女性领导遇到“强势男副职”怎么办

<正>作为女性领导,遇到"强势男副职",应该如何有效实施领导?笔者认为,应当做到以下几点:第一,"顺势而为"。就是要能够做到顺着"强势男副职"的"性子",利用其"强势"为单位或部门做好应该做的事情,而不是极力去改变他、阻止他、牵制他,让其受挫,"强势"变"弱势"。一是要从思想上认识到"强势男副职"并不是自己的"政敌"。这一点是非常重要的。如果思想上"先入为主",有了"政     

弱势女领导的工作窘境与破局之道

单位管理中弱势女领导因为性别、性格、业务内容、角色转换等容易陷入困境之中。单位管理中弱势女领导的工作窘境主要体现在:下属轻视,工作难以开展;上司偏袒,单位资源倾斜;自我否定,晋升前景堪忧;被扣“黑锅”,声名遭遇诋毁。破此困局,单位管理中弱势女领导可从以下方面入手:注重形象管理,培养气场;主动争取机会,表明立场;熟悉工作业务,展示权威;制定高效计划,奖惩分明。     

强势女领导与强势男领导的工作融合艺术

强势女领导与强势男领导的工作融合艺术是双方提升领导力的重要基础。强势女领导与强势男领导的协同合作是正向领导力的题中应有之义,二者产生冲突的原因主要有客观环境的约束、认知经验的不同、行为方式的差异。二者可通过树立正向融合思维、把握正确融合心理、运用合理融合方式等工作融合艺术来化解冲突。     

论强势领导的处世之道

势,是一种实际影响力,是领导者实施领导步骤、实现领导目标的先决条件,强势则是其优势条件。但福祸相依,强弱互化。作为强势领导,要清醒地认识到,强势作为一种有利条件,同时也会具有负面的影响。正是因为其强势,其领导行为就自然拥有一种自动强化的机制和惯性,既增加了成功的动力,又容易放大某种素质、行为和领导过程的缺陷,如果对强势运用不当,其破坏性     

弱势领导有效掌控单位发展局面之方

正所谓弱势领导,大致有以下几种:性格温和、内向型,权力欲不强的书生型,女性领导,外地领导被本地领导排斥型,空降而无根基型。现实中,经常有弱势领导对本单位的发展局面失去掌控的情况发生。在单位中,弱势领导对单位发展局面失去控制的情况,是指弱势领导或因有下属尾大不掉、有令不行,或因单位存在阳奉     

强势领导在单位工作中的正负效应及调适策略

强势领导既能够为单位工作带来积极的促进作用,同时也会对单位工作造成一定的负面影响。强势领导的积极效应主要表现在:以个人能力提升单位整体工作效率,以个人愿景带动团队的持久发展,以个人权威维护整体的团结统一。强势领导的负面影响主要表现在领导者个人视野受到局限,团队中多元化思想受到压制,新生代人才培养工作被迫阻断。因此,强势领导要善于把握好管理尺度,把握好底线原则与方式灵活的辩证统一,把握好绝对权威与协商民主的有机结合,把握好方向引领与适度放权的交叉融合。     

上下级之间强弱势关系组合的四个象限形态解析

依据上下级之间的强弱势关系可以组合出四个象限形态。第一象限,强势领导和强势下属的"火花碰撞"形态;第二象限,弱势领导和强势下属的"逆向影响"形态;第三象限,弱势领导和弱势下属的"相依为命"形态;第四象限,强势领导和弱势下属的"号令如山"形态。这四个象限形态中每种形态都有可能向极好或极差两个趋势演变。为此,领导或组织部门应高度关注、密切留意,尽可能放大优点、消除劣势,及时将不良趋势扭转过来,推动组织向好的方向发展。     

治理模式转型对领导权威的冲击与领导权威重塑之策

从单位生命周期看,单位发展要经历寡头治理、计划治理、市场治理和共建共享共治治理等模式。治理模式转型会对领导权威产生"破""散""卷"三重冲击。未来重塑领导权威可从提升领导素养、重构治理机制、建构非正式权威三维进路出发予以应对。     

强势领导工作失利的心理及行为逻辑探微

从单位管理实践来看,工作失利的强势领导常常具有盲目的“胸有成竹”心理、霸道的“大权在握”心理、强势的“说一不二”心理、虚荣的“雕文刻镂”心理。在这些心理动因的驱使和主导下,强势领导在管理实践中会展现出一系列相应的行为特点,如工作作风刚硬霸道、独断专行,权威思想根深蒂固、不容挑战,人际社交态度冷漠、难以亲近,遇事喜欢大包大揽、亲力亲为。强势领导矫正行为偏差,要做到：接纳民主管理理念,构建协商领导氛围;主动开展多元外交,增进代际层级关系;摒弃霸道集权做派,科学向下放权赋能;养成省察自律习惯,勇于及时纠偏改过。     

弱势领导如何保持对单位发展局面的掌控

正领导干部在大部分人心目中一直是掌握特殊权力、拥有丰厚收入、得到他人尊重的优势群体,但在干部队伍中,还存在弱势领导群体。弱势领导指的是工作能力无法胜任岗位需要或者自身素质离工作的要求还有一定差距的领导干部,这类领导干部个人的支配力、号召力、影响力都低于公众的心理预期,在工作中处于弱势地位。不可否认,即使是弱势领导,能够走上这一领导岗位,说明其自身存在一定的过人之处,如何发挥自身优势,弥补自身不足,掌控单位发展的全局,赢得各级同志     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.