Girls’ self-efficacy in the context of neighborhood gender stratification

Scholars have linked neighborhood characteristics to self-efficacy, but few have considered how gender factors into this association. We integrate literature on neighborhoods, gender stratification, and self-efficacy to examine the association between women's relative resources among neighborhood residents and adolescents' self-efficacy. We hypothesize that girls report more self-efficacy when they reside in neighborhoods where women have more socioeconomic resources relative to men. We test this hypothesis using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods and the 1990 Census. Results from multilevel regression models with gender-interacted effects indicate the neighborhood level of women's relative resources was not associated with boys' self-efficacy. However, girls reported higher self-efficacy when women's relative resources in their neighborhoods were greater. This association persisted after including potential individual- and neighborhood-level confounding variables. Our study underscores the importance of attending to gendered processes when understanding how neighborhoods impact youth.     

Perceptions as the crucial link? The mediating role of neighborhood perceptions in the relationship between the neighborhood context and neighborhood cohesion

This study examines the effects of neighborhood racial in-group size, economic deprivation and the prevalence of crime on neighborhood cohesion among U.S. whites. We explore to what extent residents' perceptions of their neighborhood mediate these macro-micro relationships. We use a recent individual-level data set, the American Social Fabric Study (2012/2013), enriched with contextual-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau (2010) and employ multi-level structural equation models. We show that the racial in-group size is positively related to neighborhood cohesion and that neighborhood cohesion is lower in communities with a high crime rate. Individuals' perceptions of the racial in-group size partly mediate the relationship between the objective racial in-group size and neighborhood cohesion. Residents’ perceptions of unsafety from crime also appear to be a mediating factor, not only for the objective crime rate but also for the objective racial in-group size. This is in line with our idea that racial stereotypes link racial minorities to crime whereby neighborhoods with a large non-white population are perceived to be more unsafe. Residents of the same neighborhood differ in how they perceive the degree of economic decay of the neighborhood and this causes them to evaluate neighborhood cohesion differently, however perceptions of neighborhood economic decay do not explain the link between the objective neighborhood context and neighborhood cohesion.     

or calculation of the gap and the rolling

tion of cool roll (initial rolling) and hot roll (stable rolling) respectively is established by treating aluminum foil rolls and aluminum foil integrally. The influence of work roll contour on aluminum foil profile was analyzed. It is suggested that the to     

The Synthesis of Altruism and Egoism——From the Perspective of the Theory of Evolution

达尔文进化论立足于个体选择理论,这使它难以解释社会性昆虫等的利他行为;为此,达尔文后来提及群体选择思想.群体选择理论直到20世纪60年代才被正式提出,却仍然面临利他行为与适者生存的矛盾.为此,亲缘选择理论和基因选择理论应运而生.这两种理论在一定程度上把个体选择与群体选择结合起来,但又各自面临新的困境.索伯-威尔逊模型区分了"群内选择"和"群间选择",前者以个体选择为主.后者以群体选择为主,并给出利他主义得以进化的条件.本文在索伯一威尔逊模型的基础上,进一步揭示了利他主义对利已主义的随附性关系,亦即群体选择对个体选择的随附性关系;同时指出,这只是适合于人类这种具有独立意志的物种,因而是一种次级关系.而对于包括人类在内的一切物种来说,更为基本的关系是:个体选择随附于群体选择.     

On Compensation for Damages of the Violation of the Right to Life —— with Instant Death Being the Object of Research

There are two situations when the right to life is encroached: instant death and death after an interval, the compensations for which are quite different from each other, so we shall research upon them respectively. In the situation of instant death, the people who claims for compensation is neither the dead nor the one who bears the compensation,and it is the near relative of the dead, the foundation of which is not inheritance,but natural damage, and the compensation covers only funeral expense,moral damage and compensation for death.     

Assimilation by the third generation? Marital choices of white ethnics at the dawn of the twentieth century

It is well known that marital ethnic endogamy declines by immigrant generation, but there is little information on how many generations are required for full marital assimilation. This study for 1880-1910 includes information on the birthplace of men’s grandparents, so we can compare the first, second, third, and later generations. We estimate the odds of marrying a native white woman with native-born parents (NWNP) for Irish, Germans, British, and men of other ethnicities. Most groups even in their third generation still show a significantly lower rate of marital assimilation than native stock men. But mixed ancestry (having at least one NWNP parent or grandparent) can result in nearly complete marital assimilation by the third generation.     

Hu Shi and the Continuation of the Revolution of1911——Discussing Intellectuals and Social Revolution

Hu Shi is regarded as one of the most important intellectuals after the Revolution of 1911,and he has a far- reaching influence in 20th century.In the perspective of Hu Shi,the contribution and continuation of the Revolution of 1911 has some inspiration for us to analyze the relationship between Chinese intellectuals and social revolution.     

Thousands of Red and Purple Flowers Are Embracing the Zen Abode——The Tenth Anniversary of the Passing away of Zhao Puchu

十年前去世的原全国政协副主席、中国佛教协会会长赵朴初出生在四代翰林的家庭;二十年代走上佛教道路;对中国革命作出了重要贡献;与毛泽东、周恩来、邓小平、江泽民等领袖人物以及谢冰心、曹禺、赵元任等文化名人有广泛的交往;在文革期间受到冲击;对中国和世界佛教以及和平事业作出了突出贡献;本人佛学思想丰富;有很高的诗词、书法造诣;淡泊名利,善于养生;关心、支持家乡建设;其佛学思想和人生道路对今天的青年人和大学生有多方面的启迪。     

On Complementation and Integration of the Three Kinds of Cultures——Cultural Reflections on the 30 Years of Reform and Opening up

Started from the argument of Culture is the carrier of the reproduction of ideology, the model of reproduction and dissemination of different ideologies. this paper divides the Chinese culture into three kinds from a macro view. These three kinds of culture are national culture, elite culture and popular culture.     

Testing Reading Comprehension and the Use of Multiple-choice

Reading is one of the most important skills to acquire language knowledge. Reading ability is the most important way of measuring one's language ability. Learning how to read is very important. For most teachers and students, it is also important to get a clear understanding of reading and reading ability and their relation. This article is just written to solve this problem and discuss the use of the multiple - choice in reading comprehension test.     

emperature of the He Ⅱ both are ver

helium(He Ⅱ);Joule-Thomson coefficients;Joule-Thomson effect国家自然科学基金资助项目(50476022);; 上海市科委重大项目(03DZ14014)0上海交通大学学报Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University78-81TB61C02851C;C028_51陈煜;00060012;253-256液氮垂直流动沸腾的双流体模型分析李祥东;汪     

Ideology of “Minben” Philosophy of Mengzi as the Core of “Benevolent Governance”

先秦儒家反对“暴政”、反对战争、“民贵君轻”等思想,奠定了中国古代政治思想的基础.其中尤以孟子提出的以“民本”理念为核心的“仁政”思想为代表.孟子认为统治者必须注重“民本”施行“仁政”,因为统治者的权力来源于“民意”,其统治的合法性在于民心所向,如果统治者施行“暴政”,人民就有权推翻其残暴专制统治.也就是说,“民本”和“仁政”的本质在于“以民为本”本身.虽然由于历史和时代背景的局限性,这种思想难免被统治者所利用成为掩饰其专制统治的工具,但我们也应同时看到它所起到的更加积极的作用,即警示、限制、弱化统治者的专制暴政和缓解社会矛盾的作用,也为士大夫阶层为民请命、争取权利、反抗暴政提供了强有力的理论支持.因而将之简单视为仅仅是为了巩固君权、维护统治者的封建专制统治,甚至是思想上愚弄和欺骗民众的手段是片面的、狭隘的.     

On the Establishment of the late Qing Dynasty＇s Sichuan Tibetan School

The enlightenment of modern education in China was in the late Qing Dynasty, and it was originated from the Tibetan schools in the area of Western Sichuan. This paper tries to provide a review of the Tibetan schools＇ establishment, development and evolution, and to explore its unique role in the social and historical process at the time.     

Review of the Copenhagen Climate Summit——Developing CountriesArgued Against the Capitalist System

In the Climate Summit in Copenhagen,the developing countries have criticized the developed capitalist countries for failing to deal with the climate crisis,including the driving of the process and outcomes of this meeting and that the capitalist system is the root of global warming.     

从the faulty machinery of his mind说起

“noun1 of noun2”是英语中常见的一种名词性短语结构。从其内部逻辑关系来看,该结构可以分为四种:1)主谓关系,2)动宾关系,3)正偏关系,4)偏正关系。正确理解和区别这四种关系有助于我们在翻译时忠实地传达原文的意义。     

fluctuations of the charges and magnetic fluxes are obtaine

the capacitances decrease exponentially with time, quantum fluctuations of the charge and current decrease exponentially with time; When the inductances and capacitances in the two component circuits are equal to each other and time-independent, it is found that the coupling capacitance tends to reduce the quantum fluctuations of th