High-intensity interval training (HIIT) increases insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in sedentary aging men but not masters’ athletes: an observational study

Introduction: The aim of this investigation was to examine the impact high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in active compared with sedentary aging men.

Methods: 22 lifetime sedentary (SED; 62?±?2 years) and 17 masters’ athletes (LEX; 60?±?5 years) were recruited to the study. As HIIT requires preconditioning exercise in sedentary cohorts, the study required three assessment phases; enrollment (phase A), following preconditioning exercise (phase B), and post-HIIT (phase C). Serum IGF-I was determined by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay.

Results: IGF-I was higher in LEX compared to SED at baseline (p?=?0.007, Cohen’s d?=?0.91), and phase B (p?=?0.083, Cohen’s d?=?0.59), with only a small difference at C (p?=?0.291, Cohen’s d?=?0.35). SED experienced a small increase in IGF-I following preconditioning from 13.1?±?4.7 to 14.2?±?6.0?μg·dl^?1 (p?=?0.376, Cohen’s d?=?0.22), followed by a larger increase post-HIIT (16.9?±?4.4?μg·dl^?1), which was significantly elevated compared with baseline (p?=?0.002, Cohen’s d?=?0.85), and post-preconditioning (p?=?0.005, Cohen’s d?=?0.51). LEX experienced a trivial changes in IGF-I from A to B (18.2?±?6.4 to 17.2?±?3.7?μg·dl^?1 [p?=?0.538, Cohen’s d?=?0.19]), and a small change post-HIIT (18.4?±?4.1?μg·dl^?1 [p?=?0.283, Cohen’s d?=?0.31]). Small increases were observed in fat-free mass in both groups following HIIT (p?d?=?0.32–0.45).

Conclusions: In conclusion, HIIT with preconditioning exercise abrogates the age associated difference in IGF-I between SED and LEX, and induces small improvements in fat-free mass in both SED and LEX.     

Positional information and preference aggregation

A new version of independence (I⁺) is proposed for social welfare functions based on the following notion of agreement. Two weak orders R and R’ on a finite set S agree on a pair {x,y}, denoted byif R|_{x,y} = R’|_{x,y} and [z R*x and z R*y for some z∈S] if and only if [z’ (R’)* x and z’(R’)*y for some z’∈S]. The last part says that x and y are strictly under z with respect to R exactly when x and y are strictly under z’ with respect to R’. Some examples and results on social welfare functions that satisfy (I⁺), Pareto, and nondictatorship are given.I am grateful for the comments and suggestions made by an anonymous referee on an earlier version of this paper.     

The number of weak orderings of a finite set

The number of Arrovian constitutions, when N agents are to rank n alternatives, is p(n) ^{p(n) N} , where p(n) is the number of weak orderings of n alternatives. For n≤15, p(n) is the nearest integer to n!/2(log2) ^{n +1}, the dominant term of a series derived by contour integration of the generating function. For large n, about n/17 additional terms in the series suffice to compute p(n) exactly. Received: 29 May 1995 / Accepted: 22 May 1997     

The inverse Banzhaf problem

Let ${\mathcal{F}}Let F{\mathcal{F}} be a family of subsets of the ground set [n] = {1, 2, . . . , n}. For each i ? [n]{i \in [n]} we let p(F,i){p(\mathcal{F},i)} be the number of pairs of subsets that differ in the element i and exactly one of them is in F{\mathcal{F}}. We interpret p(F,i){p(\mathcal{F},i)} as the influence of that element. The normalized Banzhaf vector of F{\mathcal{F}}, denoted B(F){B(\mathcal{F})}, is the vector (B(F,1),...,B(F,n)){(B(\mathcal{F},1),\dots,B(\mathcal{F},n))}, where B(F,i)=\fracp(F,i)p(F){B(\mathcal{F},i)=\frac{p(\mathcal{F},i)}{p(\mathcal{F})}} and p(F){p(\mathcal{F})} is the sum of all p(F,i){p(\mathcal{F},i)}. The Banzhaf vector has been studied in the context of measuring voting power in voting games as well as in Boolean circuit theory. In this paper we investigate which non-negative vectors of sum 1 can be closely approximated by Banzhaf vectors of simple voting games. In particular, we show that if a vector has most of its weight concentrated in k < n coordinates, then it must be essentially the Banzhaf vector of some simple voting game with n − k dummy voters.     

Aggregation of smooth preferences

Suppose p is a smooth preference profile (for a society, N) belonging to a domain P ^N . Let σ be a voting rule, and σ(p)(x) be the set of alternatives in the space, W, which is preferred to x. The equilibrium E(σ(p)) is the set {x∈W:σ(p)(x) is empty}. A sufficient condition for existence of E(σ(p)) when p is convex is that a “dual”, or generalized gradient, dσ(p)(x), is non-empty at all x. Under certain conditions the dual “field”, dσ(p), admits a “social gradient field”Γ(p). Γ is called an “aggregator” on the domain P ^N if Γ is continuous for all p in P ^N . It is shown here that the “minmax” voting rule, σ, admits an aggregator when P ^N is the set of smooth, convex preference profiles (on a compact, convex topological vector space, W) and P ^N is endowed with a C ¹-topology. An aggregator can also be constructed on a domain of smooth, non-convex preferences when W is the compact interval. The construction of an aggregator for a general political economy is also discussed. Some remarks are addressed to the relationship between these results and the Chichilnisky-Heal theorem on the non-existence of a preference aggregator when P ^N is not contractible. Received: 4 July 1995 / Accepted: 26 August 1996     

Risk in childhood family environments and loneliness in college students: Implications for health

Abstract

Objective: To investigate associations between risk in family environments and health-relevant outcomes in college and the role of loneliness. Participants: College students at a state university (N?=?360). Methods: We utilized linear regression to examine relationships between risk in family environments and loneliness, perceived stress, affect, and self-rated health. We tested for indirect effects of risk in family environments on outcomes through loneliness Results: Analyses showed that risk in family environments associated with loneliness (β?=?0.12 t[358]?=?2.22, p = .03, R² change = .02), perceived social stress (β?=?0.20, t[357]?=?3.88, p?<?0.001, R² change = .04), negative and positive affect (β?=?2.44, t[357]?=?3.95, p < .001, R² change = .04), and (β = –0.18 t[357]= –3.44, p = .001, R² change = .03 respectively), and self-rated health (β?=?0.19, t[359]?=?4.57, p < .001, R² change = .10). Significant indirect effects were observed for risk in early family on all outcomes through loneliness. Conclusion: These findings provide initial evidence that risk in childhood family environments may negatively affect health by increasing loneliness in college students.     

Acyclic sets of linear orders: A progress report

Let f(n) be the maximum cardinality of an acyclic set of linear orders on {1, 2, … , n}. It is known that f(3)=4, f(4)=9, f(5)=20, and that all maximum-cardinality acyclic sets for n≤ 5 are constructed by an “alternating scheme”. We outline a proof that this scheme is optimal for n=6, where f (6)=45. It is known for large n that f (n) >(2.17)ⁿ and that no maximum-cardinality acyclic set conforms to the alternating scheme. Ran Raz recently proved that f (n)<c ⁿ for some c>0 and all n. We conjecture that f (n + m)≤f (n + 1) f (m + 1) for n , m≥ 1, which would imply f (n)<(2.591)^{n − 2} for all large n. Received: 12 April 2000/Accepted: 4 December 2000     

BOOK REVIEWS

Young Workers from School to Work by D. N. Ashton and David Field. Discovering Suicide: Studies in the Social Organisation of Sudden Death by J. Maxwell Atkinson. Conflicts in the National Health Service by Keith Barnard and Kenneth Lee (eds.) Shop Stewards in Action: The Organization of Workplace Conflict and Accommodation by E. Batstone, I. Boraston and S. Frenkel Trade Unions and the Media by Peter Beharrell and Greg Philo (eds) Trade unionism in television by Peter Seglow The Worlds of Patrick Geddes: Biologist, Town Planner, Re-educator, Peace-warrior by Philip Boardman The Economic Identification of Social Classes by Guglielmo Carchedi Women Take Issue: Aspects Women's Subordination by Women's Studies Group, Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies The Images of Occupational Prestige by A. P. M. Coxon and C. L. Jones Churches and Churchgoers: Patterns of Church Growth in the British Isles Since 1700 by Robert Currie, Alan Gilbert and Lee Horsley The Nineteenth-Century Woman: Her Cultural and Physical World by Sara Delamont and Lorna Duffin (eds.) Economic Studies: Contributions to the Critique of Economic Theory by David P. Levine Family Formation in an Age of Nascent Capitalism by David Levine An Introduction to the Sociology of Rural Development by Norman Long Modern Greece: Facets of Underdevelopment by Nicos P. Mouzelis Putting ‘Reality’ Together: BBC News by Philip Schlesinger The Social and Political Thought of Herbert Spencer by David Wiltshire     

BRIEF REVIEWS

Abstract

THE POORHOUSE: AMERICA'S FORGOTTEN INSTITUTION. By David Wagner. Lanham, MD: Rowman &; Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2005. 177 pp. $60.00 (hard), $22.95 (paper). Reviewed by Eleanor Hannon Judah.

PARISH MINISTRY IN A HISPANIC COMMUNITY. By Charles W. Dahm, OP. New York/Mahwah NJ: Paulist Press, 2004. 296 pp. $22.95 (paper). Reviewed by Eleanor Hannon Judah

SPIRITUAL ASSESSMENT: HANDBOOK FOR HELPING PROFESSIONALS. By David R. Hodge. Botsford, CT: North American Association of Christians in Social Work, 2003. 121 pp. $18.00 (paper). Reviewed by Eleanor Hannon Judah.

SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE ACROSS DISABILITY. By Juliet C. Rothman, Boston, MA: Allyn &; Bacon, 2003. 346 pp. $52.20 (paper). Reviewed by Eleanor Hannon Judah.

SILENCE AND WITNESS: THE QUAKER TRADITION. By Michael L. Birkel. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2004. 164 pp. $16.00 (paper). Reviewed by Eleanor Hannon Judah.

JUSTICE: A GLOBAL ADVENTURE. By Walter J. Burghardt. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Press, 2004. 276 pp. $20.00 (paper). Reviewed by Eleanor Hannon Judah.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Environmental Sociology: Ewert , Alan , Deborah J. Chavez, and Arthur Magill (eds.). Culture, Conflict, and Communication in the Wildland-Urban Interface. Environmental Sociology: Baldwin , A. Dwight Jr ., Judith du Luce, and Carl Pletsch (eds.). Beyond Preservation: Restoring and Inventing Landscapes. Environmental Sociology: Duston , Thomas E. Recycling Solid Waste: The First Choice for Private and Public Sector Management. Environmental Sociology: O'Neill , John Francis . Ecology, Policy and Politics. Environmental Sociology: Bryant , Bunyan, and Paul Mohai (eds.). Race and the Incidence of Environmental Hazards: A Time for Discourse. Environmental Sociology: Peluso , Nancy Lee . Rich Forests, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java. Environmental Sociology: Ruttan , Vernon W. (ed.). Agriculture, Environment, and Health: Sustainable Development in the 21st Century. Rural Development: Cernea , Michael M. (ed.). Putting People First: Sociological Variables in Rural Development. Rural Development: Don Van Atta , (ed). The Farmer Threat: The Political Economy of Agrarian Reform in Post-Soviet Russia. Rural Development: El -Ghonemy , M. Riad . Land, Food and Rural Development in North Africa. Rural Development: Curran , James, and David Storey (eds.). Small Firms in Urban and Rural Locations. Rural Development: Melko , Matthew , Thomas E. Koebernick, and David Michael Orenstein . Millfield on Saturday: Searching for Community in a Metropolitan Village. Theory: Bailey , Kenneth D. Sociology and the New Systems Theory: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Environmental Issues: Bullard , Robert D. (ed.). Confronting Environmental Racism: Voices from the Grassroots. Environmental Issues: Szasz , Andrew . EcoPopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice. Environmental Issues: Cernea , Michael M., and Scott E. Guggenheim (eds.). Environmental Issues: Gedicks , Al . The New Resource Wars: Native and Environmental Struggles Against Multinational Corporations. Community and Agricultural Issues: Andreas , Carol . Meatpackers and Beef Barons: Company Town in a Global Economy. Community and Agricultural Issues: Bell , Michael Mayerfeld . Childerley: Nature and Morality in a Country Village. Community and Agricultural Issues: Critchfield , Richard . The Villagers: Changed Values, Altered Lives, The Closing of the Urban-Rural Gap. Community and Agricultural Issues: Bonanno , Alessandro , Lawrence Busch , William Friedland , Lourdes Gouveia, and Enzo Mingione (eds.). Community and Agricultural Issues: Walton , John . Western Times and Water Wars: State, Culture and Rebellion in California. Community and Agricultural Issues: Gasson , Ruth, and Andrew Errington . The Farm Family Business. Community and Agricultural Issues: Valle , Isabel . Fields of Toil: A Migrant Family's Journey. Community and Agricultural Issues: Lieber , Michael D. More Than a Living: Fishing and the Social Order on a Polynesian Atoll. Conflict and Social Change Series. Community and Agricultural Issues: Gist , Gladys Leffler . Chasing Rainbows. Life-Cycle and Education Issues: Conger , Rand D., and Glen H. Elder Jr . (eds.). Life-Cycle and Education Issues: Peterson , Steven A., and Robert J. Maiden . The Public Lives of Rural Older Americans. Life-Cycle and Education Issues: Brown , Philip, and Hugh Lauder (eds.).     

Rethinking industrial citizenship: the role and meaning of work in an age of austerity

T. H. Marshall in his famous tract Citizenship and Social Class wrote briefly about what he called ‘industrial citizenship’, a type of belonging rooted in the workplace. Here Marshall's ideas are developed alongside a consideration of Durkheim's Professional Ethics and Civic Morals together with research material from the Guinness Company. It shows the way the Company actively sought to create ‘Guinness citizenship’ within its London brewery. The article draws out the ways in which the significance and potential of work based citizenship for ameliorating the ills of industrial society are clearly articulated in mid‐twentieth century Britain and echo earlier neglected Durkheimian sociological ideas on work. These ideas have real potential to inform contemporary academic and policy debates about the nature of capitalism and the form and content of work now and in the future.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Suicides by Jean Baechler. Philosophical Disputes in the Social Sciences, by S. C. Brown (ed.) Social Research and Royal Commissions by M. Bulmer (ed.) Official Discourse by Frank Burton and Pat Carlen The View from Goffman by Jason Ditton (ed.) Greek Homosexuality by K. J. Dover The Sociology of Rock by Simon Frith Marx and Mead: Contributions to a Sociology of knowledge by T. W. Goff Crime and Conflict in English Communities, 1300–1348 by Barbara A. Hanawalt Demystifying Social Statistics, by John Irvine et al. (eds.) For Science in the Social Sciences, by David Papineau Marxism and Class Theory, by Frank Parkin The Material Word: Some Theories of Language and its Limits by David Silverman and Brian Torode Ethics and Society in England: The Revolution in the Social Sciences, 1870–1914 by Reba N. Softer Street Ethnography by Robert S. Weppner (ed.) On Clichés by Anton C. Zijderveld     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Abstract Demography: Jobes , Patrick C., William F. Stinner, and John M. Wardwell (eds.). Demography: Ross , John A., and Elizabeth Frankenberg . Findings from Two Decades of Family Planning Research. Demography: Bull , C. Neil (ed.). Aging in Rural America. Demography: Bollman , Ray D. (ed.). Rural and Small Town Canada. Demography: Swanson , Linda L., and David L. Brown (eds.). Rural History: Jones , Jacqueline . The Dispossessed: America's Underclass from the Civil War to Present. Rural History: Craig , Lee A. To Sow One Acre More: Childbearing and Farm Productivity in the Antebellum North. Rural History: Mc Donald , Roderick . The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana. Rural History: Morgan , Sharon . Land Settlement in Early Tasmania: Creating an Antipodean England. Gender Studies: White , Sarah . Arguing with the Crocodile: Gender and Class in Bangladesh. Gender Studies: King , Elizabeth M., and M. Anne Hill (eds.). Gender Studies: Kahne , Hilda, and Janet Z. Giele (eds.). Women's Work and Women's Lives: The Continuing Struggle Worldwde. Agriculture: Almås , Reidar . Norway's Gift to Europe: Fifteen Selected Essays on Rural Persistence and Change. Agriculture: Csaki , Csaba, and Yoav Kislev (eds.). Agricultural Cooperatives in Transition. Agriculture: Winson , Anthony . The Intimate Commodity: Food and the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Canada.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this articles: Radical Earnestness, English Social Theory 1880–1980 Fred Inglis, Martin Robertson That Noble Science of Politics S. Collini, D. Winch, J. Burrow The Analysis of Power: A Realist Approach Geoffrey Debnam War in the Modern Great Power System 1495–1975 Jack S. Levy Social Control and the State Stanley Cohen and Andrew Scull (eds) The Protection of Children: State Intervention and Family Life R. Dingwall, J. Eekelaar, T. Murray Capitalism, the State and Industrial Relations Dominic Strinati Mexico: Class Formation, Capital Accumulation, and the State James D. Cockcroft The Management of Scottish Society, 1707–1764 John Stuart Shaw Patronage, Power and Poverty in Southern Italy: A tale of two cities J. Chubb Black Gold: The Mozambican Miner, Proletarian and Peasant Ruth First Crime, Justice and Underdevelopment Colin Sumner (ed.) Power, Crime and Mystification Steven Box Marxism Structuralism Education Madan Sarup Family and School Daphne Johnson and Elizabeth Ransom Experiencing Comprehensive Education Robert G. Burgess Images of Welfare: Press and Public Attitudes to Poverty Peter Golding and Sue Middleton Youth and Leisure Kenneth Roberts The Traveller Gypsies Judith Okely Haruko's World; A Japanese Farm Woman and her Community Gail Lee Bernstein Women and the Public Sphere J. Siltanen and M. Stanworth Forever Feminine: Women's Magazines and the Cult of Femininity Marjorie Ferguson Writing and Sexual Difference Elizabeth Abel (ed.)     

Book reviews/Comptes rendus

Book reviewed in this article: RICHARD F. SALISBURY, A Homeland for the Cree: Regional Development in James Bay 1971–1981. ANTHONY JACKSON (ed.), Anthropology at Home FREDERIQUE APFFEL MARGLIN, Wives of the god-king: the rituals of the Devadasis of Puri. FERNAND DUMONT, sous la direction de, Une société des jeunes?. ROBERT A. STEBBINS, The Magician: Career, Culture, and Social Psychology in a Variety Art. PIERRE-ANDRÉ JULIEN et BERNARD MOREL, La belle entreprise: la revanche des PME en Trance et au Québec. WILLIAM PETERSON and RENEE PETERSON, Dictionary of Demography: Terms, Concepts and Institutions. PAULINE MARIE VAILLANCOURT, When Marxists Do Research. ANDREW J. WEIGERT, J. SMITH TEITGE and DENNIS w. TEITGE, Society and Identity: Towards a Sociological Psychology. BERNARD BARBER, The Logic and Limits of Trust. ANK KLOMP, Politics on Bonaire: An Anthropological Study. JOYCE ROTHSCHILD and J. ALLEN WHiTT, The Cooperative Workplace. MEIVYN DUBROFSKY (ed.), Technological Change and Workers' Movements. SONDRA FARGANIS, The Social Reconstruction of the Feminine Character. VOLKA MEJA, DIETER MISGELD, and NICO STEHR (eds.), Modern German Sociology. TIM INGOLD, Evolution and Social Life. CHAD GAFHELD, Language, Schooling, and Cultural Conflict: the Origins of the French-Language Controversy in Ontario.     

Generational Differences in Accounts of the Development of U.S. Cultural Sociology—Let Me Count the Ways: Response to Lizardo’s and Mische’s Comments

This essay provides a response to comments offered by Omar Lizardo (2011) and Ann Mische (2011) with reference to my piece “How Has Bourdieu Been Good to Think With? The Case of the United States” ( Lamont, 2011 ). All essays appear in this issue.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: School Life and Work Life: A Study of Transition in the Inner City by John Bazalgette Doing Sociological Research by Colin Bell and Howard Newby (eds.) The Perceptual World of the Child by Tom Bower Children's Drawings by Jacqueline Goodnow The First Relationship: Infant and Mother by Daniel Stern What is a Child? by Nicholas Tucker Newspaper History from the Seventeenth Century to the Present Day. by George Boyce, James Curran, and Pauline Wingate (eds.) Marx's Capital and Capitalism Today, Vol. 2 by Anthony Cutler, Barry Hindess, Paul Hirst and Athar Hussain. Women and Schooling by Rosemary Deem Contemporary Europe: Social Structures and Cultural Patterns by Salvador Giner and Margaret Scotford Archer (eds.) The Theory of Social Action: The Correspondence of Alfred Schutz and Talcott Parsons by Richard Grathoff (ed.) Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State, and Law and Order by Stuart Hall, Chas ditcher, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke and Brian Roberts Progress and its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth by Larry Laudan Privilege in the Soviet Union. A Study of Elite Life-Styles under Communism by Mervyn Matthews Privilege in the Soviet Union. A Study of Elite Life-Styles under Communism by Mervyn Matthews Class Struggle, The State and Medicine: An Historical and Contemporary Analysis of the Medical Sector in Great Britain by Vicente Navarro The Blue-Coated Worker by Robert Reiner Richard Titmuss, Welfare and Society by D. A. Reisman Power and the Curriculum: Issues in Curriculum Studies by Colin Richards (ed.) Education and the Political Order. Changing Patterns of Class Control by Ted Tapper and Brian Salter The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays by E. P. Thompson Experimentation in American Religion. The New Mysticisms and their Implications for the Churches by Robert Wuthnow     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Rural Labor: Kassab , Cathy . Income and Inequality: The Role of the Service Sector in the Changing Distribution of Income. Rural Labor: Singelmann , Joachim, and Forrest A. Deseran (eds.). Rural Labor: Linder , Marc . Migrant Workers and Minimum Wages: Regulating the Exploitation of Agricultural Labor in the United States. Rural Development: Lyson , Thomas, and William W. Falk (eds.). Forgotten Places: Uneven Development in Rural America. Rural Development: Brown , David L., Donald R. Field, and James J. Zuiches (eds.). Rural Development: Bodenstedt , A. Andreas , Stephan Merl, and Vladimir A. Nutrikhin (eds.). Rural Development: Bowler , I. R., C. R. Bryant, and M. D. Nellis (eds.). Contemporary Rural Systems in Transition: Volume 2. Economy and Society. Agriculture and Development: Bartra , Roger . Agrarian Structure and Political Power in Mexico Agriculture and Development: Park , Thomas K. (ed.). Risk and Tenure in Arid Lands: The Political Ecology of Development in the Senegal River Basin. Community: Lockyer Allan . Clamdiggers and Downeast Country Stores. Community: Gray , Ian . Politics in Place: Social Power Relations in an Australian Country Town. Community: Rapport , Nigel . Diverse World-Views in an English Village.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: World Inflation and the Developing Countries. By William R. Cline and associates Commodity Exports and Economic Development: The Commodity Problem and Policy in Developing Countries. By F.G. Adams and J.R. Behrman Real Aid: A Strategy for Britain. By Charles Elliott The Agrarian Question and Reformism in Latin America. By Alain de Janvry The World Bank and the Poor. By Aart van de Laar Multinational Corporations in the Political Economy of Kenya. By S.W. Langdon The Political Economy of Rural Development: Peasants, International Capital and the State. Edited by R.E. Galli Industrial Development and Migrant Labour. By Julian Laite Instability in Indian Agriculture in the Context of the New Technology. By Shakuntla Mehra Growth and Equity: Policies and Implementation in Indian Agriculture. By J.S. Sarma Bangladesh Development in Perspective. By Gilbert Etienne Sewing it Up — Coats Patons' Multinational Practices'. By Alan Sinclair About Understanding — Ideas and Observations on Cross-cultural Communication. By Andreas Fuglesang A New International Commodity Regime. Edited by Geoffrey Goodwin and James Mayall Commodities, Finance and Trade. Issues in North-South Negotiations. Edited by Arjun Sengupta The New Communist Third World. Edited by Peter Wiles Eastern Europe and The Third World. Edited by M. Radu