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利用"中国健康与养老追踪调查"数据,采用阶层转换矩阵方法,对中国养老金制度的收入阶层化效应进行详细评估,结果表明:中国养老金制度是一个分层化体系,收入阶层化效应十分明显.具体表现为:机关事业单位养老金制度覆盖下的机关事业单位工作人员以及企业职工养老金制度覆盖下的国有/集体企业职工产生了强劲的向上流动,最终形成最高收入阶层;城乡居民养老金制度覆盖下的农村居民、无业人员则产生了向下流动,形成最低收入阶层;企业职工养老金制度覆盖下的私企职工及自雇者流动效应较弱,中间阶层地位相对较为稳固. 相似文献
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近年来,为应对日益严峻的老龄化形势,包头市加强养老服务设施建设,落实老年优待政策,大力发展老龄福利事业,不断健全完善社会养老服务体系,促进老龄事业发展。首先,稳步提高老年社会保障水平一是加快推进养老保险制度建设。全市养老保险制度已实现全覆盖,建立了离退休人员基本养老金待遇调整机制,并为全市80周岁以上低收入老人与低保老人发放高龄津贴。二是逐步完善基本医疗保险制度。全市医疗保险已实现全覆盖, 相似文献
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2014年中国老年社会追踪调查研究发现,老年人收入贫困的发生率较高,贫困人口规模巨大,贫困状况令人担忧.全国低于国内低保线的老年人口为5576万,相对贫困老年人口为7698万-8959万.并且,中国老年人贫困发生率呈现“三高三低”的结构特点,即农村高于城镇、女性高于男性、高龄高于低龄.贫困发生率随着老年人自身教育水平的提升而降低.此外,独居老年人和农村空巢老年人更是收入贫困的高发群体,需在政策上给予重点扶持并综合治理. 相似文献
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根据"加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系"的思路,农民社会养老保障制度建设任务十分重要.农民社会养老保障"老年津贴+个人账户"的模式及其精算模型的宗旨是:政府对于某一年龄以上的老年人实施普惠的老年津贴,同时为这一年龄以下有缴费能力的16岁以上农村居民建立个人账户,逐步积累,到这一年龄后逐月领取养老金和老年津贴.这个模式可以供各地设计农民社会养老保障制度建设和进行财务可行性分析参考. 相似文献
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采用2013年和2018年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据,基于收入来源视角和基尼系数分解法,对我国老年人收入结构和收入不平等进行了研究.结果显示:2013-2018年期间,老年收入结构显著变化,收入不平等程度呈现下降趋势.具体表现为,养老金收入比重下降,工资性收入比重显著增加.在收入不平等程度下降过程中,养老金收入的结构效应和集中效应起到强化作用,工资性收入结构效应起到阻碍作用,其他分项收入作用较弱;城乡老年人收入结构及其分布特征呈现显著差异性.据此,老年收入结构优化的方向应该是,稳定并逐步提高养老金等转移性收入水平和比重,适度调整和控制工资性收入、经营性净收入和财产性净收入在城乡间的均衡性,以缩小收入差距. 相似文献
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老年人在医保改革中面临的风险与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1999年,我国社会已进入老年型社会,其中一个重要问题是建立健全老年人医疗保障(以下简称医保)制度以有效保证老年人口的健康.我国在上世纪50年代确立的劳保医疗与公费医疗制度中明确规定,干部工人离休、退休、退职以后享受公费医疗待遇,1978年国务院重申了这一政策;1980年代以来的历次医改也都给予老年群体的医保以特别关注. 相似文献
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农村老年弱势群体共享社会发展成果的路径探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
推进社会主义新农村建设,是党的十七大提出的重要战略任务.其中,关注老年弱势群体,加强老龄工作,是新农村建设的重要环节之一.目前,我国许多农村老年人经济收入低.生活质量差;知识贫困,精神缺少慰藉;劳动负担重,健康状况差,生命质量低.这种状况既影响了农业生产又影响了农村社会和谐与发展,也必将延缓社会主义新农村建设的步伐.鉴于此,为使农村老年弱势群体共享社会发展成果,其路径为:弘扬中国传统孝道文化,在农村形成敬老、养老、助老的文化氛围;加快农业科技进步,实施农村老人增收工程;完善社会化服务体系,建构农村老年人社会支持、关怀救助网络;建立健全农村新型合作医疗制度和医疗救助制度,提高农村老年人的生命质量. 相似文献
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为确保天津市城乡居民养老保险制度的健康运行和可持续发展,充分体现制度的优越性和保障功能,天津市在全面实现制度全覆盖的基础上,进一步扩大参保规模、提高参保率,实现参保人员的广覆盖,将是当前乃至今后一个时期做好城乡居民养老保险的重点工作。本文旨在通过广泛调研和深入分析,找出制约扩大城乡居民养老保险覆盖面的主要原因,从而形成对策措施,为今 相似文献
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Chack Kie Wong 《Social Policy & Administration》1995,29(3):189-203
This article selects a fast growing economy, China, under Deng Xiao-ping's economic reforms, as a case example for exploring the use of the median income-linked international poverty line in measuring third world poverty. Those third world countries which have a fast growing economy have the prospect of increased income inequality. Henceforth, the widening income inequality justifies a comparable poverty measurement which takes into account the relation between economic affluence and income distribution. 相似文献
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《Social Policy & Administration》2018,52(3):611-630
This article explores two questions: (1) Does knowledge about poverty and exposure to poverty affect the perceptions of policymakers about how to deal with the problem? (2) Does policymakers’ trust in members of society affect their perceptions regarding ways of dealing with poverty? Based on interviewees with 103 policymakers in Israel, the findings reveal that knowledge about poverty and trust in the members of society have an effect on policy perceptions. The result may have a theoretical contribution to the policy theory at the individual level and practical implications for policy entrepreneurs. 相似文献
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《Journal of social service research》2013,39(3):173-193
Abstract Contemporary research has shown that chronic hassles can be as debilitating as acute stress and may be more of a determinant in the development of mental and physical disorders. In fact, frequency and intensity of hassles can be better predictors of stress responses than major life events. Although daily hassles have been shown to be population specific, existing measures of hassles do not distinguish between the hassles that impact men and those that impact women, nor have they been normed on populations that are poor. The Hassles of Environmental Poverty (HOEP) Scale is a 74-item instrument designed to assess the stresses of daily mothering within the context of poverty. Items on the scale address mothering stressors with a level of detail not currently available in existing stress scales. In the paper, the authors report out the results of statistical analysis that were done on the field test respondents. The results indicated that the HOEP Scale can legitimately be used for practice and research purposes. 相似文献
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This article concentrates on poverty debates during the last few years of the Soviet Union under Gorbachev and in Russia today under Yeltsin. Some references to previous years are made in order to provide some historical context for these debates. The article is divided into two parts: the first examines debates on the definitions of poverty, while the second looks at its depth and extent. The discussion will provide one more illustration of the now generally accepted thesis that the way poverty is defined inevitably affects the extent of measured poverty and the policy measures for its amelioration. 相似文献
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Malcolm Mansfield 《Social Policy & Administration》1986,20(1):47-57
The article continues the examination of the slippery concept of poverty and in particular the precise definition of "relative deprivation". Townsend's attempts to bring up to date the measurement of poverty are subject to renewed critical analysis. Attempts to construct a deprivation index are regarded sceptically and the statistical measurement of poverty and of deprivation are shown to be unsatisfactory and unconvincing. 相似文献