Preservation Education for the Next Generation

Students participate in historic preservation projects that fall along a continuum of student participation. Adults and students need to work to push more projects to be student led rather than students working for adults. A variety of example projects are presented and show how they fall on the continuum. In addition, an example of projects that resulted in being demolished is provided to show what happens when students and adults do not work effectively together.     

A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of the Premarital Assessment Program for Premarital Counselling

The Premarital Assessment Program for premarital counselling (Buckner & Salts, 1985) was implemented to evaluate its potential for enhancing positive growth with premarital individuals. Twenty-one engaged couples were assigned to one of three groups, an experimental group that received the Premarital Assessment Program (PAP), an experimental group that received segments of the Couples Communication Program combined with a modified Premarital Assessment Program (CCPAP), or to a control group that received no treatment. Prior to the treatment period all individuals were administered a pretest which contained demographic questions, the Marital Communication Inventory (MCI), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Following the treatment, all individuals were administered a post-test containing the MCI, DAS, and an open-ended question pertaining to their treatment experience. Both treatment groups showed improvement on the DAS total score and one of its subscales compared to the control group, although this change only reached statistical significance between the CCPAP group and the control groups. Further assessment is needed of the value of communication training in premarital counselling.     

Parental Divorce and Premarital Couples: Commitment and Other Relationship Characteristics

Parental divorce is thought to affect the romantic relationships of young adults, especially with respect to their certainty about the relationship and perceptions of problems in it. We examined these connections with a random sample of 464 coupled partners. Compared with women from intact families, women from divorced families reported less trust and satisfaction, but more ambivalence and conflict. For men, perceptions of relationships were contingent on the marital status of their partners' parents, although men from intact and divorced families did differ on structural constraints that affect commitment. Young adults who were casually dating showed the strongest effects of parental divorce, suggesting that the repercussions of parental divorce may be in place before the young adults form their own romantic relationships.     

Enhancing Wellbeing in Social Work Students: Building Resilience in the Next Generation

The need for social workers to be resilient is widely emphasised. Although enhancing resilience in social work trainees presents a challenge to educators, they are nonetheless responsible for developing professionals who are able to cope with the emotional demands of the job. This paper argues that building resilience in the future workforce should be a key element of social work education. However, as little is known about the competencies and support structures that underpin resilience or the extent to which resilience protects the wellbeing of trainees, an evidence-based approach is required to inform curriculum development.

Recent research conducted by the authors of this paper has highlighted the protective nature of resilience in social work trainees. Emotional intelligence and associated competencies, such as reflective ability, aspects of empathy and social confidence, were found to be key predictors of this important quality. The important role played by social support from various sources was also emphasised. The present paper summarises this research, and presents interventions based on the findings that have the potential to promote resilience and wellbeing in social work trainees. Also considered are ways in which the curriculum might be further enhanced to provide trainees with an internal ‘tool-box’ of strategies that will help them manage their wellbeing more effectively in their future career.     

Premarital Sex,Premarital Cohabitation,and the Risk of Subsequent Marital Dissolution Among Women

Using nationally representative data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, I estimate the association between intimate premarital relationships (premarital sex and premarital cohabitation) and subsequent marital dissolution. I extend previous research by considering relationship histories pertaining to both premarital sex and premarital cohabitation. I find that premarital sex or premarital cohabitation that is limited to a woman's husband is not associated with an elevated risk of marital disruption. However, women who have more than one intimate premarital relationship have an increased risk of marital dissolution. These results suggest that neither premarital sex nor premarital cohabitation by itself indicate either preexisting characteristics or subsequent relationship environments that weaken marriages. Indeed, the findings are consistent with the notion that premarital sex and cohabitation limited to one's future spouse has become part of the normal courtship process for marriage.     

Premarital sexual standards for different categories of individuals

A survey study of 666 undergraduate students was conducted to examine how standards for a target depend on the target's personal relevance, gender, and age. Whether male and female students have different sexual attitudes was also examined. Respondents were randomly assigned to complete a sexual permissive scale for one type of target. No evidence was found for a double standard, but age and personal relevance of the target affected the standards endorsed. Less permissiveness was endorsed for younger targets and targets who were “personal” (e.g., “sister” or “brother”) to the respondent. Furthermore, female respondents were less permissive than male respondents. Whether this gender difference reflects women's greater sexual conservatism or women's lack of power in the social structure is also discussed.     

Will It Be Silence and Violence or Safety and Prevention for the Next Generation of Gay Youth?

Rates of unprotected anal intercourse and HIV infection are alarmingly high among young gay males. This second wave of infection indicates that traditional models for AIDS education are not working. AIDS educators need to rethink HIV-prevention efforts. Studies consistently find a high level of knowledge about HIV transmission and high levels of commitment to safer sex among gay males, but what accounts for the breakdown between safer sex intentions and practices among them? This article employs social constructionist and queer theoretical assertions that sexuality is socially and culturally produced in complicated and pluralist ways. The analysis examines how risky sexual situations shape young gay males' sexualities by exploring two examples selected to represent, alternatively, models of safer sexual and unsafe sexual trajectories. Implications for HIV prevention practices and policies are discussed.     

Internships for Future Faculty: Meeting the Career Goals of the Next Generation of Educators in Marriage and Family Therapy

A key component of a doctoral education in marriage and family therapy (MFT) is the completion of an internship. Virtually all MFT doctoral internships are focused on advanced clinical practice and often are located in agencies unconnected with an academic setting. This article describes an MFT doctoral internship specifically designed to foster the skills needed as a faculty member. The primary purpose of this future faculty internship is to expose doctoral interns to faculty life, including participation in graduate teaching, clinical supervision, research, and faculty service—while still meeting typical clinical requirements. Results of semistructured qualitative interviews with five doctoral interns associated with the site are reported. Guidelines for the development of other doctoral internships designed for future MFT faculty members are discussed.     

Career Services Imperatives for the Next Millennium

This thought-piece reaffirms and updates the 10 “Imperatives for the 90s” articulated in a 1993 issue of The Jossey-Bass New Directions for Student Services Series titled The Changing Hole of Career Services (J. R. Rayman, 1993). In that volume (No. G2), 10 imperatives for the 90s specific to career services in colleges and universities were identified. Some of the issues that seemed critical then remain critical today. Others have been partially resolved and still others have taken on even more importance and urgency. This article reaffirms those 10 imperatives, provides additional support for their legitimacy, and offers speculations about the future.     

Relevance,Vision, and Career Development: Thinking About the Next Generation of Professionals in Sociology

The commentary seeks to differentiate sociology as a discipline and as a profession. The concepts of relevance, vision, and professional development are suggested as necessary building blocks to more intentionally develop the profession of sociology. Finally, a program of local professional development is offered as a step in positively influencing the next generation of practicing sociologists.     

Premarital Cohabitation and the Timing of First Marriage*

L'engouement soudain et récent à l'égard de l'union libre avant le mariage au Canada et dans les pays occidentaux industrialisés est un phénomène sans précédent. Cet article étudie le rôle de l'union de fait en tant qu'élément déterminant de la transition vers un premier mariage. Les données historiques de l'Enquête sociale générale de 1990 ont révélé que l'union de fait retarde le moment du premier mariage d'environ 26% chez les femmes et de 19% chez les hommes. Cette caractéristique reste importante et signifiante après correction du facteur de sélectivité relative à l'union de fait. L'analyse prouve également qu'il existe un phénomène d'autosélection en faveur de l'union de fait. Il semble que l'expérience de l'union libre en tant que telle influe sur les attitudes des individus à l'égard du mariage et diminue leur propension à se marier. The recent surge in premarital cohabitation in Canada and other Western industrial countries is unprecedented. This paper examines the role of cohabitational experiences as a determinant of the transition to first marriage. Using union history data from the 1990 General Social Survey, I find that cohabitational experiences delay the timing of first marriage by about 26% for women and 19% for men. This effect remains substantial and significant after I correct for the selectivity of cohabitation. The analysis also reveals evidence of selection into cohabitation. It appears that the experience of cohabiting itself affects the attitudes of individuals toward marriage and decreases their propensity to marry.     

A Model of Heterosexual Adaptive Relationship Functioning in South Africa: Implications for HIV Prevention Interventions

Abstract

Objectives: Couple-based HIV prevention efforts are an important HIV prevention strategy in South Africa but there is a lack of understanding as to what constitutes healthy relationships in South African sociodisadvantaged communities. Methods: To address this, 8 focus group discussions were conducted with 27 men and 23 Black African women living in a large disadvantaged community in Cape Town, South Africa. Results: A model of adaptive relationship functioning is put forth, which involves four primary relationship components that emerged as central to healthy relationships: active relationship building, emotional support/display, communication, and problem-solving. Conclusions: The results of this study can inform couple-based HIV prevention efforts.     

“面向未来30年的上海”发展战略研讨会综述

未来30年,全球化进程仍将深化,并表现出"平衡化"和"区域化"的趋势;世界权力重心必将东移,并更多地向城市或城市群层面扩散;城市生态问题将更加突出,城市间共同治理环境的需求将进一步增强。在全球战略环境发展大势下,上海大都市圈在中国的地位和作用将更加突出。这就要求上海在未来城市发展中紧密结合全国发展大局,强化与周边区域发展的协同性,依靠率先改革的驱动力,形成互动式的城市治理模式、独特性的产业发展战略、符合全球化规律的开放格局。     

Development of an evaluation framework for publicly funded R&D projects: The case of Korea's Next Generation Network

For decades, efforts have been made globally to measure the performance of large-scale public projects and to develop a framework to perform such measurements due to the complexity and dynamics of R&D and stakeholder interests. Still, limitations such as the use of a simply modified model and the lack of a comprehensive viewpoint are prevalent in existing approaches. In light of these research gaps, this study suggests a practical model to evaluate the performance of large-scale and publicly funded projects. The proposed model suggests a standard matrix framework of indices that evaluates the performance of particular elements in an industrial ecosystem in vertical categories and the economic and technological outcomes of those elements in horizontal categories. Based on the application of a balanced scorecard, this study uses mixed methodologies such as social network analysis, inter-industry analysis, and the analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the model evaluates the performance of Korea's Next Generation Network project as a case study.     

Revising and updating the inventory of cross-cultural sensitivity

The following article outlines research conducted to examine cross-cultural sensitivity in a sample of 949 incoming university students in the USA. The study was conducted during the process of updating an existing measure of cross-cultural sensitivity known as the Inventory of Cross-Cultural Sensitivity (ICCS), and to examine the various levels of understanding among the students. Additionally, data were gathered to determine whether there was any relationship between the results and the demographic factors commonly cited in the literature. Results of the study indicate that the updated version of the ICCS, the ICCSv2, is a more robust and reliable measure of intercultural sensitivity for a specific group of freshmen students. Recommendations are made for future research.     

Recruiting Participants for Community Practice Interventions

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on recruiting participants for community practice interventions. We begin by presenting a case study of the recruitment methods used in a community-based development effort in the southeastern United States. In the next sections, we review some key issues in recruitment as discussed in the community practice and social movement literatures, and use them to reflect upon the case study. In the final section, we try to make social movement theory more accessible to community practitioners by developing a set of principles for use in recruitment.     

Changes following Premarital Education for Couples with Differing Degrees of Future Marital Risk

The present study explored changes in individuals' relationship cognitions and behaviors following premarital education for couples with different risk profiles. The sample consisted of 63 couples who completed the PREPARE program and were classified for future marital risk based on dyadic information. A significant interaction effect was found between risk and time, with individuals in relationships classified as high risk exhibiting greater change at 4 weeks postprogram compared to low‐risk individuals. Perceived helpfulness of topics also varied by couple type. Findings provide support for adapting premarital education programs for high‐risk couples and offer clinicians and educators specific insights for areas of emphasis when working with different types of couples.     

Premarital Living Arrangements and the Transition to First Marriage in Japan

This article evaluates the relevance of a popular emphasis on the benefits of extended coresidence with parents as an explanation for the trend toward later marriage in Japan. Estimating hazard models for the transition to first marriage separately by gender, living arrangements, and birth cohort, I find that the trend toward later marriage is indeed more pronounced among young men and women living with parents. Conditional on coresidence, however, there is little evidence that access to parental provision of financial resources and domestic services is negatively associated with marriage. I suggest alternative scenarios in which parental resources may contribute to later marriage by facilitating children's independence rather than by keeping them at home.     

Revising the South Oaks Gambling Screen in different settings

The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a validated, reliable instrument for detecting gambling problems, and the South Oaks Leisure Activities Screen (SOLAS), a companion screening tool for use with significant others, have been employed in a variety of settings and in several languages. This paper focuses on adapting the SOGS for use in various cultures and localities, discusses the authors' 1992 revision of the SOGS, and includes both the revised SOGS and the SOLAS.