A deprivation-based axiomatic characterization of the absolute Bonferroni index of inequality

We investigate several properties of the Bonferroni inequality index, including its welfare theoretic interpretation. We also interpret and characterize the absolute Bonferroni index as the average of subgroup average depression indices, where to each income we associate a subgroup containing all persons whose incomes are not higher than this income. An aggregate depression index for a subgroup has been derived axiomatically as the sum of gaps between the subgroup highest income and all incomes not higher than that.      

Joint control and the generalization of selection-based verbal behavior

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - Although the acquisition of selection-based verbal behavior can be ascribed to the acquisition of a conditional discrimination, such an account cannot explain any...     

Generative strategies and teaching for generalization

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior -     

A generalization of Petersen's typology of migration

A typology of migration is presented that extends the one originally developed by William Petersen, which was based on ecological push, migration policy, people's aspirations, and social momentum. The proposed typology considers both the migrant's state of mind and two points in time. Examples of 36 migrant types are provided using data for Canada and selected other countries. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)     

Measurement of inequality: An attempt at unification and generalization

This paper reviews and extends the theory of ethical inequality indices. It presents a novel axiom (strict separability of social welfare orderings in rank-ordered subspaces). This axiom allows to provide joint characterizations of the most important inequality measures (Atkinson family, Kolm-Pollak family and Generalized Ginis) and of some new more general classes of indices. The whole derivation is based on weak assumptions. In an ordinal framework only continuity of the underlying ordering is required and no cardinal properties are employed.I thank two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions.     

Nonconscious processing of sexual information: a generalization to women

Sexually competent stimuli may nonconsciously activate sexual memory and set up sexual responding. In men, subliminally presented sexual pictures facilitated recognition of sexual information. The goal of the two experiments reported here was to investigate to what extent this result can be generalized to women. A direct replication in women failed in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, besides the male-oriented sexual picture set, pictures of two other sets were presented: female-oriented sexual pictures and baby pictures. Effects of the menstrual cycle were also examined. In Experiment 2 only male-oriented pictures showed a facilitation effect. Sensitivity for reproductive stimuli was enhanced during the midluteal phase. Like men, women may nonconsciously recognize a stimulus as sexual. This recognition process seems unrelated to the potential of the stimulus to elicit subjective arousal.     

Nonconscious processing of sexual information: A generalization to women

Sexually competent stimuli may nonconsciously activate sexual memory and set up sexual responding. In men, subliminally presented sexual pictures facilitated recognition of sexual information (Spiering, Everaerd, & Janssen, 2003). The goal of the two experiments reported here was to investigate to what extent this result can be generalized to women. A direct replication in women failed in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, besides the male‐oriented sexual picture set, pictures of two other sets were presented: female‐oriented sexual pictures and baby pictures. Effects of the menstrual cycle were also examined. In Experiment 2, only male‐oriented pictures showed a facilitation effect. Sensitivity for reproductive stimuli was enhanced during the midluteal phase. Like men, women may nonconsciously recognize a stimulus as sexual. This recognition process seems unrelated to the potential of the stimulus to elicit subjective arousal.     

Inequality decomposition values: the trade-off between marginality and efficiency

This paper presents a general procedure for decomposing income inequality measures by income sources. The methods of decomposition proposed are based on the Shapley value and extensions of the Shapley value of transferable utility cooperative games. In particular, we find that Owen’s value can find an interesting application in this context.We show that the axiomatization by the potential of Hart and Mas-Colell remains valid in the presence of the domain restriction of inequality indices. We also examine the properties of these decomposition rules and perform a comparison with Shorrocks’ decomposition rule properties.     

From locality to continent: A comment on the generalization of an experimental study

Kocher et al. (2008) find that conditional willingness to contribute to a public good is considerably stronger at a U.S. research site, Appalachian State University, than at sites in Europe and Asia. I find that the willingness at Brown University, in Rhode Island, is not significantly different from that in Europe and Asia in Kocher et al. (2008). Clear evidence on significantly different demographic statistics between these two U.S. research sites is provided. This implies that in the experimental study of societies, or more generally in empirical studies, we need exercise care to generalize from results at a specific research site to geographically broader conclusions.     

Stimulus equivalence, generalization, and contextual stimulus control in verbal classes

Stimulus generalization and contextual control affect the development of equivalence classes. Experiment 1 demonstrated primary stimulus generalization from the members of trained equivalence classes. Adults were taught to match six spoken Icelandic nouns and corresponding printed words and pictures to one another in computerized three-choice matching-to-sample tasks. Tests confirmed that six equivalence classes had formed. Without further training, plural forms of the stimuli were presented in tests for all matching performances. All participants demonstrated virtually errorless performances. In Experiment 2, classifications of the nouns used in Experiment 1 were brought under contextual control. Three nouns were feminine and three were masculine. The match-to-sample training taught participants to select a comparison of the same number as the sample (i.e., singular or plural) in the presence of contextual stimulus A regardless of noun gender. Concurrently, in the presence of contextual stimulus B, participants were taught to select a comparison of the same gender as the sample (i.e., feminine or masculine), regardless of number. Generalization was assessed using a card-sorting test. All participants eventually sorted the cards correctly into gender and number stimulus classes. When printed words used in training were replaced by their picture equivalents, participants demonstrated almost errorless performances.     

A Shapley-based decomposition of the R-Square of a linear regression

This note suggests a new way of determining the exact contributions of the explanatory variables to the R-Square of a linear regression. The proposed methodology combines the so-called Shapley approach (Chantreuil and Trannoy, Inequality decomposition values: the trade-off between marginality and consistency. THEMA Discussion Paper, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, France 1999; Shorrocks, Decomposition Procedures for Distributional Analysis: A Unified Framework Based on the Shapley Value (mimeo), University of Essex, 1999) with the Fields (Res. Labor Econ., 22:1–38, 2003) decomposition.      

A new look at clustering coefficients with generalization to weighted and multi-faction networks

In this paper we propose a new method for studying local and global clustering in networks employing random walk pairs. The method is intuitive and directly generalizes standard local and global clustering coefficients to weighted networks and networks containing nodes of multiple types. In the case of two-mode networks the values obtained for commonly considered social networks are in sharp contrast to those obtained, for instance, by the method of Opsahl (2013), and provide a different viewpoint for clustering. The approach is also applicable in questions related to the general study of segregation and homophily. Applications to existent data sets are considered.     

Intersecting generalized Lorenz curves and the Gini index

As is well known, the use of the Gini coefficient in comparisons is inconsistent with an utilitarian approach. This paper analyzes the Gini coefficient's normative significance in welfare comparisons evaluating income distributions according to Yaari dual social welfare function. When generalized Lorenz curves cross once, the Gini coefficient is decisive in determining welfare rankings if we strengthen the Principle of Transfers applying a Positional version of the Principle of Transfer Sensitivity. This result can also be extended to the case of multiple crossings. Received: 28 August 1996 / Accepted: 22 October 1997     

欢盟基金工具对长三角泛化后经济合作的启示

近年来,在长三角地区城市群泛化的趋势下,区域内城市一体化发展遇到了前所未有的挑战。城市间群散性倾向进一步扩大;多层治理模式的发展滞后于区域一体化发展;有利益冲突的城市合作项目难以得到实质性推进。借鉴基金工具在欧盟区域政策实施中所发挥的作用,其给予我们的启示是：以基金工具为调节手段,使区域政策目标更趋于聚集;以基金工具为连接纽带,使区域合作主体间形成更紧密的制度安排;以基金工具为执行保障使合作项目的设立、实施更有效率。     

Index-number tests and the common-scaling social cost-of-living index

For a change in prices, the common-scaling social cost-of-living index is the equal scaling of each individual’s expenditure level needed to restore the level of social welfare to its pre-change value. This index does not, in general, satisfy two standard index-number tests. The reversal test requires the index value for the reverse change to be the reciprocal of the original index. And the circular test requires the product of index values for successive price changes to be equal to the index value for the whole change. We show that both tests are satisfied if and only if the Bergson–Samuelson indirect social-welfare function is homothetic in prices, a condition which does not require individual preferences to be homothetic. If individual preferences are homothetic, however, stronger conditions on the Bergson–Samuelson indirect must be satisfied. Given these results, we ask whether the restrictions are empirically reasonable and find, in the case that individual preferences are not homothetic, that they make little difference to estimates of the index.     

Equity, continuity, and myopia: A generalization of Diamond’s impossibility theorem

 We consider social preferences over infinite horizon intergenerational consumption paths. We use the Mackey topology to define continuity of social preferences. Our main objective is to generalize one of Diamond’s impossibility theorems. First, we show that the trivial preference relation is the only asymmetric social preference relation satisfying equity and continuity. Second, we compare Campbell’s impossibility theorem with ours. Finally we use an order-based notion of myopia and establish another impossibility result. Received: 26 August 1994/Accepted: 5 June 1996     

Bias decomposition and estimator performance in respondent-driven sampling

Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) is a method of network sampling that is used to sample hard-to-reach populations. The resultant sample is non-random, but different weighting methods can account for the over-sampling of (1) high-degree individuals and (2) homophilous groups that recruit members more effectively. While accounting for degree-bias is almost universally agreed upon, accounting for recruitment-bias has been debated as it can further increase estimate variance without substantially reducing bias. Simulation-based research has examined which weighting procedures perform best given underlying population network structures, group recruitment differences, and sampling processes. Yet, in the field, analysts do not have a priori knowledge of the network they are sampling. We show that the RDS sample data itself can determine whether a degree-based estimator is sufficient. Formulas derived from the decomposition of a ‘dual-component’ estimator can approximate the ‘recruitment component’ (RC) and ‘degree component’ (DC) of a sample’s bias. Simulations show that RC and DC values can predict the performance of different classes of estimators. Samples with extreme ‘RC’ values, a consequence of network homophily and differential recruitment, are better served by a classical estimator. The use of sample data to improve estimator selection is a promising innovation for RDS, as the population network features that should guide estimator selection are typically unknown.     

Multilevel interterritorial convergence and additive multidimensional inequality decomposition

In this paper we justify the use of the between-groups S-convex relative inequality indices to measure interterritorial convergence. In addition, we provide two appealing extensions to the use of the additive decomposable General Entropy inequality indices. First, multilevel decomposition along several subpartitions is satisfied and a natural application to convergence decomposition along different territorial level arises. Second, further general inequality decomposition along several dimensions is also satisfied. Thus, this framework provides a better explanation of the determinants of convergence (and inequality) when it is decomposed into different dimensions in comparison with other indices available in the literature. Received: 21 May 1999/Accepted: 21 September 2000