Working‐class movement and working‐class life : Frankfurt am Main during the Weimar Republic∗

Lynn Lees, Solidarities of Strangers :The English Poor Laws and the People, 1700–1948 (1998), xii + 373 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$64.95).

Tim Hitchcock, Peter King and Pamela Sharpe (eds), Chronicling Poverty: The Voices and Strategies of the English Poor, 1640–1840 (1997), xii + 248 (St Martin's Press, New York, $69.95).

Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XlXe‐XXe siècles) (1997), vii + 435 (Anthropos Historiques, Paris, 250FF). [Motherhood and Women's Rights in France in the 19th and 20th Centuries.]

Kathie Friedman Kasaba, Memories of Migration: Gender, Ethnicity, and Work in the Lives of Jewish and Italian Women in New York, 1870–1924 (1996), xii + 242 (State University of New York, Albany, $59.50, paperback $19.95).

Mary Buckley (ed.), Post‐Soviet Women: From the Baltic to Central Asia (1997), xvii + 316 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £50.00/$59.95, paperback £16.95/$22.95).

Sudhir Hazareesingh, From Subject to Citizen: The Second Empire and the Emergence of Modern French Democracy (1998), xiii + 393 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, £40.00/$55.00, paperback £14.95/$19.95).

David E. Barclay and Eric Weitz (eds), Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990 (1998), xi + 580 (Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford, $79.00/£55.00).

Manuel Frey, Der reinliche Biirger. Entstehung und Verbreitung bürgerticher Tugenden in Deutschland, 1760–1860 (1997), 406 (Vandenhoeck &; Ruprecht, Göttingen, DM98). [The Clean Bourgeois. The Creation and Dissemination of Middle Class Virtues in Germany, 1760–1860.]

Alon Confino, The Nation as Local Metaphor. Wurttemberg, Imperial Germany, and National Memory, 1871–1918 (1997), xiii + 280 (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, $19.95).

Wolfgang Behringer, Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria. Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe, trans. J. C. Grayson and David Lederer (I997), xxi + 476 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £50.00/$75.00).

Olaf Blaschke, Katholizismus mid Antisemitismus im Deutschen Kaiserreich (1997), 443 (Vandenhoeck &; Ruprecht, Göttingen, DM78).

Faith Wigzell, Reading Russian Fortunes: Print Culture, Gender, and Divination in Russia from 1765 (1998), xi + 250 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$64.95).

Sarah Davies, Popular Opinion in Stalin's Russia:Terror, Propaganda, and Dissent, 1934–1941 (1997), xix + 236 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$59.95, paperback , £11.95/$19.95).

Judith Pallot (ed.), Transforming Peasants: Society, State and the Peasantry, 1861–1930 (1998), xix + 264 (St Martin's Press, New York, $69.95).

Sheldon Garon, Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life (1997), xvii + 313 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $39.50/£30.50, paperback $15.95/£13.95).

Theodore Huters, R. Bin Wong and Pauline Yu (eds), Culture and State in Chinese Society: Conventions, Accommodations and Critiques, Irvine Studies in the Humanities (1997), x + 500 (Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, $65.00, paperback $24.95).

Cheryl Anne Cox, Household Interests: Property, Marriage Strategies, and Family Dynamics in Ancient Athens (1998), xx + 253 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $45.00/$33.95).     

Impact of Combat on the Mental Health and Well‐Being of Soldiers and Marines

This presentation introduces a summary of leading edge research and recommendations for a number of changes regarding mental health needs and services for Veterans. Those Veterans who experienced combat exposure and those who have perceived their leadership negatively have greater risks for developing subsequent PTSD. Research data provide support for the use of Battlemind Training as a useful approach to prevent mental health issues at all phases of the deployment cycle. The author also challenges the current use of DSM–IVTR diagnoses with combat Veterans.     

Decision Making in Evidence‐Based Practice: Science and Art

In this article the author reviews problems in the implementation of evidence‐based practices (EBP) and concludes that these derive not only from numerous practical concerns, but also from fundamental epistemological issues. These include an antiquated understanding of the scientific method, involving types of naive inductivism and rationalism. The central argument of this article is that recent developments in the field of naturalistic decision making provide a critical framework for understanding the problems in the implementation of EBP, as well as possible avenues for their resolution. Developments that are reviewed include the use of heuristics, decision trees, case‐based reasoning, as well as an example of a generalized model of expert decision making. Such models increasingly combine situational awareness with critical thinking and metacognitive capacities. They promise to more effectively focus the application of rational and empirical problem‐solving methods, such as EBP, on the most complex problems.     

University‐industry relationships in genetic research: Potential opportunities and pitfalls

Changes in the environment in which university research is conducted, in conjunction with the development of new research technologies such as biotechnology, are contributing to the proliferation and diversification of university‐industry relationships. This paper describes and documents university‐industry relationships in five categories: research contracts, technology transfer activities, consultancies, employment, and gifts. Special emphasis is given to biotechnology research relations. Conflicts that may arise from these relations are discussed and studies evaluating the potential impacts of university‐industry relationships are summarized. While wide‐spread abuse has not been reported, subtle changes in university research may be occurring. Using the University of Tennessee as a case study, the paper ends with a discussion of the difficulties of establishing guidelines and procedures to prevent and settle conflicts of interest that might result from university‐industry relationships.     

III. A comparison of hyperactive and non‐hyperactive problem children 1

This article has been retracted.     

History and the non‐profit sector: Parish pump meets global constellations

Abstract

The New Zealand leg of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project followed the parent study by including a substantial historical dimension. This paper reflects upon the role of history in a comparative, increasingly quantitative project which is itself a product of time and place. The historical synthesis that emerged drew upon numerous small, local studies to locate New Zealand within the wide‐ranging models of state/non‐profit sector relations generated by the Johns Hopkins study. At the same time, it attempted to tell a story to a local audience. The result was a productive tension between axes of analysis—the internationally comparative, across geographical boundaries, informed by detailed statistical analyses; and comparisons across time, where the focus was on that other “foreign country”, the past, and the research, of necessity, more qualitative and impressionistic.     

Smith College School for Social Work and Combat‐Related Trauma: Allegiance,Scholarship, and Commitment

The Smith College School for Social Work (SCSSW) was founded for the purpose of treating soldiers returning from World War I who suffered from shell shock, conditions that are now described as combat‐related trauma. As history evolved, America found itself embroiled in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and contemporary conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. With each conflict clinical social workers have played a pivotal role in the care of active‐duty soldiers and returning veterans. This article explores the School's historical contribution to the treatment of combat‐related trauma through its curriculum, theoretical perspectives, and endorsement of different treatment paradigms over the last century. The earlier decades and Vietnam–era time involvement of the SCSSW in clinical social work practice with service members and their families is of particular interest. Specific recommendations are offered to the School that may benefit those practitioners entering the field of combat‐related trauma.     

Edward Thompson's contribution to eighteenth‐century studies. The patrician‐plebeian model re‐examined

Mark Colvin, Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs: Social Theory and the History of Punishment in Nineteenth‐Century America (1997), x + 294 (St Martin's Press, New York, £35.00/$45.00).

Alex Lichtenstein, Twice the Work of Free Labor:The Political Economy of Convict Labor in the New South (1996), xix + 264 (Verso, London and New York, £39–95/$65–00, paperback £13.95/$19–00).

Adele Lindenmeyr, Poverty is Not a Vice: Charity, Society and the State in Imperial Russia (1996), xiv + 335 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, £35.00/$49.50).

Hew Strachan, The Politics of the British Army (1997), 328 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, £30.00/$55.00).

Philippe Minard, La fortune du colbertisme: Etat et industrie dans la France des Lumières (1998), 505 (Fayard, Paris, 160 FF). [Colbert's Legacy: State and Industry in Enlightenment France.]

William Doyle, Venality: The Sale of Offices in Eighteenth‐Century France (1996), xvii + 343 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £45.00/$85.00).

Alan Forrest, The Revolution in Provincial France: Aquitaine 1789–1799 (1996), vi + 377 (Clarendon Press, Oxford and New York, £45.00/$85.00).

Vanessa R. Schwartz, Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in Fin‐de‐Siècle Paris (1998), xiii + 230 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $35.00).