A Public Health Approach to Safeguarding in the 21st Century

Recent government policy has focused on the provision of a safe environment for all children. Parenting support is increasingly being recognised as a core method of safeguarding children, and this is of particular importance, given the widespread prevalence of maltreatment and poor parenting practices, the overwhelming number of child protection referrals and the inherent flaws in risk assessment. Until recently, there was no formulation of an overall model of practice based on these changes. In this paper, we present compelling reasons for believing that a public health approach to safeguarding is the only way of ensuring that all children are protected within a population, including children at high risk. The rationale for the delivery of such a model is presented alongside the application of one such evidence‐based population‐level strategy, which has been demonstrated to reduce population‐level indicators of maltreatment. Novel approaches to the delivery of parenting interventions including media‐based strategies are discussed in terms of their potential for reaching families who may be missed by traditional services. The economic aspects of a public health model are discussed, and their relevance for middle‐ and low‐income countries. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Citing Literature

Number of times cited: 23

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Volume 20 , Issue 4 July/August 2011

Pages 238-255     

Club Drug Use,Sexual Behavior,and HIV Risk Among Community and Internet Samples of Hispanic MSM: Implications for Clinicians

ABSTRACT

Hispanic men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of HIV infection. This study reports on the club drug use and sexual behaviors of two distinct samples (community and Internet) of Hispanic MSM living in the AIDS epicenter of Miami-Dade County. Both samples reported high rates of unprotected anal sex and high numbers of sex partners; rates of club drug use (cocaine, ecstasy, methamphetamines, GHB, amyl nitrites, and Viagra) were also high. Recent use of club drugs was associated with both unprotected receptive and insertive anal sex in the Internet sample, but not in the community sample. Implications for social work practice are discussed.     

Multiple-Family Groups: Practice Implications for the 21st Century

ABSTRACT

Multiple-Family Groups have been utilized in a variety of settings for almost fifty years in this country. This unique practice approach has undergone many changes and refinements during this period of development. The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide readers with a delineation of the current practice implications of this treatment modality. The history of Multiple-Family Groups (MFG) will be reviewed to provide a historical framework for an increased understanding of its current usages. In addition, new directions for research and further refinement of this practice model will be outlined for clinical practitioners.     

Tomorrow's Most Challenging Practice Issues: 21st Century Surprises

Sociological practice may differ in the foreseeable future more in kind than merely in degree, so great are the changes likely in social realities. Surprises can be expected from the widespread use of the Internet, the arrival of voice-activated/voice-responsive informatics equipment, the rewards of data warehousing and data mining, conversion to a cashless society, the employ of virtual reality options, and the extraordinary advent of personal Intelligent Agents. A case study of the informatics possibilities for organized labor is offered, to better illustrate ways in which sociological practitioners can help clients prepare for the Age of Informatics. Finally, those busy striving to upgrade practice are urged to emphasize preparation for surprises.     

Providing HIV Education and Outreach via Internet Chat Rooms to Men who Have Sex with Men

Abstract

This article describes a pilot project that provided Internet-based outreach and HIV educational information to Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). The project provided services via chat rooms designated for MSM who meet there anonymously for sexual encounters. Services were designed to support behavior changes as well as serving a gateway function for additional services at the host agency. The experiences of the project suggest that the target population may engage in high-risk sexual activity more than what was initially assumed; and that Internet outreach provides a relevant means of conducting outreach to this group.     

Listening Education in the 21st Century

The 1999 tragic shootings at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, served as a wake-up call for Americans that we need to listen to our teenagers. How unfortunate it is that it takes a tragedy to reawaken educational interest in listening as a crucial component of human communication behavior. As we enter the 21^st Century, this article re-emphasizes the crucial role listening plays in human communication.     

Racist Nativism in the 21st Century

Since the 1960s, academia and the public have frequently used racism as the catch‐all phrase to explain any racial or ethnic injustice identified in America. However, are the disparities domestic minorities face the same as those faced by immigrant minorities? For example, journalists have suggested that the various state immigration policies targeting Hispanic immigrants in the United States recently are as racist as the Jim Crow laws enacted decades ago. In this essay, I contend that while nativism and racism are kissing cousins, distinguishing and using these concepts may lend to more precise explanations of the issues many racial and ethnic minorities face who exist outside of the Black–White dichotomy that has traditionally characterized United States. To untangle these terms, I review recent scholarship to provide up‐to‐date definitions, as well as reintroduce the concept of ‘racist nativism’ to better explain the variability that characterizes racial or ethnic prejudice and discrimination in 21st century America.     

21世纪生物技术

二十一世纪将是生物学的世纪,毫无疑义,生物技术将给人们的生活带来革命性的变化.在世界范围内,生物技术产业将成为一个支柱产业,有关专家预测,在二十一世纪,生物技术产品在国际贸易中将占有显著的份额,生物技术的总体水平将成为反映一个国家综合国力的重要指标.生物技术已在农业、医药、环保以及自然资源等方面得到应用,成果显著,预计未来将会起着重大的作用.     

Child welfare in the 21st Century

Social workers, child welfare professionals, and the public face major challenges in the 21st century. This article examines the responsibilities of all three groups as they each seek to address the needs of at-risk children and their families. Nothing places greater moral and economic demands on all three groups than the urgent need to reduce poverty in our society, especially among families with children. Making a professional commitment to an all-out assault on poverty is seen as necessary if the public and their elected representatives are ever to do so.     

Interventions to Developing Community Partnerships for HIV Prevention Planning

Abstract

Since 1985 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have entered into a series of cooperative agreements with the states and territories of the United States to fund human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention activities. In 1994, the CDC mandate shifted from using a central entity to plan HIV prevention programs throughout its jurisdictions to fostering partnerships among a central state or territorial agency, health departments in local counties, and community-based organizations. This article discusses and applies a model developed by social workers to facilitate HIV prevention community planning at the local level. The model used to facilitate community planning emphasizes the use of the social principles of empowerment, self-determination, ownership, and inclusion to foster the development of community-relevant HIV prevention plans. This approach resulted in the completion of a successful HIV prevention plan, and application for continuing and supplemental funds ($6.6 million and $1.2 million respectively) from the CDC for HIV prevention efforts, the continued use of the model in HIV prevention planning, and the ability to use the principles of the model as a basis for providing future technical assistance in community planning.     

Chinese Parents’ Perspectives on Adolescent Sexuality Education

ABSTRACT

There is growing interest in China to understand how young people learn about sexuality, but there are few existing studies about the role of parents as sex educators of their children. This study surveyed 694 Chinese parents of adolescents in three cities about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexuality education for their children. The majority supported sexuality education, yet few parents had provided it. High-income parents had more favorable sexual attitudes and, in turn, were more likely to educate children about sexuality. The findings provide insight into parents’ role in adolescents’ sexual behavior and can be useful to sexuality education professionals.     

Social Work in the 21st Century: Training Units of Practice for Technique Implementation

THE NEW TEMPERANCE: THE AMERICAN OBSESSION WITH SIN AND VICE. David Wagner. Boulder, Colorado: West-view Press, 1997, 226 pp., paperback. Reviewed by Marcia Bok.

ALLYN &; BACON QUICK GUIDE TO THE INTERNET FOR SOCIAL WORK. Joanne Jaffe. Boston: Allyn &; Bacon, 1998, 147 pp. (free supplement to many major social work texts in social work HBSE, policy, and research), paperback. Reviewed by David C. Prichard.     

Black Violence and Crime in the 21st Century

Abstract

Although a number of perspectives have been represented as frameworks for analyzing crime and violence perpetuated by African Americans, no analysis can replace a socio-historical perspective. By carefully studying the works of W.E.B. Du Bois a sharper analysis of black crime and violence can be clearly delineated.     

Karen Horney and Psychotherapy in the 21st Century

Many ideas currently circulating in the psychological and psychoanalytic communities have correspondence with the theories put forth by Karen Horney during the first half of the twentieth century. This paper provides an overview of Horney’s theoretical departures from Freud and an introduction to her then controversial views of motivation and relationship. Compatibility between Horney’s ideas and attachment theory, self-psychology, intersubjectivity, and the person in the environment is discussed. Two clinical cases are presented, illustrating Horney’s theory and approach. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2004 National Meeting of the Committee on Psychoanalysis of the Federation of Societies for Clinical Social Work in New York.     

An ethnography of HIV/AIDS and sexuality in the People's Republic of China

China's HIV epidemic is now a growing reality, yet there is virtually no evidence of it in the HIV/AIDS literature. This report documents ethnographic and epidemiologic findings from field visits conducted in Beijing, Chengdu, and Kunming; the latter in Yunnan province, site of China's most severe nidus of HIV infection. This report also elaborates those cultural, social, and political factors involved in China's attempt to manage its growing HIV epidemic. Contemporary attitudes toward sexuality in China which impinge upon such management, as revealed through ethnographic interviews, are reviewed. Data from the First Sino‐American Management of HIV Disease Symposium (to which the author was a delegate) are also blended with the ethnographic material to further clarify the cultural and epidemiologic status of HIV/AIDS in China. It is the conclusion of this report that HIV/AIDS and its management pose a transforming, ineluctable challenge to China's traditional attitudes toward sexuality.     

Transferring a University-Led HIV/AIDS Prevention Initiative to a Community Agency

Summary

Given the urgent need for HIV/AIDS interventions that will reverse current infection trends among urban minority youth, identifying effective and socially relevant approaches is of primary concern. HIV/AIDS prevention initiatives that are housed in, and led by, communities may address the limits of laboratory-based inquiry for this complex and socially-situated health issue. In this article, we describe the process of moving a researcherled, HIV/AIDS prevention research program—the Collaborative HIV/AIDS Adolescent Mental Health Project (CHAMP)—from a university laboratory to a community mental health agency with the goal of strengthening program access, effectiveness, and sustainability over time. We outline the framework, timeline, and responsibilities involved in moving the program, research, and technology from its original university base to a local community agency. From the challenges faced and lessons learned during this complex transfer process, we hope to enhance understanding of ways in which we can narrow the gap between academic and community leadership of HIV/AIDS prevention research.     

Remarriage and Stepfamilies: Strategic Sites for Family Scholarship in the 21st Century

This article reviews areas of advancement over the past decade in our understanding of remarriage and stepfamilies and suggests promising new directions for future work. Profound shifts in the demographic context of family life motivate central themes in recent scholarship on remarriage and stepfamilies, including the diversity and complexity of stepfamily structures and processes, the consequences of multiple partnerships for adults and children, and potential selectivity in the characteristics of individuals entering remarried families and stepfamilies. Despite challenges to further progress, I argue that remarriage and stepfamilies offer strategic opportunities to investigate many core concerns of family scholars.