抑制重新犯罪路途艰难

刑满释放人员重新犯罪的问题，正在引起社会的关注。你是从事犯罪与罪犯改造研究的，能不能就此谈点看法？好的。从上海的情况来看，刑释人员回归社会后三年内的重新犯罪率，1986年为4．1％，1987年为4．4％，1988年为6．1％，1989年为9．4％，1990年为7.2％。与初偶犯相比较，重新犯罪的刑释人员作案手段往往更加狡诈、疯狂和残忍，对社会的危害性更大。有效地预防与控制重新犯罪，日益成为一个不空忽视的课题。重新犯罪的原因与犯罪的原因是什么关系？进了大门才能找到小门。犯罪是重新犯罪的前提，有了犯罪才有重新犯罪。重新犯罪率的曲…     

社会转型期重新犯罪的综合治理

预防和减少刑释人员重新犯罪是一个 世界性的社会难题,也一直是我国社会治 安综合治理的重点之一。随着我国从传统的计划经济体制向市场经济体制转型,社会环境和人们的思想观念、生活方式等都发生了深刻的变化,社会犯罪包括重新犯罪的构成、特点、原因等亦出现了许多新变化。社会治安综合治理工作如何与时俱进,     

暴力重新犯罪行为特点及成因实证分析

随着社会变革日益深化,犯罪数量不断上升,其中暴力犯罪有加剧的趋势.尤其在2009年,我国暴力犯罪总量经过了几年下降后,突然有所上升,广大公众的社会安全感受到严重威胁.特别是一些重新犯罪人员在暴力犯罪中起到领头羊的作用.针对这一社会现象,本文对当前暴力重新犯罪行为特点及形成原因进行了实证研究.     

暴力重新犯罪行为特点及成因实证分析

随着社会变革日益深化，犯罪数量不断上升，其中暴力犯罪有加剧的趋势。尤其在2009年，我国暴力犯罪总量经过了几年下降后，突然有所上升，广大公众的社会安全感受到严重威胁。特别是一些重新犯罪人员在暴力犯罪中起到“领头羊”的作用。针对这一社会现象，本文对当前暴力重新犯罪行为特点及形成原因进行了实证研究。     

对刑释人员重新犯罪问题的探讨

据有关统计资料表明,近年来重新犯罪率有所上升。其中刑满释放人员重新犯罪的约占10%左右,解除劳教人员重新违法犯罪的约占15%左右。这两个数字分别为“文革”前的4～5倍。在公安机关抓获的案犯中重新犯罪率由1980年的18%上升到1983年的31%。在重大案件,特别是恶性案件中,很多是重新犯罪分子所为。在团伙作案的犯罪成员中,重新犯罪分子约占70%左右。另据笔者     

中德两国比较——关于青少年罪犯的刑事责任与社会矫治

在我国,青少年犯罪问题近年来呈现日益严重的上升趋势,这一现象已引起全社会的关注,也引起各级司法机关的普遍重视。青少年犯罪作为犯罪问题的一个重要方面,对于促进社会治安的综合治理,预防和减少犯罪,保证社会稳定,都有举足轻重的作用。笔者根据德国著名犯罪学者路德教授关于青少年罪犯的刑事责任与社会矫治问题的看法作一些剖析。一、关于青少年犯罪的主要形式在德国,青少年犯罪的主要形式为侵犯财产罪。     

社会利益矛盾与重新犯罪

近几年来,刑释解教人员重新犯罪的特点除了青少年、未婚者重犯率高;原犯财产型罪错的重犯率高、城市比农村重犯率高等以外,还出现如下新动向: 一是在重新违法犯罪中,财产型犯罪的增多。据对上海某区1984年释放的823名刑释、解教人员与其中三年内重新违法犯罪的179人的情况调查,从对比中发现:原盗窃占65.1%,在重犯者中上升到75.2%、赌搏从1.9%上升到5.7%、诈骗从2.4%上升到4%。其它案由均呈下降趋势。在145名重犯前科者中,盗窃占91%,诈骗和赌搏各占1.3%,流氓占5.5%。     

论我国城市化背景下的刑罚失衡

随着我国城市化进程不断推进,犯罪数量也急剧增长,社会资源分配不公是我国城市化背景下犯罪数量上升的重要原因。我国在运用刑罚手段来控制犯罪时却存在刑罚失衡的问题,这种失衡在一定程度上是结构性失衡。刑罚结构性失衡加剧了社会中既有的分配不公,制约了刑罚功能有效实现,对解决城市化背景下的犯罪问题产生了阻力。     

心理—社会模式下对我国青少年犯罪的思考

心理—社会模式是社会工作中的一种模式,将其运用于分析我国青少年犯罪这一社会问题具有理论指导意义。从心理—社会模式考察,则青少年自身的心理发展特征与其成长的社会环境的交叉影响是导致青少年犯罪的原因,并且心理—社会模式对于治疗和预防青少年犯罪具有借鉴价值。     

“康馨苑”女子心理健康沙龙项目

一、项目服务背景 近年来，随着我国社会经济的迅速发展，女性犯罪人数也在激增。以上海市卢湾区为例，2010年该区年龄段在40—50岁的女性社区服刑人员和刑释解教人员（下简称“女性服务对象”）有76名，占全区对象总数的近8％，和2009年相比数量呈明显增长。女性服务对象的突出问题，已成为社区矫正安置帮教工作中的重要关注内容。     

女性犯罪特点及防控

女性犯罪是影响家庭和谐及社会稳定的重要因素。近年来,女性犯罪呈现逐渐上升趋势,且超过同期的男性犯罪增长率。为有效预防具有增长势头的女性犯罪,应全面加强法制教育和道德教育,提高女性就业率和经济地位,发挥社区保障功能,努力营造健康的社会文化环境、和谐的家庭氛围。     

试析当前社会安置工作现状问题及对策——以T市为例

目前,社会安置工作面临人户分离现象严重、查找困难,衔接工作难以落实等现实问题。鉴于此,笔者认为应通过完善衔接工作制度,理顺社会安置工作的体制机制,加强信息化体系建设,不断规范刑释解教人员社会安置工作等措施,最大限度地预防和减少刑释解教人员重新违法犯罪。     

An overview of offender rehabilitation and crime prevention in Hong Kong

This paper provides an overview of offender rehabilitation and crime prevention in Hong Kong by examining the history and background through the course of development of The Society of Rehabilitation and Crime Prevention, Hong Kong (SRACP), from its early establishment as a pioneering organization specialized in the aftercare service of discharged prisoners, to expanding its foothold in psychiatric service and finally extending crime prevention service to the community; with a brief account on the social and economic factors that shape the focus and development of SRACP.     

Rehabilitation,reintegration and recidivism: a theoretical and methodological reflection

ABSTRACT

The reintegration of ex-offenders into the community has emerged as a key concern of the criminal justice system as prison populations have increased globally. High recidivism rates indicate that prisons have not adequately prepared many prisoners for life after prisons. There are three issues this article explores: first, to unpack the theoretical and methodological issues in understanding the nebulous concept of ‘recidivism’; second, to provide a critique of the ‘risks–needs–responsivity’ model which has formed the basis of prison rehabilitation; and third, to suggest ways to mitigate the effects of institutionalisation to achieve positive rehabilitation and reintegration outcomes.     

Social disorganizations and crime rates in U.S. central cities: Toward an explanation of urban economic change

Little attention has been paid to the simultaneous impacts of urban economic change, in particular the effects of industrial restructuring from manufacturing to service industries in central cities and the suburbanization of employment, on both central-city social disorganizations and crime rates in central cities. This study first assumes that urban economic decline aggravates central-city social disorganizations (family disruption, and population mobility). Second, this study proposes that urban economic decline increases central-city crime rates (seven index crime rates). This study used four predictors of economic transformations in an intrametropolitan area between 1980 and 1990 to measure urban economic change. Three of these measures were indicators of central-city economic change (changes in central-city employment ratio of service to manufacturing sectors, unemployment rate, and poverty rate), and one was an indicator of suburban economic change (suburban employment rate). Results from a sample of 153 central cities confirmed that a rise in the central-city employment ratio accelerated suburban population mobility. After including two measures of social disorganizations, urban economic change had a significant effect on central-city crime rates, in which a decline in manufacturing employment, relative to service employment, increased three central-city crime rates: aggravated assault, larceny, and burglary rates. Two central-city crime rates, rape and larceny, increased with a rise in central-city poverty rate, as well. In contrast, suburban employment growth was related to a decrease in central-city violent crime rates.     

‘Unfit for reform or punishment’: mental disorder and discipline in Liverpool Borough Prison in the late nineteenth century

This article examines how Liverpool Borough Prison, opened in 1855 as one of the largest local prisons in England to adopt the separate system, categorized and dealt with mental distress and disorder amongst its prison population in the late nineteenth century. High prison committal rates in Liverpool, alongside high levels of recidivism, especially among female prisoners, led to severe overcrowding and encouraged a harsh disciplinary regime. Exacerbated by the poor physical and mental condition of the prisoners, this produced a challenging environment for maintaining the separate system of confinement and prisoners’ mental well-being. While official figures for the rates of mental disorder in local prisons are not readily available, Liverpool Prison’s diverse and under-exploited archives and official reports indicate that insanity caused prison officials and visiting justices great concern, and many prisoners were declared unfit for the rigours of prison discipline. Our article explores the implications of the ever more punitive, deterrent and physically taxing penal policy implemented in the late nineteenth century on the minds of prisoners. Despite the heavy toll on prisoners’ mental well-being, such cases were often retained by prison medical officers reluctant to acknowledge the failure of the prison to deter, reform and redeem.     

The Moderating Effect of Living with a Child Before Incarceration on Postrelease Outcomes Related to a Prison-Based Parent Management Training Program

ABSTRACT

With the rapid growth in incarceration in the United States over the past few decades came dramatic growth in the number of the incarcerated parents with at least one minor child. Parental incarceration places extra stresses and strains on families and children. Almost all of those incarcerated will eventually be released. However, the majority of those released from prison will be rearrested within a year. Finding interventions that can decrease the likelihood of returning to crime and to incarceration are of utmost importance. Using a social bond theory framework, the authors examine the moderating effect of living with a child before incarceration on program outcomes related to a prison-based parent management training program. A significant effect was found. Implications for these findings are discussed for future research and practice.     

关于加强社区矫正制度建设的思考

社区矫正反映了现代法治社会尊重人权的司法文明理念,是非监禁化的刑罚执行方式。加强我国的社区矫正建设,必须完善各项配套制度。一是建立科学、高效的风险评估制度,以提高社区矫正工作的质量和效果,降低服刑人员再犯罪率。二是建立、健全科学的分类管理制度,以提高监管和矫正的效率。三是完善检察监督制度,以防止社区矫正形式化、简单化、随意化,维护法律的严肃性。四是建立信息的收集、利用与机构间合作的制度,以防止出现矫正对象的失控漏管现象。     

‘Fighting a war alone’: reintegration of ex-offenders from ethnic minority groups

Reintegration into society is crucial for the rehabilitation of ex-offenders. However, in Hong Kong, ex-offenders from ethnic minority groups often face specific difficulties in reintegrating into society when they have completed their sentence and have been released from prisons and correctional institutions. Due to language barriers and cultural differences, as well as a sense of inferiority originating from their convictions, many ethnic minority ex-offenders are likely to experience difficulty in accessing support networks that can help in their rehabilitation, and to re-establish and sustain an identity as a law-abiding citizen, and face more barriers to reintegration than their Chinese counterparts. These barriers are further compounded by problems reintegrating into their own ethnic communities. Many ethnic minority ex-offenders have experienced isolation, stigmatization and discrimination following rejection from their own communities. This, in turn, further complicates their reintegration and can contribute to recidivism and an increase in the crime rate over time.

This paper seeks to analyse the reintegration of ethnic minority ex-offenders into their own ethnic communities using the story of a single ethnic minority ex-prisoner to learn about the lived experience of being jailed and stigmatized. This was carried out to understand the difficulties encountered during reintegration into society, and to look at ways to remove any ‘labels’ bestowed upon ex-offenders following imprisonment.

Finally, the main outcomes of this study are to identify facilitative factors for ethnic minority ex-offenders to aid their re-establishment and reintegration into society and consider possible implications for rehabilitative programmes for ethnic minority ex-offenders and crime prevention programmes for the community.     

源于身份的隔阂:人口多样性、社会信任与犯罪

本文以2014年中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据为基础，构建了一个人口多样性指数，并将其与288个城市的数据相匹配，检验了人口多样性与犯罪率之间的关系。实证结果表明，人口多样性是导致城市犯罪率上升的原因之一，且这一发现是稳健的。作用机制检验结果表明，社会信任是一个重要的中介变量，即人口多样性通过削弱社会信任水平导致犯罪率的上升。进一步，从地区制度环境和民生支出水平两个角度展开的实证检验发现，产权保护越完善、民众对法庭越有信心，政府在公共教育和社会保障上的财政支出越高，人口多样性对犯罪率的影响越弱，说明良好的制度和较高的社会福利支出具有显著的犯罪治理效应。本文的发现为城市化进程中我国各级政府的犯罪治理政策选择提供了经验证据，有助于科学把握犯罪治理的着力点。