“蚁族”产生原因及其生活状况初探

为了解社会新群体"蚁族"的产生原因和生活现状,研究者使用定性研究方法,对9名不同地区具有"蚁族"性质的个人进行了访谈研究。研究发现如下结论:学历知识构成对"蚁族"产生具有重要影响;父母对"蚁族"影响较小,而原籍与"蚁族"的产生有一定相关性;"蚁族"生存现状普遍较差,但是具有地区间差异;他们就业观念较开放,大都选择自己所喜欢的就业领域等。     

高校毕业生就业质量影响因素及其影响路径探析 ——基于1518名毕业生就业现状调查

应用自编问卷针对毕业生群体实施大样本调查,对高校毕业生就业质量现状、毕业生就业质量影响因素及其影响路径进行分析,结果表明:毕业生的就业质量评分与其对疫情影响的认知观念以及职业自我概念评价情况存在显著相关;从影响路径来看,高校就业心理辅导与支持对毕业生就业态度与价值观因子产生影响,进而影响到毕业生职业自我概念发展;高校公...     

困境与突破：大学生就业问题的理性思考

就业形势严峻影响＂当期就业＂、就业期望偏高导致＂有业不就＂、职业意识模糊引发＂盲目就业＂是当前大学生就业面临的主要困境。其形成原因主要在于社会就业保障制度的缺失、高校就业指导工作的滞后,以及学生就业能力的欠缺。要突破大学生就业问题的困境,一是要充分发挥政府的主导性,营造良好就业环境;二是要充分发挥学校的创造性,改革人才培养模式;三是要充分发挥学生的能动性,不断提高就业能力。     

西部民族地区大学生“村官”创业——村级财务监管体系探讨

＂大学生村官计划＂是中央政府着眼于社会主义新农村建设,促进大学生就业而推出的一项创新性举措,是政府支农惠农的另一种形式。本文基于西部民族地区实施的＂大学生村官计划＂,着重分析了西部民族地区村级财务监管的必要性,大学生＂村官＂财务监管应具备的素质与能力,并针对地域差异产生的特殊问题,借鉴与构建村级财务监管体系,以促进西部民族地区农村经济可持续发展能力的不断提高。     

农村非农就业对中国城乡收入不均等的影响——基于中国东中西部面板数据的比较研究

通过对劳动力流动和收入分配的相关研究进行综述,并基于1989～2008年中国各省份的面板数据,采用STATA10.0计量软件,建立联立方程组,运用似不相关方法实证研究农村非农就业对中国区域城乡收入不均等的影响,结果表明：中国农村非农就业在一定程度上扩大了省际间城乡收入不均等;从中国东中西部各地区实证结果看,农村非农就业有利于缩小东部地区的城乡收入不均等,但扩大了中西部地区城乡收入不均等,且农村非农就业对西部地区城乡收入差距的影响程度远高于全国和东中部地区。     

武汉"蚁族"生存状况的实证研究

本文通过对武汉"蚁族"生存状况的实证研究,表明武汉"蚁族"经济收入偏低,居住空间狭小,生活压力大,亟需提升收入水平,改善居住条件,排降生活压力。     

外商直接投资与黑龙江省就业

外商直接投资(FDI)在带来资金和技术的同时,也会对就业的数量和质量产生影响.研究结果表明,在就业数量上,FDI时黑龙江省就业影响主要表现为替代效应,没有拉动就业量的增长;在就业质量上,FDI对黑龙江就业有促进效应,改善了就业水平,并推动了就业结构的转变.为利用FDI提高黑龙江省就业水平,建议:将就业效应作为选择外资的一项指标;通过生产型服务业扩大就业量;充分考虑外资对本土企业的影响;制定合理的法律法规加强对外资的监管.     

从土地依恋到户籍依恋——天津城郊农民生活安全脆弱性与市民化意愿代际分析

通过对天津城郊农民市民化意愿及其代际差异的研究发现,城郊农民具有较高土地依恋和户籍依恋、 较低市民化意愿,其失地后存在生活安全脆弱性,且父代均显著于子代.多元logistic回归分析显示,年龄和生活安全变量对土地依恋产生显著影响;年龄和抵御风险水平变量对户籍依恋产生显著影响.以反对市民化态度为参照,集体购置保险对中立态度的选择具有显著正向影响;对支持态度的选择,代际变量具有显著负向影响,职业技能和就业状况具有显著正向影响.     

毕业大学生“蚁族”群体心理调适的建议

"蚁族"是"高校毕业生低收入聚居群体"的别称,具有高智、弱小、群居的特点。他们不仅在经受生存压力的考验,也在面对心理上的种种问题。本文着重介绍"蚁族"群体面临的心理问题,为"蚁族"群体改善自身生活状况提供了一些心理调适的方法与建议。     

汉语动物词流行语的隐喻意义构建

概念整合理论可用来阐释隐喻现象,尤其适于分析实时隐喻过程中的意义建构与推理机制。它启发我们以语义、概念为出发点,通过语言形式挖掘语义结构,帮助解读隐喻,建构新概念。运用概念整合理论,探究当前＂蚁族＂＂、蜗居＂等动物词流行语的意义构建,加深对隐喻现象的理解。     

低保未就业人员的情况分析与促进就业的基本思路--对北京市东城区调查数据的分析

文章基于北京市东城区低保人口的严格抽样调查数据 ,对低保未就业人员的基本情况、就业意愿、培训及求职情况进行了分析 ,提出应在开发就业岗位、拓宽就业渠道的前提下 ,针对低保未就业人员的不同情况 ,采取市场手段与非市场手段相结合的、多种形式的就业扶持措施 ,并加强社会救助与就业政策之间的衔接     

Transition of Handicapped Students from School to Work: An Evaluation of the NEAT Paid Work Experience Program for Handicapped Secondary Students

The NEAT Work Experience Program for Handicapped Secondary Students is one in which Students are paid award wages for their work and employers receive a subsidy for training them. An evaluation of the program suggested that the program had improved the employment prospects of its participants, had assisted their adjustment to work and had made them more independent with respect to financial management, use of transport and selection of appropriate clothing. Employers became more favourable to the employment of handicapped people as a result of participation in the scheme. Moreover the scheme has enabled schools to make their programs more relevant to the working world.     

城市农民工就业排斥问题探析

本文通过对长沙市农民工就业状况的实证研究发现,农民工在就业中遭受多重排斥,即:起点排斥,过程排斥,结果排斥。研究表明农民工社会资本的拥有量和他们在就业中所遭受到的排斥存在显著相关性。笔者认为为农民工建立顺畅的城市网络融入机制,提供完备的就业信息服务网络,引导农民工的继续社会化是解决这一问题的关键。     

Positive and negative impacts of job loss on family life: the perceptions of Australian car workers

This article contributes to research on the impact of job loss on families. It is based on survey responses from 371 workers and in‐depth interviews with 39 of them about the family impacts of their job loss from the Mitsubishi car factory in Adelaide in 2004–2005. A majority of workers said family life had been affected by their job loss. Quantitative analysis identified four variables significantly associated with family impacts: marital status, children living at home, employment status and financial management. Qualitative responses showed the predominantly negative impacts were financial strain, loss of relationship stability and general stress and worry, although few faced catastrophic impacts from their job loss. However, in contrast to most previous research, the in‐depth interviews also revealed positive impacts from job loss, such as having more time at home and to spend with their family. We conclude that the existence of ongoing income support and public health insurance in Australia were important in avoiding catastrophic financial impacts on these workers and their families.     

Employer‐sponsored programmes for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS: Recent experience from sub‐Saharan Africa

This article examines a sample of employer programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa that supplement government efforts to prevent and treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some of these programmes provide workers with in‐house education, voluntary HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment. Others rely on new forms of employment‐based group health insurance that include an HIV treatment package. In addition, some enterprises use the workplace as a platform for launching efforts into neighbouring communities to reach spouses, children, sex workers, secondary school students and others. Early evidence suggests that employer programmes maintain the health of large fractions of workers living with HIV who are served by them. They further enable enterprises to avoid productivity losses and turnover costs associated with HIV. At the same time, they take pressure off government agencies that face demands for treatment far exceeding their capacity. The article identifies features of successful employer programmes including “elite appeal”, which mobilizes community leaders and role models to deconstruct stigma, change perceptions and call for behavioural change; and “collateral linkage”, which extends the reach of HIV workplace programmes by linking them to related community concerns: e.g. alcohol abuse, malaria and domestic violence. Looking forward, the potential for expanding employer programmes as well as the restrictions associated with the limited scale of formal‐sector employment within sub‐Saharan African economies is assessed. Actions by which governments, employer associations, trade unions and international organizations can encourage further development of such programmes and extend their reach are suggested.     

失业者再就业行为及其影响因素分析基于湖北省武汉、荆州、洪湖三市的调查

本文通过对湖北省武汉、荆州、洪湖三个地区973名失业者的调查,描述了失业者的再就业行为的基本状况,并运用高级统计方法分析了影响失业者再就业行为的主要因素。研究发现：失业者再就业态度积极,但多数人从事着社会地位低、无稳定性的非正式职业或自雇职业;个体的社会特征因素对失业者再就业行为的影响显著,而再就业意愿对再就业行为的影响不显著。所以,本文不支持失业者由于就业期望过高而制约其再就业的看法。     

Personal networks and employment: a study on landless farmers in Yunnan province of China

Abstract

Drastic urbanisation has produced a new marginalised group of landless farmers in China. Using representative survey data (N = 620) collected in the communities of landless farmers in Yunnan Province, this study examined the effects of active personal networks on employment status of landless farmers in the transition from rural to urban living. Our findings suggested that landless farmers more active in personal networks (receiving more support through the networks) were more likely to obtain employment in cities. This positive effect was much stronger for male landless farmers than for their female counterparts. While active personal networks significantly improved the opportunity of employment of older landless farmers, they had an insignificant effect on the younger ones. Social policies and service programmes aimed to facilitate landless farmers’ urban adjustment need to pay more attention to the community-based approach, and take into consideration the different service needs of different groups within this marginalised population.     

The Labor Law and the Preferential Treatment for Small Businesses

Tens of millions of small businesses, including countless individually run businesses, are operating in China. Hampered by their scale and limited job creation capacity, China’s small businesses need a more flexible approach to employment. In fact, their small size and their lack of technical expertise and standardized management mean that these small businesses find it hard to operate in strict compliance with labor laws in the way larger businesses do. Some other countries and regions tend to give preferential treatment to small businesses, exempting them from some of the provisions of labor law. China could consider changing the “one size fits all” provisions of its labor law to give preferential treatment to small businesses with regard to terminating employment contracts, drawing up regulations, signing contracts, and anti-discrimination in employment requirements.     

Formal Social Participation and Utilization of Community-based Services among Urban Elderly Chinese Living Alone in Shanghai,China

This research examined formal social participation among elderly Chinese adults living alone and the association between utilization of community-based services and formal social participation, which refers to participation in employment, volunteer jobs, and social groups. Using a secondary analysis on a survey data from a simple random sample of 228 adults aged 60 and older living alone in a Shanghai neighborhood, it was found that only small percentage of older adults living alone were involved in formal social participation. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that use of community-based services is significantly associated with formal social participation among elderly Chinese living alone. Thus, future policies and programs should focus on strengthening community-based services for elderly Chinese, to more effectively promote and facilitate their social participation.     

Educational attainment and employment of young adults ageing out of care: A registry study based on the Finnish birth cohort 1987

Adolescents growing up outside their birth homes are at major risk for multiple adversities in early adulthood, including low education and unemployment. The transition from out-of-home placement to independent living overlaps with the transition from school to work and higher education. However, the support during this critical phase is often inadequate. Adolescents ageing out of care are also more likely to have faced adversities in their birth families. Yet, the interplay between different risk factors and having aged out of care has gained little attention. This study aimed to assess known risk factors for low education and unstable employment and their interaction with ageing out of care, controlling for birth-home-related adversities. We assessed this topic using logistic and linear regression modelling based on the Finnish birth cohort 1987 (n = 59 476) registry. Our analysis showed that obtaining upper secondary and higher education was much less likely among those ageing out of care, and they had spent 52–80 fewer days annually in employment after graduation. Few interactions with other risk factors were, however, found. Efforts are needed to prevent inequalities in education and employment for those ageing out of care in the transition phase from school to work.