基层计划生育经费投入体制探索

财政投入计划生育经费具有不稳定性;总体计划生育经费投入表现出对计划外生育的强依赖性;必须建立合理的计划生育经费投入体制,才能消除其缺陷.     

中国计划生育投入的规模与构成

《中共中央国务院关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》指出 :“人口与计划生育工作是一项具有显著社会效益的公益性事业 ,对人口与计划生育工作的投入属于国家经济社会发展的基础性投入。要把计划生育经费纳入各级政府的财政预算 ,切实予以保证。逐步提高人口与计划生育经费投入的总体水平 ,计划生育事业费增长幅度高于财政收入的增长幅度 ,到２００５年末 ,各级财政投入计划生育事业费年人均超过１０元。对中西部、少数民族及灾区等财政困难地区的计划生育事业费实行投入倾斜。”认真贯彻和落实中央《决定》的精神 ,切实保证…     

计划生育的投入与效益

计划生育的投入与效益郑烈煌要抓紧抓好计生工作，经费的投入是保障，是基础。但是经费投入以后，就要出效益。计划生育经费投入后的效益在哪里？效益有多大？对此，一般人甚至包括一些领导还没有真正弄清。这也难怪，因为计划生育效益的取得，不象物质生产的投入那样，简...     

当前农村计划生育管理若干问题研究

一、农村计划生育管理中的缺陷及其危害 (一)经济上鞭打快牛,不利于调动基层干部的积极性和巩固计划生育成果。国家对农村的计划生育经费投入只限于节育手术费和部分困难地区50％的独生子女抚养费补贴,而其它费用全部由基层负担。这在实际中造成凡是计划生育工作开展得越好的地     

探索计划生育统筹费管理新路

为保证计生工作深入发展的需要，四川省内江市把增加计生经费投入作为党政一把手负总责的一项重要内容，在按中央要求认真落实财政对计生事业经费投入的同时，把落实计划生育统筹费用为筹集乡（镇）计生经费的一项重要来源，在计生统筹费的投入、管理、使用等方面进行积极探索与改革，建立起了计生统筹费“乡收取、县管理、乡使用”的新体制，保证了这项经费的落实到位和合理使用。一、统一认识，确定计生统筹费的提取比例在财政投入的计生事业经费不能满足基层计生工作需要，计划外生育费又逐年减少的情况下，计生统筹费逐步成为基层特别是…     

计生事业经费实行综合预算的实践与思考

长期以来,特别是农村税费改革、乡镇机构改革以来,计划生育事业经费一直是困扰县级计划生育工作质量上台阶的首要问题。计划生育事业经费是开展计生工作的重要保障,没有经费保障,计生工作便成了“无本之木,无源之水”。四川省宣汉县从改革计生事业经费投入体制入手,明确了计生事业经费的投入渠道,稳定了乡镇计生干部队伍,保证了乡镇计生工作的正常运转,为深化人口与计划生育综合改革提供了强有力的物质保障。为切实解决这一难题,从2004年起,宣汉县把计划生育事业经费全部纳入县级财政综合预算,有效地规范了计生事业经费的征收与管理,从而基…     

改善计划生育经费投入结构

计划生育经费是推行计划生育基本国策所必须具备的物质基础和财务保障。近几年来，国家逐年加大了对计划生育事业财政性投入，相继出台了一系列计划生育收费和筹资政策，使计划生育经费逐年增加，同时制定了一些加强计划生育经费管理的措施和办法，基本保障了计划生育工作...     

加强计划生育经费的管理

加强计划生育经费的管理付晓燕姚和平蔡少华计划生育经费是推行计划生育基本国策必须具备的物质基础。近几年来，国家在加大对计生事业费财政性投入的同时，相继出台了一系列计生收费和筹资政策，从而使计生经费在总量上迅速增加，在结构上日趋多元化和复杂化。但是，与之...     

对甘肃新农村建设与人口计划生育管理和控制的思考

本文从甘肃省推进社会主义新农村建设进程中,对人口总量控制和人口素质提高方面,从加强农村计划生育服务设施建设,继续稳定农村低生育水平;增加扶贫投入,完善管理机制,提高使用效益;建立以政府投入为主渠道的事业投入保障机制,提高人口与计划生育经费投入的总体水平等方面进行论述。要着力解决好人口资源环境和经济社会发展之间的矛盾。     

积极建立经费投入新机制 为计生工作提供财力支撑

山东省菏泽市牡丹区是一个110万人口的经济欠发达农业大区。近几年来,牡丹区委、区政府高度重视人口计生工作, 在全区财政困难、经费紧张的情况下,认真落实党中央、国务院提出的“要把计划生育经费纳入各级政府的财政预算,切实予以保证”的要求,切实将各项计划生育经费全部纳入财政预算,积极探索建立经费投入新机制,为保障人口和计划生育工作的顺利发展提供了强有力的财力支撑。我们的具体做法是:     

论社会保障基金投资营运的市场化与安全

社会保障基金投资营运过程由三级委托代理关系和两种辅助性的委托代理关系构成 ,这种委托代理结构精巧地将社会保障基金投资运营过程的参与主体有机地组织起来 ,在考虑社会保障基金安全的前提下 ,逐步增强社会保障基金投资管运的市场化程度。投保人、管理人、经理人、实业公司所构成的三级委托代理关系导致社会保障基金的投资运营依次从非市场化、半市场化 ,达到完全市场化。投资人I1、I2 分别与经理人、实业公司之间的委托代理有力地强化了社会保障基金投资营运的市场化 ,管理人、经理人分别与托管人之间的委托代理增强了社会保障基金投资营运的安全性 ,尤其是社会保障基金本金的安全。     

浅议当前农村养老保障体系中的缺陷和问题

目前农村家庭养老矛盾重重 ,面临农村养老保障由家庭养老向社会养老逐渐过渡的问题。在统筹社会养老基金时 ,应考虑农村养老保障体制转换成本问题 ,应由集体经济和国家负担部分转换成本。家庭养老以精神激励为主 ,但也要实行有效的监督。社会养老基金统筹可采用浮动制的收费办法 ,以弥补保费收缴水平偏低的矛盾     

Indonesia; World Bank assists Second Population Project

Indonesia's First Population Project, funded jointly by the International Development Association and UNFPA, was started in 1972 and provided for construction of service and training facilities, equipment, research and evaluation studies, education, and communication activities. The national family planning program has made progress in the last 20 years. Acceptor and family planning personnel statistics are given. The World Bank has recently awarded Indonesia a loan to fund its Second Population Project, to aid in reaching the goal of a 50% reduction in fertility by 2000.     

治理理论视角下的新时期人口问题综合治理

治理理论的视角为研究我国人口问题综合治理提供了一种新的思考维度。同时,也给我们探索人口问题综合治理提供新的启示,那就是如何解决三个方面的结构性矛盾:一是人口和计划生育政府职能部门自身体制的创新;二是政府公共政策及具体治理制度需要重新设计;三是人口和计划生育事业发展与治理的合作创新问题。     

Upholding the freedom of couples to use a method of their choice

A recent review of the Philippine Population Program's 5-year plan, ended in December 1982, showed that in 1980, natural family planning (NFP) users were only about 12.5% of couples practicing family planning. This figure doubled by 1982. Based on these responses the decision was made to intensify the NFP program as early as 1982. The 1st step was to put more money into the NFP program. The program includes the modern scientific techniques such as cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and sympto-thermal. The program also will fund the training of doctors and other clinic personnel and the production and distribution of appropriate training and information material. Other family planning methods, such as sterilization, oral contraception (OC) and the condom, also will be promoted. Promotion of NFP will depend on the choice of the family planning practitioners themselves. The program's community based services are being intensified. NFP, together with the other family planning methods such as sterilization and OC, will always be made available to couples in the community based services. All agencies in the population and family planning program will be promoting NFP. Knights of Columbus doctors have been invited to assist the program and share their own training modules for the training of trainers. An agreement has been entered into with the Gabriel M. Reyes Memorial Foundation based in Aklan. The goal is for trainers who need further knowledge and skills in NFP to learn from the foundation's wealth of organized orientation and training techniques in NFP. NFP is emphasized at this time because it is acceptable to a great number of couples.     

Quality of care in Peru: measuring its impact. Field report

A report published in 1995 by the Population Council described the impact of the quality of family planning services on the incidence of unplanned pregnancy in Peru. This report followed a 1994 study that assessed the impact of quality on contraceptive usage by linking data from Peru's 1991-92 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and a 1992 Peru Situational Analysis study of the status of family planning (FP) services at 3000 individual service delivery points. The 1995 study added data from a follow-up survey of a sample of the DHS respondents. The 1994 study used an innovative quality of care index that measured the quality of FP services available in a geographic area to women with partners living nearby. This index was then assigned to every woman in the area and correlated with her use of modern contraceptives. The analysis revealed that availability of high-quality FP services greatly increased the number of women using modern contraception. The 1995 study analyzed the impact of quality of care on rates of unintended pregnancy and found that the percentage of unwanted births was significantly higher in areas with low-quality FP services. The researchers note that these results only hint at a relationship between quality of care and reproductive behavior and that the findings should be interpreted conservatively. However, the studies support the importance of investing in quality FP care.     

Carrying out the number seven directive of C.C.C.C.P., spreading comprehensive measures of birth control]

This report examines how the Yi Yang District of Hunan Province carried out the Central Commitee of the Chinese Communist Party's No. 7 Directive, i.e., the directive requiring the people of the county to take comrehensive measures, as opposed to single methods, to promote birth control. Yi Yang District officials in charge of Family Planning established a new and comprehensive program promoting birth control, stressing 4 major points: 1) a voluntary policy, 2) suitability of the birth control method, 3) safety, and 4) convenience. Under the voluntary policy they emphasize that people must be free to choose their own means of birth control based upon physical considerations and personal beliefs because compulsory measures are generally resisted. Secondly, the method of birth control must be suitable to the individuals involved. Local family planning agencies have been very effective in helping couples establish medical records and in providing them with practical advice. The third concern of the Yi Yang District officials is with assuring people of the safety of the birth control method chosen in order to eliminate unnecessary fears and anxieties about possible side effects. Finally, they stress that family planning assistance should be made available to people at any time. These family planning measures have proved to be very successful and bring about lasting results.     

Comics: a medium for today's development messages

Filipino illustrated magazines, or the comics, may yet prove to be the most effective media, if not the most effective, for spreading the country's development messages. Long criticized by intellectuals and the social elite, the comics have been grossly underrated in their potential to inform, persuade, and even influence the life-style of the people. The government's Commission on Population (Popcom) has developed an information-education-communication program using the comics, among other media, to disseminate stories on family planning, responsible parenthood, and related topics. Its best quality is popular appeal, and for publishers and distribution outlets, the comics provide good business. A review of these materials shows that their themes reflect the following topics or issues: 1) population trends and consequences; 2) socioeconomic benefits of family planning; 3) customs which influence family planning; 4) family planning concepts; 5) family planning methods; 6) human sexuality and reproduction; 7) the husband-wife relationship; 8) guides for family planning motivation or communication; and 9) guides for teaching family planning. The materials were developed with 4 qualities in mind so as to attract audience or reader interest: simplicity, familiarity, realism, and attractiveness of materials. The consensus is that in the comics, population and development agencies may have found a "secret weapon" in getting these messages across, and that this new-found use for the illustrated magazines may be giving them a new respectability without in any way diminishing their popular appeal.     

新世纪计划生育干部素质提高的客观要求

本文从社会主义市场经济体制条件下计划生育的特点和目前我国计划生育干部的现状以及计划生育工作重点转移三方面阐述了计划生育干部素质提高的必要性和迫切性 ,并对计划生育干部应具备的素质提出了具体要求     

Natural family planning: A comparison of continuers and discontinuers

Little research has been done on social-psychological variables related to the use of natural family planning. The objective of this study was to analyze variables that differentiated between continuers and discontinuers of natural family planning (NFP). Questionnaires were obtained from couples who had received instruction in the sympto-thermal method of natural family planning at a large urban hospital. Subjects who were attempting to become pregnant or who were using other methods of contraception in conjunction with NFP were deleted from the analysis, leaving N of 74. With Pearson correlation, variables significantly related (p<.05) to NFP continuance were: religiosity, planning more children, perceived severity of pregnancy, support from spouse and relatives, dissatisfaction with other contraceptive methods, attitudes toward NFP, perceived effectiveness of NFP, attitudes toward abstinence, and importance of intercourse.