我国随迁子女初中阶段后的教育政策研究

当前,我国关于随迁子女初中阶段后的教育政策仍存在四大问题:职业教育对随迁子女的实际吸纳作用有限;高中教育的户籍不平等问题仍普遍存在;较高的政策门槛阻碍了随迁子女就地参加中高考的机会;就地高考政策落地后,"高考移民"问题的潜在风险增大。基于此,建议全面放开职业教育资源,切实提升职业教育的办学质量以及对随迁子女的吸纳能力;健全配套政策,逐步推动随迁子女全面就地高考和招生录取;推动城乡教育一体化发展,从根本上解决随迁子女教育问题。     

城市农民工随迁子女义务教育政策及其完善：以广东为例

文章分析了广东省农民工随迁子女义务教育改革政策和实施情况。广东省基本实现了农民工随迁子女“人人有书读”,但是,农民工随迁子女入读民办学校的比例依然较高,入读公办学校的歧视依然存在,民办学校的教育质量问题依然存在。农民工随迁子女义务教育问题不能彻底消除,根本原因是没有建立起农民工随迁子女义务教育经费的投入保障机制。     

美国青少年移民社会融合政策的演变

美国是一个由多族裔移民组成的国家,在关于青少年移民的社会融合政策方面,美国经历了"美国化""自由放任"和"选择性限制"三种政策范式的演变。"美国化"式的青少年移民社会融合政策促成了早期青年移民及其子女的归化,但它缺乏对其族群个性的尊重。"自由放任"式的社会融合政策赋予了青年移民及其子女个体、社区、民间组织等以自主地位,丰富了美国文化的多样性。"选择性限制"式的融合政策避免以单一化原则来应对所有青年移民及其子女的社会融合问题,但它并未真正实现其"反恐"和确保国土安全的政策初衷。这些关于青少年移民的社会融合政策对于当代中国城市的新移民(青年农民工、随迁子女、大学毕业生、外籍青年移民等)的管理与服务政策的完善具有重要启示,主要体现为对多元文化和青少年移民自主性的尊重、保障弱势青少年移民群体的合法权利、重视吸纳高层次的青年劳动力移民以及充分发挥社区和民间组织在青少年移民社会融合过程中的作用等。     

随迁农民工子女心理健康问题研究

在城镇化进程不断推进的背景下,跟随农民工进城的子女规模也在不断扩大,随迁农民工子女的心理健康问题亟待关注。本文首先分析随迁农民工子女心理健康问题的现状,其次,从不同主体维度,试图总结出随迁农民工子女之所以产生心理健康问题的原因。最后针对原因,提出相应的解决对策。     

“老漂族”的新朋友圈：随迁老人的城市社会网络构建模式研究

我国人口迁徙和人口老龄化催生了“老漂族”这一特殊流动群体。在扎根理论基础上,利用NVivo 12 Plus软件,基于28份随迁老人深度访谈资料进行质性分析。从不同地区随迁老人的城市社会网络现状出发,以网络构成类型为支撑,比较分析随迁老人城市社会网络的构建模式和路径。研究发现,随迁老人社会网络构建呈现出“芦苇型”“苔藓型”“劳燕型”“灵鸟型”等模式,构建路径包括基于关系秩序回归的微环境影响情感型网络、依托社区邻里的社交型网络、场域包容作用的政策保障工具型网络。被动回家或主动留下的选择背后均折射出随迁老人重“圈子”、想融入又缺乏网络构建支持机制及经济约束。据此提出相关建议,包括覆盖“老漂族”的社会保障制度、加强基本公共设施适老化改造、社区积极开展“老漂族”适应性项目等。     

“有教无类”与“因材施教”思想在农民工随迁子女教育中的应用

孔子是我国古代著名的思想家教育家,他的"有教无类"提出的平等意识、平等教育主张是其教育思想体系中的教育对象论。"因材施教"、"学思并重"、"启发诱导"的高超的教学艺术则构成其教育的方法论。他的这些思想在我国经济迅猛发展的今天,也有其深远而现实的意义。随着我国的发展速度加快,人口的正常流动,农村劳动力向城市的转移,成为经济发展、社会进步的重要标志,也为一个城市经济发展提供了人力资源和消费带动力。但是,由于现阶段社会经济发展机制体制的不完善、城市化发展战略目标的不清晰以及新旧体制的不衔接等多方面原因,人口的大规模流动特别是大量农民工及其随迁子女快速进入城市,也给城市社会发展带来了一系列新问题、新压力、新挑战。农民工随迁子女的教育问题就是其中最具挑战性的重大社会问题之一。本文主要是对农民工随迁子女的受教育问题结合孔子"有教无类"和"因材施教"理论进行研究的。孔子"有教无类"和"因材施教"的理念,对当代教育不仅具有理论启发意义,而且具有重要的实践价值。我们要进行科学的评价和借鉴,并利用这些价值资源和思想要素,继续启发我们不断进行新的开拓。     

高职生就业状况调查分析及"预就业制度"研究

在国际金融危机的影响依然存在的大背景下,高职院校的大学毕业生面临着较为严峻的就业形势.因此,认真研究高职生就业问题,提出切实可行的就业对策就显得尤为重要.本文主要分析我国目前高职院校毕业生就业现状以及存在的主要问题,进而分析出现诸多问题的原因,针对存在的问题及原因,提出了解决高职生就业难问题的基本对策--"预就业"制度.最后,笔者对高职生就业政策的改进与完善提出了建设性的建议,这对我国不断完善大学生就业政策,提高"高职生"就业质量以及就业率具有重要的现实以及长远意义.     

从“他者”到“群我”:城市化进程中随迁子女融入问题

中国"农民工"现象是城市化进程的产物。农民进城务工常态化,其随迁子女城市入学问题随之产生。由于中国社会长期沿袭的城乡二元分割文化体系及其以等级意识进行身份界定的社会心理支撑,使农民工子女城市就学存在制度障碍及跨文化适应障碍。开展社会机制建设,确保农民工合法权益,消除农民工及其子女面临的身份歧视,实现文化调试(跨文化适应)与文明融合,是促进农民工随迁子女学校融入与社区适应的规范路径。     

“二孩妈妈”搞定大小捣蛋

正两个孩子两份苦累,但是快乐也是双份,她觉得值得。老二的"大事"交给老大做主今年36岁的李思浔家住北京,是一名职业漫画家。2010年,李思浔生下了大儿子小汤圆,正式晋升为"辣妈"一族。小汤圆大了后,北京"二孩"政策也开始慢慢放开,李思浔和丈夫都是独生子女,符合"政策",两人便有了生二孩的想法。身边的朋友知道后,都劝李思浔想清楚,还有朋友给李思浔算了笔账:"怀孕生产费用需一万,上幼儿园之前需花三四万,幼儿园、小学、中学、高中、大     

农民工子女教育权问题研究

随着经济结构的变化和交通、讯息的发达,农民工群体逐渐由过去的以个人流动为主向以家庭为单位流动转变,带来了不断扩大随迁子女的规模,他们如何在流入地接受义务教育逐渐发展成为一个大家所瞩目解决的社会问题。综合分析造成农民工子女教育问题的内外在原因,提出相应解决问题的对策,逐渐达到理想平衡状态,即得到公平接受教育的权利。     

Multicultural education in Thailand

This study examines multicultural education policy in Thailand. The researcher used the qualitative research methods of interviewing, observation and document examination to obtain data. Theory about multicultural education was used as a theoretical framework. The sites of study were eight primary schools that served students from diverse cultures – Muslim, Buddhist, Burmese, Cambodian and Thai – in the southern provinces of Thailand. Results showed that current educational policies do provide opportunity for migrant students to access public education. The Ministry of Education has allowed schools to apply their own rules and regulations that reflect the diverse cultures of their students. The results also show that the curriculum includes references to various cultures, that textbooks contain content that encourages students to live in harmony with people from different cultures and that some schools have implemented bilingual education programs. However, deeper analysis of school practices made it clear that what seems to be an acceptance of cultural diversity is just another form of assimilation. The well-established features that define Thainess remain intact and the inclusion of culturally specific content is insufficient to change the unequal power relations among dominant and minority groups in Thailand.     

“They know there is hope:” How migrant educators support migrant students and their families in navigating the public school system

This study, which draws on the practice knowledge of 20 migrant educators employed in the public school system in Florida who were interviewed in 2013, shows how migrant educators support migrant students and their families in navigating the public school system. We found that migrant educators supported students and their families in navigating the school system in several ways: by helping students access supplies, technology and practical help and other school-related assistance; providing students with a supplemental education; supporting students emotionally; liaising between students, parents and the school; empowering parents to resist discrimination; and by managing school logistics. We discuss our findings in the context of existing scholarship and present implications for policy and future research.     

Educational responses to immigrant students in Madrid

During the last few years, changes in the Spanish educational system have had a far reaching impact. Several factors have been critical: (1) the progressive decentralization of education by the government, now a responsibility of regional governments; (2) the extension of compulsory education to the age of 16; and finally (3) the increase in the number of immigrant students, which has significantly added to the existing cultural diversity. The enrolment of immigrant students in Spanish schools is a relatively recent phenomenon (starting 15 years ago) when compared with other European countries. Madrid is the region in Spain with the largest number of students. As most of these students were born outside of Spain, we cannot yet speak of a second generation. The research described here investigated how the educational system in Madrid confronted the challenge of an increasing number of immigrant students. The institutional response was the Madrid Regional Government’s Compensatory Education Regional Plan. This encompasses several measures, which are described here. After a critical analysis of educational policies pertaining to immigrant pupils, the paper suggests ways of overcoming a purely compensatory approach. Intercultural education plays a key role is such considerations.     

从新型城镇化的视角解决流动儿童问题

新型城镇化的基本思路就是要推进以人为核心的城镇化,解决流动儿童问题正是"推进以人为核心的新型城镇化"的重要组成部分。当前,流动儿童仍面临以下问题:接受义务教育情况明显改善,但流动少年在城市继续升学存在困难,就业弱势状况明显;跨省流动儿童的平等权益保障存在盲区,流动儿童集中的重点地区反成"不友好"城市;儿童进城有经济困难,产业工人家庭难团聚;流动儿童仍然不能平等享受公共卫生服务;学龄前流动儿童的入托、入园存在困难。为了解决这些问题,各级政府必须以满足流动人口及其家属的基本公共需求作为制定相关政策的基本出发点,从财政转移机制、改革高考制度、完善职业教育、加大城乡托幼机构建设、完善相关法律等方面入手解决流动儿童问题。     

“Integration Constellations” – The Interaction between Destination and Origin Countries and Civil Society Organizations in Migrant Integration

Mainstream migration research examines migrant integration mainly as a function of integration policies in the country of destination, paying relatively little attention to policy frameworks in the country of origin. In this article we introduce the concept of “integration constellations” in order to describe multiple actors and actions involved in migrant integration in Europe. The analysis of such constellations includes policies frameworks produced by countries of destination and by countries of origin along with activities by civil society organizations. Our study encompasses all these actors in examining three empirical cases: Chinese student migration to the UK, Iranian refugees in Sweden, and Ukrainian labour migrants in Poland. These examples illustrate how actions by the states of origin and of destination can either complement or oppose each other. Although we concentrate on just three dimensions of integration (education, labour market and political participation), we point out the multidimensional reality of migrant integration.     

Whose history should be dealt with in a pluricultural context – immigrant adolescents’ approach

This study focuses on migrant adolescents’ perspective on history education with special reference to their families’ home country. The data consist of qualitative interviews with 36 students from various migrant groups (aged 14–16 years). The history of the home country seemed to be significant for the students and they would have wanted to hear about it in school; but in most cases, the main source of information had been family or media.     

Incorporation of Migrant Students Returning From the United States to High Schools in Mexico

The purpose of this research was to identify the difficulties faced by the Mexican migrant students when incorporated into the Mexican education system after having studied in the United States of America. Thirty migrant middle school students, two principals, two social workers and one teacher participated in the study. The study (conducted in two phases) collected information regarding: school admission, adjustment to the school organization, adaptation to learning situations and the perception of school belonging. The main problems found during the admission and enrolment procedures in Mexican schools are: language use, diagnostic assessment, didactic processes that take place in the classroom, complementary support activities, grade repetition, very little family involvement and the separation of the students from their migrant parents.     

Is Money Enough?: The Effect of Migrant Remittances on Parental Aspirations and Youth Educational Attainment in Rural Mexico

This research compares remittance‐receiving families in rural Mexico to non‐remittance receiving households in terms of how the presence of this financial source relates to variation in parent educational aspirations for their children and youth enrollment and completion at the non‐compulsory upper secondary schooling level. Using multivariate analysis of a comprehensive survey collected in a significant migrant‐sending state, no evidence is found of a remittance effect on the selected outcomes. Rather, other socio‐demographic background factors — namely, maternal education levels and to a lesser extent household wealth — are the factors most associated with variation in these educational outcomes. Implications for migration and education public policy and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Orphanhood and Completion of Compulsory School Education Among Young People in South Africa: Findings From a National Representative Survey

We examined the association of orphanhood and completion of compulsory school education among young people in South Africa. In South Africa, school attendance is compulsory through grade 9, which should be completed before age 16. However, family and social factors such as orphanhood and poverty can hinder educational attainment. Participants were 10,452 16–24‐year‐olds who completed a South African national representative household survey. Overall, 23% had not completed compulsory school levels. In univariate analyses, school completion was lower among those who had experienced orphanhood during school‐age years, males, and those who reported household poverty. In multivariate analyses controlling for household poverty, females who had experienced maternal or paternal orphanhood were less likely to have completed school; orphanhood was not independently associated with males' school completion. Findings highlight the need for evidence‐informed policies to address the education and social welfare needs of orphans and vulnerable youth, particularly females, in South Africa.