以情促言:情感型领导对员工建言行为的影响

情感型领导对员工促进性建言和抑制性建言行为有显著的正向影响;心理安全感在情感型领导对促进性建言和抑制性建言的影响过程中都发挥了部分中介作用;代际差异调节情感型领导对员工建言行为的影响,年轻管理者采取情感型领导方式对员工建言的促进作用更显著。管理者学会用"情"是组织管理实践中的必备技能。具体而言,管理者用"情"至深,员工更易"发声";要关注员工心理安全建设,创造安全的组织氛围;要重视管理中的代际差异,会打"感情牌"。     

多层级领导视角下员工对领导信任维度再剖析及量表验证

信任已成为企业和理论界解决组织中管理要素-人-不确定性问题的重要手段。根据不同层级领导影响方式的特点,提出员工对领导信任新的视角-组织化和个人化领导信任。个人化信任反映员工与直接领导之间共同情感、利益及价值观的基础。组织化信任反映员工从情感、能力及道德方面单方面对高层领导的评价。经题目收集、筛选、调研和数据分析．分别得出具有较好信度、效度的三维度量表来支撑今后领导信任的相关实证研究。     

真诚领导、心理资本对企业员工绩效的影响研究

在当前竞争激烈的环境中,员工的绩效和创造力是企业成功的关键要素。研究表明,真诚领导在建立积极的工作关系、提供情感支持以及塑造组织文化方面对员工绩效产生影响。此外,希望、自尊、乐观和坚韧这四个心理资源维度也对员工绩效具有重要效用。本文揭示了真诚领导、心理资本与员工绩效之间的交互关系,探讨了真诚领导对心理资本的培养、心理资本对真诚领导的影响以及真诚领导和心理资本对员工绩效的协同效用。这启示组织应同样重视培养真诚领导和员工的健康心理资本,以实现员工和组织的共同成功。     

基于变革型领导理论的信息时代领导模式创新

信息时代,领导环境变化的最直接体现在于组织结构特征和管理方式的新变化,表现为组织规模与管理任务的变化、组织协同方式与管控重心的变化、组织生态与管理策略的变化。通过有效领导模式转变激发员工的创造力和创新行为,成为管理者领导组织取得成功的关键。以变革型领导理论为工具进行探索与实践,是研究领导模式转变的一个崭新视角。要建立服务导向的领导理念,关注员工个性化需求;增强员工忠诚度,使员工成为自觉自愿的追随者;开发团队领导力,注重知识与技术革新。     

领导-员工交换一致性对员工组织公民行为的影响机理研究北大核心CSSCI

在领导和员工关系中,双方对于彼此交换关系感知的一致性是员工提升组织公民行为的重要基础。但已有研究仅从员工或领导的单一视角出发对这一过程进行解释。本研究通过领导-员工二元视角,基于社会交换和组织认同理论,探索了领导-员工交换一致性对员工组织公民行为的影响机理。通过对7家高新技术企业85位领导和352位员工的三阶段调查,进行多项式回归和响应面分析。研究结果发现:相比领导-员工交换一致性的“低-低”“低-高”和“高-低”情境,“双高”情境下的员工组织公民行为最高;组织认同感正向调节了领导-员工交换一致性与组织公民行为关系。此研究结论厘清了领导-员工交换一致性与员工组织公民行为的关系,拓展了组织公民行为的前因研究,丰富了社会交换理论和组织认同理论,并从组织认同角度,延伸了领导-员工交换一致性的情境机制研究。在实践领域,提出了通过促进领导-员工交换一致性,加强领导对员工的理解、支持和信任,进而让员工为组织奉献的思路。     

打开领导有效性的黑箱:领导行为和领导下属关系研究

学者一直从领导者和领导下属交换两个视角进行领导研究,但两种研究从来没有整合,领导行为到领导有效性之间一直是一个不为人知的黑箱。本文整合两种视角,运用中国医药企业的615个样本检验了领导行为、领导下属交换对领导有效性的影响,发现:(1)变革型领导有助于员工绩效、满意度、额外努力和组织承诺的增加;权变性奖励有助于员工绩效的增加;例外管理导致员工满意度的降低;放任型领导导致员工绩效和满意度的降低。(2)变革型领导既通过领导下属交换的提升引起员工绩效、满意度和组织承诺的增加,又直接引起额外努力的增加;权变性奖励(例外管理、放任性领导)完全通过领导下属交换的提升(降低)引起员工绩效、满意度和组织承诺的增加(降低)。文章最后讨论了本研究的局限和有必要继续研究的课题。     

权威领导对员工沉默行为的影响机制研究——心理授权的中介效应

员工沉默现象在组织中较为普遍,领导方式是影响员工沉默的一个重要因素,在权威领导的华人组织中更易导致沉默行为的出现。然而,当对权威领导的内涵进行重新划分时,是否会对员工沉默行为产生不一样的影响?笔者通过心理授权的中介作用,研究专权领导与尚严领导如何影响员工沉默行为的产生,并提出相关建议。     

女性领导打破单位情感绝缘困境之计

在单位管理中,对女性领导而言,情感复杂的生理特质是诱发情感绝缘的内在因素,理性不足的思维固性是诱发情感绝缘的外在因素,束缚心理的狭隘格局是诱发情感绝缘的本质因素。女性领导可通过以下"四计"破解情感绝缘的困境:自我修性之计,逆转思维,仁爱先行;待人接物之计,开诚布公,竭诚以待;纠错整乱之计,巧设"柔道",出奇制胜;巩固关系之计,关注细节,放大优点。     

依恋理论下避风港式领导对员工创新的影响分析

依恋理论认为,组织中的员工会对领导者产生依恋感,如果领导者能够积极回馈员工则能够起到良好的促进作用,否则,就会激发员工的负面情感与行为。避风港式领导正是在组织依恋情境下为员工营造安全心理氛围并鼓励员工挑战的领导风格,安全与挑战是这个领导类型的两个核心维度。避风港式领导能够通过增强心理安全感、提升自我效能感、弱化负性人格特质对员工创新行为起到促进作用。鉴于此,领导者应重视组织依恋,主动转向避风港式领导风格,同时强化对员工创新的激励与引导,以差异化管理实现关爱与挑战的平衡,促进员工发展,提升组织创新绩效。     

社会资本视角下塑造新时代领导风格的价值指向与创新思路

新时代需要新气象。领导者需要改进领导风格,以满足现代化组织环境和新生代员工对于领导模式的变革需要。社会资本视角下重塑领导风格,需要遵循特定的价值指向,即以构建合作信任互惠社交网络为管理目标、以打破个体孤岛效应增强互动为媒介依托、以激发组织成员集体主义情感为价值导向、以实现内部社会资本良性循环为动力供给。重塑领导风格,需要创新思路,实施魅力型领导模式以缩短层级代际距离,强调技能专业化导向以挖掘员工个体资本,培育共治型组织文化以引导下属超越自我,善用授权型管理策略以释放员工创新活力。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.     

The Challenge of Political and Economic Change in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe

This article discusses political and economic changes in Poland, Central and Eastern Europe emerging since the demise of the ‘closed system’ in 1989. The presentation explores the range of change, the method and the sequence of change. General lessons in economic transition as identified by Polish Finance Minister Lezak Balcerowicz are discussed. The challenges involved in macroeconomic stabilization, radical liberalization, currency convertibility, subsidy reduction and conversion of state-owned enterprises are reviewed. Despite their complexity, economic and political reforms proved necessary and inevitable. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.