口说文化、文字文化、媒介文化

人类文明经历了从口说文化到文字文化再到当代媒介文化的变迁。当代媒介文化已经成为一种生活方式。因此 ,有必要把握媒介文化生活的特点、好处和风险 ,对媒介文化生活进行批判性研究     

文学接受中“后阅读”现象的描述与分析

“后阅读”不是后期的阅读或阅读之后的状况,而是一种与普通阅读不同的阅读。其相异点在于它不强调阅读中的求知,它不关注作者状况,它不相信关于作品的所谓正解。由此引致了“后阅读”的若干特征,它包括双向性阅读目标,三重对话框架,四个基本步骤。论文在对“后阅读”作出描述之后,对它进行了理论分析,尤其是对它在文化上的性质进行了批判。这种理论上的研讨对于整个文学研究理应具有重要的意义。     

Brace yourselves: Reporting of rising food costs in the Australian print media

This paper explores media reporting of the rising food costs in five Australian newspapers in the 12 month period from 1^st September 2007 to 31^st August 2008. This period encompassed a Federal election in which rising food costs were identified as an election issue and a national inquiry into grocery pricing established to honour pre‐election promises. Content analysis of newspaper articles demonstrates an increasing interest in the print media in food prices at this time, with thematic analysis revealing the dominance of political concerns and the economic fears of the Australian public. This paper explores these issues. It compares the rhetoric and reality of rising food costs through reporting of the causes and impact of increased food prices and explores the apportioning of blame for rising food prices and the solutions which arise from this through media reporting of political and personal strategies for managing the risk of food insecurity. The paper will also identify the social processes that contributed to the newsworthiness of rising food costs at this time.     

中国文字狱述论

本文通过对历代文字狱成狱特点、发生原因及其对中国文化发展的影响等问题的阐释 ,认为文字狱是中国文化发展史上一道独特的风景 ,对中国历史发展产生了非常消极的影响。继而指出 ,权力与知识、权力系统与知识系统、政统与道统之间的利益冲突是封建统治阶级制造文字狱的最根本原因     

Literature,Literary Criticism and the Historical Index of the Readability of Literary Texts

The German scholar Sigrid Weigel takes issue with Professor Zhang Jiang’s view on the “correct understanding of a text,” which holds that literary interpretation should be objective and should reflect authorial intention. She raises four points to rebut Zhang’s criteria for determining whether an interpretation of literature is correct. Firstly, the central concern of literary interpretation is not authorial intention, but rather the dissection of the creative ideas in the text. Secondly, it is impossible to identify a single objective “authorial intention” when readers’ backgrounds, perspectives, methods and purposes vary dramatically. Thirdly, with the concept of the “historical index of readability,” Weigel attempts to establish an optimal meeting point between history and modern interpretive perspectives. Finally, Weigel makes it clear that literature and literary criticism in China today cannot eliminate the influence of Western theories and that the key to the development of Chinese literary theory lies in the combination of tradition and modernity.     

政治文化视角:20年代中国文学的接受阐释

选择政治文化的视角 ,重估 2 0世纪初新文学建设 ,有三种文学接受方式值得注意。一是新文学运动传递的信息 ,是发动者组织者的政治观念的文学显现 ;二是新文学的创作者和一般阅读者文学价值的寻找 ,在于政治与现实问题密切联系中的文学期待 ;三是新文学的生产者经营者经济利益与文学关系的调节 ,形成了一种特殊的文学接受形式 ,整合的政治经济驱动了文学的生产过程。由此 ,文学与政治不再是简单的五四启蒙者与接受者之间的被动关系 ,而是多重政治文化因素的互动和影响。新文学的发生发展将在大的文化语境中获得新阐释 ,呈现丰富现象和形态     

新世纪西方文论展望:文化研究与生态批评

20世纪的西方文论丰富多彩 ,更迭频繁。随着全球化时代的到来 ,文化研究将成为新世纪的显学之一。文化研究具有跨学科性、开放性、批判性与政治性的特征。新世纪文论界的另一显学是生态批评。它是研究文学和自然环境之间相互关系的学问。它把文学批评放在地球生态圈这一大语境下 ,以独特的生态批评视角和对全人类生存前景的终极关怀而充满生机和活力。它的宽泛性、跨学科性和开放性使它与现存文学理论交叉结合起来 ,使文学研究走向更加广阔的生态学视野     

媒体变化与审美文化的品位追求

近年传媒的发展带来当代审美文化的重大变化 ,但往往造成其产品在历史的、人文的、诗意的因素缺失。如何使商业资本规范的运作 ,成为当代审美文化和文化产业发展的一个重要研究问题     

媒介变化与审美文化创新问题

媒介变化与审美文化创新之间是互动的和促进的关系 ,这种关系经历了漫长的演化历程。当代媒介的变化必然为审美文化创新提供新的可能性 ,也给当代审美文化研究提出了诸多重要的理论课题     

文学研究:终结还是再生?--米勒文学研究"终结论"解读

米勒根据电子化和全球化时代文学形态的变化和文化研究转向的事实,提出和阐发了文学研究“终结论”,但另一方面又相信传统的文学研究仍有意义并将继续存在,这是一个充满深刻矛盾和张力的悖论式命题。通过对这一理论命题的解读,我们可以领悟到:文学及其文学研究是否走向终结,未必由某些现实条件(如电信技术)所决定,重要的是有对文学与人的生存之永恒依存关系的深刻理解,有建立在这一基础之上的坚定信念,以及与时俱进、顺时变通的开放性态度。这样就有可能使文学和文学研究绝处逢生,获得新的生机和开辟新的前景。     

Rethinking the Modern Transformation of Classical Chinese Literary Theory

Though it is not new, the topic of the modern transformation of classical Chinese literary theory still holds profound significance for China’s current efforts in carrying forward the essence of classical literary theory and constructing a new literary theory that conforms to the spirit of our times. Today, Chinese scholars have to handle two traditions: one is the classical literary scholarship up to the 19th century, distant in time and space from today; the other is the modern tradition that started in the early 20th century. These two traditions involve not only rupture and heterogeneous change but also continuity and partial homogeneous preservation. Taking our stand on the modern and contemporary tradition, we should consciously pursue research on classical literary theory, using modern consciousness to scrutinize, reorder, discover, select, interpret, activate and absorb its finer elements, those that are still vital, so as to creatively promote its modern transformation and further integrate it as an organic component of the construction of modern Chinese literary theory. Over the past two or three decades, Chinese scholars have been advancing this great project in a systematic and solid way, achieving gratifying progress. We must strengthen our efforts and make further progress with this great undertaking.     

On the Development of a Chinese Discourse in Literary Studies Based on Current Practice

There are two mistaken tendencies in the development of a Chinese literary discourse in academia. One is the “red dancing shoes” phenomenon, where scholars run helter- skelter after the latest developments in Western literary theory; the other is the “bound feet” phenomenon, where tradition-bound scholars believe that tradition must be kept unchanged and that Chinese literary theory should be cleansed of all alien elements. Neither approach is desirable. Contemporary Chinese literary theory should be grounded in present realities and should distinguish between substance and function. “Substance” has to consist of China’s present literary creation and critical practice; only thus can we appropriate Western and traditional Chinese literary theories in the service of today’s needs, and make the ancient serve the modern and the foreign the Chinese. This will enable us to develop a literary discourse that is both contemporary and Chinese.     

文学世家的历史还原(英文)

文学世家历史还原的过程,也是一个逻辑建构的过程。以政治文化制度变革为核心动力,通过家族史与文学史演变的双重梳理,可以对中国通代文学世家发展演变历程进行历史还原,即前中后三大时段三重形态的相互衔接与有序推进：两汉至南北朝“经学一文学世家”与“门阀一文学世家”双重形态的衔接与演进;隋唐时期“门阀一文学世家”与“科宦一文学世家”混合形态的交替与演进;两宋至明清“科宦一文学世家”主流形态的承变与演进。在上述主体形态之外,尚有其他类型文学世家的多元存在。文学世家史学术范式的建构,需要通过特定个体、时代、区域以及通代文学世家史四个层级的链接而融合为有机整体。     

The Relational Attributes of the Meaning of Literary Works

The meaning of literary works arises from the reception and transformation of the works by their receivers. It is through understanding via experience that this work-receiver relationship is realized in literary reception. In literary reception, meaning assumes multiple forms, including the perceptual and experiential form, the universal and general form, and the historical and continuous form. The realistic foundation of meaning is pluralistic; it is the unfolding of structurality and contextuality of the real history in literary reception and transformation. The reality’s deconstruction and construction of the historical structure appear in the form of specific issues and draw the attention of reception, and give rise to the expectation of meaning in this reception. The reception of meaning is based on such an expectation, so the meaning is constrained by the already existing expectation. Meaning has non-linguisticity, which comes from the non-linguisticity of the implications of literary works and that of literary reception, and is revealed in the interaction of the two in the receptive relations. The non-linguistic meaning is universal.     

论文学语言的审美特性

语言具有“意指”和“效果”两大功能 ,任何一种语言的运用都首先是传达一定的意义 ,然后才谈得上产生一定的效果 ,包括审美效果。如此理解文学语言的审美特性 ,就使得文学语言与非文学语言都具有了共同的语言“内核” ,即传达某种思想信息的意指性。文学语言的审美特性以意指功能为前提并借助意指功能显示出来 ,由此决定了文学语言意指功能的特殊性。当我们把文学语言的审美特性与它的意指功能的特点联系起来考虑时 ,就会发现 ,文学语言的审美特性主要包含自指性、曲指性、虚指性这三重内涵。     

明清时代江南才女文化的繁荣与弹词体小说

明清两代才女文化与我国南方女性文化的发展有密切的关联。明清时期尤其清代以后,女性文学的主体发生重大改变,才女由名妓传统转向闺秀传统,呈现多元化和群体性的特点。才女作家的弹词体小说从书面文学、写作手法、读者及其主旨等四个方面建立了女性文学叙事传统,并影响深远。     

On the Innovation of Literary Theory in China

Abstract

China’s rise has increased concerns about innovation in China’s indigenous literary theory. How to create theories with a “China style” and global influence has become a serious challenge for the development of contemporary Chinese literary theory. Three strategies are noteworthy in meeting this challenge. First, “amateurism in professionalism” can be used to offset the constraints of increasing disciplinization and professionalization in literary theory. Second, critical rationality needs to be cultivated among researchers and in institutional forms in order to alter the present lack of rational and vigorous debate, criticism and dialogue. Third, we need to reconstruct “grand narratives,” so as to make a unique contribution to the world in terms of universal values, meanings and ethics through transforming and advancing traditional Chinese thought.     

建安前期文学创作与文人文学观念的情感深化

从中国古代文人的文学观念的演变历程看,文学观念每一次出现大的变迁,都是与文人的文学创作紧密相联系的。建安前期的文学创作就对文人的文学观念产生了重要影响。其表现为:文人诗赋创作中通过借用前代作品抒情达意,加深了他们对诗赋文学抒情特征的感性认识;散文创作也使他们对该文体本质特征、文学作品的艺术感知和情感体验深化了。这些都大大推进了建安文人文学观念的情感化历程。     

The Source of Meaning of Literary Works: From the Perspective of 20th Century Western Literary History

The rise of historicism at the turn of the 19th century changed the ancient poetics and rhetoric standards held by Aristotle for a long time,trying to integrate literary studies into a larger historical context,but in the first half of the 20th century several literary criticism methods,including formalism,new criticism,structuralism and poststructuralism,came up to emphasize once again the importance of form and rhetoric. After the 1980s and 1990s,a new inclination to seek and promote the relationship between literature and the real world has encouraged the literary research that interprets classical and contemporary literary works on the basis of current political issues. The influence of formalism and its opponents,as well as the emphasis on literary aesthetics in the process,led to the relaxation of the standard for the search of literary significance. Therefore,we must give brand-new attention to what the literary works themselves are intended to tell the reader     

Maori family culture: A context of youth development in Counties/Manukau

Abstract

This paper has two main objectives. First, it examines the ways in which the Waitangi Tribunal considers the notion of “time” (and its corollary “timelessness") in relation to the Treaty of Waitangi. The Tribunal has increasingly emphasised the timeless‐ness of the Treaty, its ability to transcend temporal notions of time, and the implications of this for the relationship between the Treaty partners, Maori and the Crown. Second, it compares these tendencies with contemporary Maori ideas of time, as they are presented in the modern Treaty claims process. It is argued that the Tribunal, especially in its more recent reports, has signalled a marked shift in its acknowledgment of Maori concepts of time. Its published reports from 1999 onwards show more appreciation not for only for Maori understandings of the Treaty relationship, but for Maori values and concepts which, by their articulation and inclusion in the hearing process, test orthodox and dominant assumptions regarding the nature of change over time. Some broader trends may also be observed. Since the 1980s, there have been numerous references to the Treaty and its principles in statutory law, Waitangi Tribunal reports, and Deeds of Settlement ratified by successive New Zealand governments. Furthermore, there has been increasing (but by no means universal) recognition of the Treaty as a “developing social contract”, rather than a static historical document, with much of the impetus for such an interpretation coming from findings and recommendations of the Waitangi Tribunal.