吉林市进入依法管理计划生育新阶段

<正> 最近,经吉林市人民政府第二次常委会通过的《吉林市计划生育管理实施细则》,已正式公布实施。至此,这个市的计划生育工作进入了依法管理的新阶段。根据中央书记处关于计划生育的根本问题是要立法,不立法计划生育工作不能持久的精神,以《吉林省计划生育条例》为依据制定的《计划生育管理实施细则》,是吉林市第一部关于计划生育的行政规章,它以法律形式强化了计划生育工作的     

当前计划生育行政执法的难点及问题浅析

随着《行政诉讼法》的贯彻实施和计划生育工作的深入开展,加强计划生育的法制建设,依法管理计划生育已成为计生工作的重点和要求。总的看来,当前计划生育行政执法活动发展的态势是好的,绝大部分计划生育行政部门在行政执法活动中能依法办事,较好地处理计划生育工作中的行政争议。但同时计划生育行政执法活动中仍然存在着不少的难点和问题,影响了计划生育行政管理的效能,阻碍了计生工作的顺利开展。对这些不可回避的难点和问题,有必要进行研究和探讨。     

简论计划生育行政诉讼有关问题

研究计划生育行政诉讼对推进计划生育立法完善，加强计划生育法制建设，监督和促进计划生育行政机关正确运用权力，保障人民群众的合法权益，提高计划生育行政执法队伍素质，都具有十分重要的意义。本文试图对照《行政诉讼法》，结合计划生育工作的自身特点，对计划生育行政诉讼的概念、特征、主要类型、存在原因及减免办法进行探讨。 一、计划生育行政诉讼的概念及特征 自１９９０年１０月１日《行政诉讼法》实施以来，行政诉讼作为一项崭新的制度，对于保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益，维护和监督行政机关依法行使行政职权，起到了积…     

关于依法管理计划生育若干问题的思考

随着时代的发展,依法管理计划生育已被提到重要议事日程。虽然依法管理计划生育已经积累了一些经验,但是它毕竟是一项年轻的工作,需要进一步探讨和研究。１依法管理计划生育与计划生育立法依法管理计划生育,是指依据法律、法规开展计划生育行政管理工作。依法管理计划生育,首先要有法可依。目前,我国计划生育管理所依的“法”主要是：散见于宪法和其他法律中的有关条文、行政法规（国务院批准的,以国家计生委今颁发的《流动人口计划生育管理办法》）、地方性法规（省、自治区、直辖市计划生育条例）。此外,还有些规章,也属计划生育…     

宋贤能副主任代表省计生委提出2001年全省计划生育依法行政工作总体部署（摘自宋贤能在《全省计划生育依法行政工作现场会上的讲话》）

以“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻中央《决定》精神，加强计划生育立法工作；坚决落实依法行政各项措施，严防严重行政侵权行为的发生；继续突破流动人口计划生育管理难点，统一思想，振奋精神，全面提高计划生育执法水平。     

人口较少民族人口与计划生育地方立法研究

基于《人口与计划生育法》的授权及《宪法》、《立法法》关于民族自治地方变通立法权的规定,各省、市及部分自治地方相继进行了少数民族人口与计划生育的地方立法,但考察表明,地方立法中对人口较少民族的立法保障存在着立法遗漏、法制不统一、地域狭隘性等问题,加之地方立法制度固有的弊端,难以实现对人口较少民族人口利益的有效保障。为此,应提高立法层次,实行国家统一立法,对少数民族、人口较少民族实行合理差别的计划生育政策。     

计生法治是稳定低生育水平的保证

计划生育是我们必须长期坚持的基本国策。党的十五大提出了依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家的治国方略。要稳定低生育水平,必须切实加强人口与计划生育法制建设,这是推动人口与计划生育事业持久、健康发展的基本保证。要实现到2010年形成有中国特色的社会主义法律体系的要求,人口与计划生育法治要着重抓好两方面的工作。一方面要抓紧修订和完善计划生育立法和有关行政法规、地方条例的工作;     

关于人口和计划生育依法行政理论研究的思考

最近,国务院下发了《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》,依法行政成为依法治国的重要组成部分和中心环节。深入贯彻实施国务院《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》,全面推进计划生育依法行政,要求我们必须认真总结分析人口与计划生育法颁布以来,在地方立法和依法行政方面取得的基本经验,研究地方立法和依法行政过程中带全局性、普遍性、规律性的问题,分析现行法律法规对今后一段时间人口和计划生育工作产生的影响,制定和修改与《人口与计划生育法》有关的配套文件,进一步完善人口和计划生育法律法规体系。为全面推进计划生育依法行政提供理论基础、执法手段和行政措施。     

流动人口计生管理问题及其多层次原因分析——以深圳市盐田区为例

本文利用在深圳市盐田区通过多种形式获得的第一手资料,从流入城市的区、街道和居委会三个层面描述流动人口计划生育管理的现状和存在的主要问题,并从流动人口自身特点、计划生育行政地位、计划生育管理体制、社会环境等多个角度深入展开原因和对策分析.研究发现,强化基层计划生育机构行政职权、健全"齐抓共管"工作机制以及改善流动人口计生管理工作的法律和财政环境是提高流动人口计划生育管理绩效的重要途径.     

完善计划生育法制化管理机制

强调依法行政，就是要建立起行政权力内部上下级之间及其客体之间的合法公正的契约关系，增强计划生育行政权力运行机制的合法性。为此，需要完善计划生育法制化的管理机制，防止经济体制转轨过渡时期出现的权威危机。本文对此作一初探。１完善人口与计划生育法律法规体系，协调解决好立法之间的空白点和交叉点 当前，各地计划生育行政管理，主要依靠地方立法进行管理，法律对公民有关生育方面的权利和义务作出明确规范。由于地方立法的地方局限性与市场经济人、财、物的流动性，统一性的矛盾，给人口与计划生育的依法行政带来一些需要完善…     

Seven measures for population control announced in Guangzhou

On 7 October 1988, the Municipal Government of Guangzhou, China, announced the following Decision: "First, great efforts should be made to strengthen education on the situation and tasks of the family planning programme. Second, family planning work is included in the target responsibility system of leaders at all levels during their terms of office and whether it is good or bad for the fulfillment of their family planning tasks will be considered as one of the criteria for the assessment of cadres in their work to link up with rewards and punishments. Third, the current family planning policies must be resolutely and unswervingly carried out. For those units where family planning policies have not been well carried out and where family planning work has long been stagnant, competent authorities should send capable cadres to help them improve their work within a definite period of time. Fourth, the principle of 'three priorities' (i.e., priority of publicity and education to economic restriction, priority of contraceptive measures to induced abortions, and priority of day-to-day work to shock work) must be adhered to while technical service and work of transforming the backward situation in some places should be done. Fifth, the family planning organizations at all levels must be perfected and ranks of family planning workers be strengthened with the stress on those at the township, town, and street neighbourhood levels. Moreover, the family planning offices should be set up or full-time family planning workers be staffed for enterprises and undertakings in the cities. Sixth, funds for the family planning work must be guaranteed. Seventh, the management of family planning for [the] floating population must be strengthened and a management group for [the] floating population, which consists of representatives from the Municipal Government and departments concerned, must be established."     

The family planning work as suggested by analysis of the age at first marriage in Jiaxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province]

Since 1970 when the big push for family planning began, China advocated late marriages. In general, the age for late marriage for female peasants is 23 years and 25 for males; for urban females and males, it is 25 and 27 years, respectively. In 1981 the New Marriage Law stipulated the age at marriage to be 20 years for females and 22 for males (these ages are lower than the ages advocated for marriage in actual practice). Despite the New Marriage Law, however, there was in 1981 an increase in the number of people who married before attaining the "late marriage age," thereby creating problems in family planning work. Since 1981, early marriages have been an increasing phenomenon (for the purposes of this essay, age at early marriage is 23 years for females and 25 for males). Jiaxing Prefecture had a 460.53% increase from 1979 to 1981 in the number of women who married early. The following findings were based on studies of Tungxiang and Pinghu Countries. Early marriages as well as "regular" marriages have increased greatly, with early marriage exceeding the number of other marriages. Urban marriages are far more moderate in number than rural marriages, partly because family planning work in urban areas is more effective. Early marriage in areas where family planning work was effective is less extreme than in areas where family planning work was ineffective. Findings from Kayuan Commune of Tungxiang County shows that 47.8% of all male marriages in 1981 were early marriages, as opposed to 6.3% in 1980. The average age for men at marriage in 1981 was 1.6 years younger than in 1980, and .75 years younger for females. Undoubtedly the New Marriage Law influenced the trend in early marriages, but the main reason is that the agarian economy is backwards. Further, traditional attitudes (e.g., "the sooner the children come the sooner the riches come") prevail.     

The National Conference of Propaganda Work on Family Planning held Beijing]

The National Conference on Propaganda Work in Family Planning, held in Beijing from November 1-6, 1982, was sponsored by the the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and the National Family Planning Committee. Among the 136 participants were representatives from various provincial, city, and autonomous region propaganda and family planning units, the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army, general trade unions, All China Women's Federation, Communist Youth League, and propaganda reporters. The purpose of the conference was to discuss how to organize family planning propaganda in meeting China's goal of limiting the population to 1,200,000,000 by 2000, and how to arrange a Family Planning Propaganda Month for early 1983. The Chairman of the National Family Planning Committee made 3 points: family planning is a basic national policy, greater propaganda efforts must be made towards peasant family planning, and everyone must work hard to create a new situation in family planning work. The Vice Minister of the Propaganda Department remarked that family planning propaganda was foremost among the 12 national propaganda topics; these sentiments were supported totally by the representatives of the women and youth groups. The Vice Chairman of the Advisory Committee of the Central Committee said that family planning work was longterm, and that its success lay in the countryside. Finally, the Vice Chairman of the National Family Planning Committee encouraged all delegates to take the spirit of the conference back to their home. During the conference delegates also met to discuss important points in planning the Family Planning Propaganda Month.     

颁布、施行人口与计划生育法对人口与计划生育工作的挑战

颁布、施行人口与计生法为加强人口与计生工作提供了法律保障 ,无疑是一件大好事。但是 ,特殊的国情决定了实施人口与计生法会遇到许多困难和问题 ,对人口与计生工作的思路、方法 ,对人口与计生工作的任务、要求 ,对人口与计生工作的作风、工作效率 ,等等 ,都是一种挑战。因此 ,我们必须采取有力措施 ,积极应对这种挑战 ,切实搞好依法管理 ,依法实行计划生育     

Establishing legal system completely and controlling the excessive population growth]

China during the early years of Socialism concentrated on economic development. Population problems were given a low priority. But now, at this point in China's history, it is necessary to maintain the stability and uniformity of the birth policy through legislation, alter attitudes toward childbearing through legal education, and protect through laws the enthusiastic nature of family planning work of cadres. Without legislation, family planning work cannot endure. It is the proper time to promulgate "Family Planning Law", the body of laws written by the State Council after 5 years of research in family planning work. Critics of this view feel that conditions in rural areas are not ripe for such a law, or that because China is large and populous, laws are not the proper method for controlling population, or that legal restrictions would bring unforeseen consequences in the future. But China's population problem is immediate and dire, and conditions are indeed ripe for passing this law.     

城市人口和计划生育工作新机制研究

多年来,我国人口和计划生育工作的重点、难点一直在农村。而城市人口和计划生育工作一直走在全国前列,不仅有效控制了人口过快增长,为全国人口控制目标的实现作出了积极贡献,而且创造了许多好经验,对农村起到很好的示范、带头和辐射作用,为统筹解决人口问题打下了良好的基础。但是随着外部环境和工作任务、要求的变化,随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和城市经济、社会的迅速发展,城市化进程的大大加快,城市计划生育工作开始面临许多新情况、新问题,必须加快改革与创新的步伐。     

人口计生系统学习型组织推广的思考

人口与计划生育系统学习型组织由“点”到“面”的推广是完全有必要的。在推广的早期、中期和后期各有几项重点工作,包括完善人口与计生目标管理责任制的指标体系,普及学习方法和学习工具的应用,强化学习型组织推广的评估。这些推广工作将有助于人口计生综合改革的深入发展。     

立足改革创新,做好新形势下的人口和计划生育工作

新时期的人口和计划生育工作,法制性、规范性和服务性显而易见。因此,立足改革创新,做好新形势下的人口和计划生育工作具有重要的意义。审时度势,转换脑筋,找准位置,进入角色,依法管理,工作到位,是调整工作思路和方法,适应形势、任务发展需要的关键,也是做好人口大文章,追求计划生育大目标,为全面建设小康社会做出大贡献的根本途径。人口和计划生育部门及其工作人员,必须与时俱进,积极改进工作,跟上时代步伐,用显著的业绩为经济发展和社会进步添砖加瓦,为全面建设小康社会创造条件,提供保证。     

西北地区的人口发展问题

人口问题是制约西北地区可持续发展的首要问题,当前,西北地区人口增长过快,计划生育水平较低,人口增长惯性大,人口问题没有得到应有的重视。要加快西北地区的人口发展,必须建立利益导向机制,加强人口与计划生育工作,树立环境安全观念,加快经济发展。     

A sound population program

A sound population program must respond to real human needs, must be rooted in values, must generate results, must be administered in an integrated manner, must be based on the ethic and goal of self reliance and on the belief that it must operate and grow on its own steam, and must release human resources for productive economic endeavors. To make any sense at all, population must be linked to the gut level needs of the individual. People should not be viewed as demographic statistics, and the word human should be used in the basic sense of hunger and poverty. If the goal is to bring about lasting change in the way that Filipinos manage their lives and their living, it is necessary to probe their values. If social change is the goal, tradition must be challenged. In the area of family planning, persons who can communicate the fact that the program seeks to enrich life more than prevent birth must be chosen. There has been some criticism that the population/family planning program is "too contraceptive oriented" and too mechanistic in the approach to population. Contraception is behavior, a good measure of acceptance and an effective measure of commitment. The delivery of welfare must be horizontally integrated. Thus it is necessary to learn to work in teams, teams of development workers. The value of self determination and the conscious practice of planning and shaping one's life is the very logic of family planning. The program needs to implant the values of family planning firmly in the community, or, more accurately, in the small face to face primary groups where social norms are set and where change must take place if it is to last. The answer to how to achieve a sound population program lies less in what is done than how it is done.