漫话土族服饰

漫话土族服饰文／李琪美（土族）土族主要聚居在青海省的互助、民和、大通等地，人口１９万，语言属阿尔泰语系蒙古语族。由于地区、生活方式和居住环境的差异，土族形成了独具特色的服饰。头饰土族妇女早期的头饰称“扭达”，式样有八、九种。用彩布、银、铜、金属长针、...     

古老的“扭达” 精美的技艺——简介互助土族妇女的古老头饰

土族是世居青海的少数民族之一,他们勤劳朴实,有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。看看这些造型各异,端庄大方的“扭达”,就足以令人深思遐想,肃然起敬。(图见封三) “扭达”是土族对其已婚妇女头饰的称谓,系古老的头饰。分别有形似圆饼的“托欢扭达”(也叫绊绊切扭达),汉语称“干粮头”(图一);有形似三支箭的“捺仁扭达”,汉语称“三叉头”(图二);有形似簸箕的“适格扭达”,汉语称“簸箕头”(图三);有形似铧尖的“加斯扭达”,汉语称“铧尖头”(图四);还有形似漏凹槽的“雪古浪扭达”及其他形状的“加木扭达”、“索布斗扭达”等八、九种之多。 这些称为“扭达”的妇女头饰,分布于互助土族聚居地区。基本上是一个地方一种“扭     

凤凰点头裙子飘 三寸金莲显婀娜──民和土族妇女部分服饰简介

凤凰点头裙子飘三寸金莲显婀娜──民和土族妇女部分服饰简介凤凰头（图一）亦称“包头”，民和土族妇女头饰。它是在宽５—６厘米，长约５０厘米的黑布条上加放一层较为厚实的里子，在黑布条上、下部级以红色珠串，中间部分等距离地扣五缝连有直径约之厘米的梅花形镌花银...     

藏汉民族对土族宗教信仰的影响

土族聚居区处在藏文化圈和汉文化圈的结合地带 ,土族文化是一种典型的连接地带文化。这种文化在保持和发展本民族文化的同时 ,又大量吸收了藏族文化和汉族文化。土族的宗教信仰深受藏、汉民族的影响 ,藏传佛教、汉族民间信仰和萨满教在土族的信仰中均占有重要地位 ,但藏传佛教和汉族民间信仰对不同地区土族的宗教信仰影响程度各有所异。     

从经济视角看土族文化传承

拥有悠久历史和独特文化传统的土族是中国西北的一个少数民族.土族是青海省独具文化特色的文化旅游资源之一.本文在对土族文化简单介绍的基础上,深入剖析了土族文化所面临的问题并提供了解决方案.本文共分为四部分.第一部分,着重介绍土族的由来,分布,信仰等.第二部分,作者描述了亲身体验土族的非物质文化遗产得出的感受,以及发现的土族所存在的问题.第三部分,作者在互助县彩虹部落附近所做的调查问卷,以具体化数字的形式让读者更加清晰土族的现状.第四部分,解决方案.作者从经济角度针对土族所面临的问题提出解决方案,并询问了有关传承人以及普通的土族人民对相关方案的可行性打分.     

从经济视角看土族文化传承

拥有悠久历史和独特文化传统的土族是中国西北的一个少数民族。土族是青海省独具文化特色的文化旅游资源之一。本文在对土族文化简单介绍的基础上,深入剖析了土族文化所面临的问题并提供了解决方案。本文共分为四部分。第一部分,着重介绍土族的由来,分布,信仰等。第二部分,作者描述了亲身体验土族的非物质文化遗产得出的感受,以及发现的土族所存在的问题。第三部分,作者在互助县彩虹部落附近所做的调查问卷,以具体化数字的形式让读者更加清晰土族的现状。第四部分,解决方案。作者从经济角度针对土族所面临的问题提出解决方案,并询问了有关传承人以及普通的土族人民对相关方案的可行性打分。     

土族的"班斯纳得那"研究

土族是全国56个民族中人数相对较少的民族之一,"班斯纳得那"是土族民间信仰活动的重要内容.目前,在有些土族聚居地,还保有这一古老的文化遗存.几年来,笔者通过大量的田野调查和思考,结合前人的研究成果,对"班斯纳得那"的文化蕴含进行了分析、整理,认为现在的"班斯纳得那"中尽管有其他民族文化的成分,但仍保留了大量古老的土族文化成分,对土族历史、文化的研究有着重要的现实意义.     

土族民间故事及其母题类型分析

作为土族口头传统中的一种叙事方式,土族民间故事立体地展示土族文化的独特魅力,其中的母题类型更是从不同的侧面展示了土族人的信仰习俗、以及家族文化等观念特征。     

土族礼仪文化探析

本文在探讨礼仪文化的基础上 ,对土族礼仪习俗及礼仪文化试作分析 ,并探讨了土族礼仪文化的功能及文化特征     

土族花儿的文化特征

土族花儿曲调多样 ,内容丰富 ,艺术特色鲜明。土族花儿呈现出的艺术个性 ,是土族文化个性的显著体现。     

东西方民族的英雄颂歌--《伊利亚特》与《格萨尔王》比较

史诗是世界文化遗产中的宝中之宝,它不仅用特殊的形式保存着各民族的重大史实、传说、神话和语言,而且是民族文化、民族传统,民族精神的多面晶体,是世界多极化、多元化、多样化的体现或证明.本文通过对东西方两大史诗<伊利亚特><格萨尔王传>的比较,从流传方式、历史真实性、英雄颂歌、社会历史条件、战争观念、谋篇布局几个方面进一步探索东西方史诗的异中有同、同中有异的血缘关系.从而使我们能够从世界文学的视角,用全新的眼光来审视东方的藏民族史诗,使藏民族史诗的研究更进一步,更具有整体性和全面性,更具有学术价值.     

Un/Free mobility: Roma migrants in the European Union

ABSTRACT

This special issue showcases work that theorises and critiques the political, economic, legal, and socio-historical (‘ethnic’ or ‘cultural’) subordination of the European Roma (so-called ‘Gypsies’), from the specific critical vantage point of Roma migrants living and working within and across the space of the European Union (EU). Enabled primarily through ethnographic research with diverse Roma communities across the heterogeneous geography of ‘Europe’, the contributions to this collection are likewise concerned with the larger politics of mobility as a constitutive feature of the sociopolitical formation of the EU. Foregrounding the experiences and perspectives of Roma living and working outside of their nation-states of ‘origin’ or ostensible citizenship, we seek to elucidate wider inequalities and hierarchies at stake in the ongoing (re-)racialisation of Roma migrants, in particular, and imposed upon migrants, generally. Thus, this special issue situates Roma mobility as a critical vantage point for migration studies in Europe. Furthermore, this volume shifts the focus conventionally directed at the academic objectification of ‘the Roma’ as such, and instead seeks to foreground and underscore questions about ‘Europe’, ‘European’-ness, and EU-ropean citizenship that come into sharper focus through the critical lens of Roma racialisation, marginalisation, securitisation, and criminalisation, and the dynamics of Roma mobility within and across the space of ‘Europe’. In this way, this collection contributes new research and expands critical interdisciplinary dialogue at the intersections of Romani studies, ethnic and racial studies, migration studies, political and urban geography, social anthropology, development studies, postcolonial studies, and European studies.     

消除贫困的努力——从和平解放到自治区成立西藏城镇的扶贫救济与社会治理

和平解放前,受政教合一封建农奴制度的影响,西藏城镇贫困人口主要来源于农奴,西藏城镇社会救助多为简单零星行为,无法建立完备的社会救济和保障制度。和平解放后,西藏城镇救济和社会保障事业逐步开展,各项赈济和救助城镇乞丐、贫民及老弱病残等人群的举措在大范围实施,流浪街头的乞丐和流民过上新生活,长期失业的贫民获得工作就业机会并组建家庭,无人照顾的未成年孤儿被送进学校,孤老残疾人在福利院安享幸福晚年,城镇底层居民的基本生存生活和发展权益得到保障,社会公平正义得到彰显,过去那种混乱不整、肮脏不洁的城镇面貌得到改变,西藏人权事业取得巨大成就。     

Philosophy of interculturality: philosophy of humanism for our time

Referring to the philosophical reflection on interculturality as presented by Raúl Fornet-Betancourt, I confront the process of globalization, which is based on a single economy, homogenization of culture, and equalization of differences, with the interculturality that is based on a dialogue and movement toward a union of nations and cultures economically, politically, socially, and spiritually. The starting point of Fornet-Betancourt’s philosophy of interculturality is culture, understood as the realm of freedom, creativity, and realization of each human being. A right to material necessities and economic development represents the precondition for free development, liberation, and realization of every culture, especially the poor. Interculturality is always rooted in a specific context of philosophical thought. Contextualization of the thought does not prevent us from communication and the search for universality, but it teaches us that our search for universality cannot be based on some abstract and formal principles. True universality is based on a historical contextualization of human life in a given culture. Each culture is a micro-universe, which, together with other universes, through interaction creates a macro-universe. By creating conditions of social justice and equality, we guarantee a free interaction of cultures on the one side, and on the other, a mutual transformation of their lifestyles, work, community organization, education, and so forth. The philosophy of interculturality promulgates a debordering process for the cultures to go beyond the borders of globalization homogeneity with its unilateral future based on consumerism and profit, towards a humanity of different and mutually enriching futures.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

Temporalities,materialities and connecting locales: migration and mobility in Asia-Pacific cities

ABSTRACT

In this introduction, we argue that paying attention to the heterogeneous and multi-directional characteristics of mobilities in the Asia-Pacific can generate new conceptual and empirical insights for research on migration and mobility, transnationalism, and intercultural encounters. We note that temporality and materiality are productive lenses for connecting research across diverse urban locales, and to understand the changes these locales experience as a result of emerging forms of mobility. We also draw out three key themes that emerge from the analyses presented by papers in this special issue, and which link the papers as a collection. First, the collection challenges conventional ways in which migrant and non-migrant subjects are classified and researched, by working within the conceptual space opened up by arguments against ‘migrant exceptionalism’, on the one hand, claims for the centrality of the ‘figure of the migrant’ on the other. Second, the papers implicitly or explicitly unpack the temporal, spatial and material consequences of migration and mobility in terms of how aspirations manifest materially and through affective encounters. Third, the collection as a whole signals the analytic power of connecting seemingly distinct sites and scales in and through which migration and mobility take place.     

西部民族地区流通业发展现状及发展策略分析

流通是商品从生产领域到消费领域的转移过程,流通业是国民经济的基础产业。流通业的发展能给西部民族地区带来契约文化的普及,提高人口就业率,加强对外经济的交流,从而拉动经济发展和促进社会稳定。西部民族地区流通产业发展滞后,对此,政府应给予流通业优惠政策,加强流通业投资软硬件环境的建设,多形式发展流通业,大力培养流通业技术人才和管理人才,并推出具有少数民族特色的经贸活动。     

对我国少数民族教育立法几个重要问题的探讨

加强少数民族教育立法研究,全面推进少数民族教育立法理论与实践建设,对于保障和促进民族教育的改革与发展,维护少数民族平等的受教育权益,不断提升少数民族教育的品质,具有十分重要而深刻的意义。特别是在当前我国少数民族教育立法非常薄弱、少数民族教育发展严重滞后的情况下,其意义更为彰显。本文对我国少数民族教育立法的几个重要问题,包括少数民族教育立法的现状及问题,少数民族教育立法的指导思想和原则,少数民族教育立法的内容,少数民族教育法规体系等,进行了较深入的研究。     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.