民族地区扶贫攻坚中的政府行为

民族地区扶贫攻坚中政府行为的特殊性民族地区扶贫攻坚中政府行为的特殊性是民族地区经济文化特殊性所决定的。由于民族地区经济、文化所具有的特点,以改善民族地区经济和文化状况为目的的政府扶贫行为也必然具有和非民族地区政府行为不同的一面。首先,它的基础不同,民族地区政府行为的基础较差,是建立在经济不发达,文化落后的基础上的上层建筑;其次,阶段性的工作任务也不同。一般来说,在现阶段,民族地区政府行为的主要任务是解决温饱问题,而非民族地区政府行为的主要任务却是如何实现经济飞速发展。第三,工作环境和工作对象存在着差别,民族…     

西部民族地区私营企业主关系网络建构研究

西部民族地区私营企业主的行为是"嵌入"在民族地区政治、社会、文化领域之中的.呈现出私营企业主向政府部门嵌入--私营企业主的政治化;与政府官员向市场领域的嵌入--政府行为的经济化、企业化,建构一定的关系网络有助于私营企业主愿望与利益的实现.     

滇黔桂省际边界民族地区整合发展研究

省际边界民族地区作为省际边界地区的特例,经济的欠发达性和区域的边缘性特征十分的突出,而通过省际边界民族地区整合发展实现区域合作共赢,是改善省际边界民族地区经济欠发达性和边缘性的良好途径.本文选取滇黔桂省际边界民族地区为实证研究对象,从产业间关联互补性、历史文化一脉相承和自然资源相依相连的视角分析滇黔桂省际边界民族地区整合发展基础条件,然后在分析滇黔桂省际边界民族地区整合发展动力的基础之上,从四个方面提出了滇黔桂省际边界民族地区整合发展的对策措施.     

论民族地区政府干预市场的问题

加入世贸组织,实施西部开发给民族地区经济发展带来机遇和挑战,显然仅仅依靠市场调节不仅使西部少数民族地区后发力量无法发挥,而且还会加剧东西部差距的扩大,因此在发展民族地区经济的过程中政府行为具有特殊的意义.通过分析政府干预的作用和缺陷,提出民族地区政府适度干预的几点对策.     

民族地区乡村经济行为模式、动机体系及其变迁研究

民族地区乡村经济中的主导经济行为模式至少存在四种类型。民族地区人们的经济行为大致有三种基本的动机体系。改革开放以来,有五种主要因素在改变着这些经济动机体系和行为模式,一是乡(镇)政府、具有准政府性质的村集体组织以及其他各种组织的推动、示范和劝导作用,二是体制改革的推动或压力,三是文化移入的诱导或冲击,四是内部创新行为的出现,五是特定文化传承的激活。     

西部民族地区民营企业与政府官员关系

经济转型期政府在经济活动中的作用已经成了社会科学研究的一个焦点,然而,至今还未达成一致的结论。一些学者认为在转型期,政治力量在经济生活中的作用逐步下降;另外一些学者持相反观点。本文采用了2011年青海省民营企业调查报告的数据,表明当今西部民族地区民营企业与政府官员的关系仍在很大程度上起着作用。但重要性的大小因不同地区不同场合而不同。调查结果表明:一是在特殊领域,民营企业与政府官员的关系很重要;二是政府系统之外的关系网对制度缺陷无影响;三是有在政府部门工作经验的认为与政府官员的关系不那么重要;四是政协委员对与政府官员的关系持积极态度,并且,本文还要证实西部民族地区经济制度的不完善与中央提倡的自由化政策呈正相关,而与地方官员利益行为呈负相关。     

利益分化进程中少数民族国家认同与边疆治理

国家认同问题是伴随着民族的产生就存在的民族政治问题,在社会转型与利益分化的进程中进一步凸显.边疆治理面临着民族矛盾上升、国家政权合法性的流失、跨界民族问题增多等方面的挑战.为了化解利益分化时期国家认同与治理危机,需不断发展民族地区经济,提高驾驭民族社会问题的能力,培养民族地区的中介组织以提高政府公信力,从而达到善治.     

民族地区环境治理中的政府行为结构

本文按照扎根理论的质性研究方法论规范,通过分析大量民族地区环境治理的相关经验资料,总结出民族地区环境治理中的政府行为分为支持式行为、顺应式行为、规避式行为、象征式行为,由此构成了一种"冲突型的政府行为结构"。本文分析了这四种政府行为内在的生成逻辑。民族地区环境治理的特殊性,使这种"冲突型行为结构"得以形成,并被继续强化。应当在两个层次上、通过两种途径,逐步实现民族地区环境治理中政府行为结构的优化。     

铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下农民合作社的族际关系整合功能研究

在民族乡村地区,农民合作社所潜在的族际关系整合功能是从组织行为层面思考铸牢中华民族共同体意识的可能进路。农民合作社的族际关系整合功能体现为生产互助功能、文化共生功能和信任增蓄功能三重面向。即通过以生产协同资源供给形塑经济共同体,以民族文化传承交融锻造精神共同体,以增进社会信任资本孕育社会共同体,从而促进民族乡村地区的族际经济关系整合、族际文化关系整合和族际社会关系整合。就路径选择而言,调适合作社利益关系、锚定合作社组织边界、厘正合作社管理运行可以使得合作社走出集体困境、防范功能异化,并提振其组织绩效,最终让“合作社整合效应”超越地方藩篱,发挥一定的催化作用,促进不同民族社员杂居的乡村区域共同体走向各民族互构共融的中华民族共同体。     

民族地区地方政府投资行为失范及其纠正

在国家和地方政府实行分灶吃饭以后,民族地区地方政府在财政上的独立性明显增强,民族地区政府各项工作目标如城乡建设、财政收入、经济发展速度等目标的实现,绝大部分要靠政府自己投资解决。为了尽快提高本地区国民收入和创造出新的政绩,地方政府往往把突破点放在扩大投资上。所以,民族地区政府为了取得对更多的投资资源的支配权,以投资决策主体、投资分配主体、投资管理主体等多重身份直接参与和组织地方投资的运行,这样就在投资方面表现出不按照市场规律的行为特征,也即出现了政府投资行为的失范。一、民族地区地方政府投资行为失范的表现…     

政府管理体制改革视角下民族地区经济发展方式转变

我国民族地区的经济发展方式大多属粗放型,其转变的关键在政府管理体制改革。从民族地区政府管理面临的现实困境看,既面临特殊的社会历史自然环境,又要完成中央政府的经济增长考核目标和其他重点任务,还要应付民族地区复杂的群体性事件等。推动民族地区经济发展方式的转型,必须加快中央和民族地区政府职能的转变,正确处理政府与市场关系,完善对民族地区政府的绩效考核,创新民族地区政府管理体制,积极推动民族自治地区政府管理体制的改革步伐。     

我国少数民族优惠性差别待遇与反向歧视分析

国家或政府最积极的作为,就是应该对少数民族实施特殊保护的政策,力求避免或消除各民族之间事实上的不平等。政府有关部门可以通过制度设计、法制供给和政策支持等对少数民族和民族地区实行优惠性差别待遇,以便更好地促进民族地区社会政治、经济、文化等各项事业的发展,相反并没有导致所谓的反向歧视。随着社会发展和形势变化,对少数民族实施的优惠性差别待遇应该在坚持的前提下适时不断调整和创新。     

试论改土归流后土家族地区的开发

清雍正年间对土家族地区的改土归流 ,是土家族历史上划时代的变革 ,伴随着改土归流的实施 ,清政府对土家族地区开始了大规模的开发 ,这种涉及经济、社会、文化多方面的开发 ,大大推动了土家族地区的发展 ,促进了土家族的进步和我国统一的多民族国家的巩固与发展。与此同时 ,片面的农耕垦殖 ,使土家族地区传统的多元经济体系被打破 ,并在一定程度上造成了水土流失加重 ,地力下降 ,动植物资源减少 ,水旱灾害增多。清政府对土家族文化一些不合理的变更 ,也影响了土家族文化的发展。当今土家族地区的大开发必须借鉴历史经验和教训     

民族地区政府经济职能研究

少数民族和民族地区的经济发展,关系到整个国家经济和社会全局的战略性发展。我国民族地区经济发展水平相对落后,在完善市场经济体制进程中,应认真分析民族地区经济发展的制约因素,进一步明确民族地区政府的经济职能。     

中国民族间发展的多重差异格局与差别化、协同性政策开发研究——论中国民族关系的新形态与民族政策的新体系

After 60 years of implementation, the ethnic regional autonomous policy has provided basic political support for promoting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Especially since the period of “Reform and Open-ing Up” began, the national preferential policies and support for ethnic minority areas gradually in-creased, and economic and social development in the ethnic minority areas clearly speeded up. Ac-cording to official statistics, after more than 30 years of “Reform and Opening Up”, the economic growth rate of China’s ethnic minority areas is high-er than the national average. However, at the same time , the economic and social development gap be-tween different ethnic groups has become more and more pronounced. The development of the ethnic groups has created a structure of multiple dispari-ties, which fundamentally restricts ethnic unity, as well as political and social stability in ethnic areas of China. This structure of multiple disparities re-flects the imbalances mainly in four aspects: 1 ) the ongoing large gap between the ethnic minority areas and Han Chinese regions remains; 2 ) the unequal economic and social development among the various ethnic minority people has expanded;3 ) the economic gap within the same ethnic minor-ity autonomous region has gradually become more pronounced;and, 4 ) the differences in develop-ment within the same ethnic group who live in vari-ous regions of China are also very obvious. The multiple inequalities of the economic and social development of China’s ethnic groups add more complexity to the ethnic problems of China. The disparity in economic and social development between different ethnic groups is not only an eco-nomic problem, but is also a significant political issue. Hence, promoting a balanced economic and social development among the various ethnic groups has a very obvious practical significance for main-taining ethnic unity, promoting national integra-tion, and maintaining national stability . Based on the discussion above, this article mainly explores which kind of ethnic policy can ef-fectively resolve the multiple disparities found with-in ethnic development and is beneficial for promo-ting the integration of the various ethnic groups in China? On the basis of summarizing and reviewing approaches found in earlier research, the author puts forward the following core ideas:1 ) The economic and social development differences of various ethnic groups have formed a pattern of multiple disparities in China, and it is no longer simply a gap between the Han and ethnic minorities. Since the implementation of the “Re-form and Opening Up” policy, the differentiation or disparity between China’s ethnic minorities has become more and more pronounced—this phenom-enon constitutes a new challenge to China’s ethnic unity and national unification. Therefore, we must adjust ethnic policy in order to solve the “true problem” or “new problem” concerning China’s ethnic problem. 2 ) The multi-faceted disparities found in the economic and social development among China’s ethnic minorities result from many factors, inclu-ding institutional, policy, historical, geographical, cultural, and psychological. Therefore, we must realize a diversity of ethnic policy, and build a comprehensive ethnic policy system. 3 ) For the purpose of realizing the integration and state construction of the ethnic groups, in ad-dition to implementing the current policy of differ-entiation, we must also ensure a “four balanced and coordinated development”. This includes a balance between the Han areas and ethnic minority areas, a balance among the various ethnic minori-ties themselves, a balance within the same ethnic minority areas, and a balance within the same eth-nic group who live in different areas. This requires the central government to strengthen a double dif-ferentiation and collaborative orientation of ethnic policies concerning the market, labor, resources, technology, and capital.     

伦理传承与法治推进：共同体理念下民族地区和谐劳动关系的双重保障

民族地区劳动关系的和谐发展是中华民族共同体建设的重要内容,二者在经济、文化和社会等方面密切相关。民族地区的市场性、区域性与传承性,使得其劳动关系的和谐发展需要经济伦理和法治机制双重保障。经济伦理是经济活动传承性的写照,从内部支持和保障民族地区劳动关系的和谐发展,法治则是其外部保障。在中华民族共同体理念下,唯有重视伦理传承与法治推进双重保障的互补与统一,才能有效构建民族地区和谐劳动关系。     

西部民族地区经济发展方式转变测评

加快经济发展方式转变是我国经济社会领域的一场深刻变革,西部民族地区经济发展方式的转变对我国全面建设小康社会和实现区域协调发展具有重要的意义。本文立足于西部民族地区经济社会发展实际和西部民族地区经济发展方式转变的内涵,构建西部民族地区经济发展方式转变测评指标体系,运用指标体系测评西部民族地区"五区三省"经济发展方式转变的程度,最后基于测评结果提出加快西部民族地区经济发展方式转变的路径。     

民族地区FDI、对外贸易与经济增长的相关性研究——基于广西1990-2013的实证分析

International trade and investment have been two major topics in the field of interna-tional economics. They are also two main ways to deepen foreign economic ties. With the rapid de-velopment of the China—ASEAN free trade area and the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, international trade and investment have had an important influ-ence on the ethnic areas of Guangxi. Guangxi is a frontier and coastal minority area, and as well as an important window opening on to the ASEAN e-conomic sphere and economic hinterland. It has great power and vitality for economic development within the ASEAN economic sphere. However, Guangxi, if compared with domestic developed are-as, is a relatively backward region within China’s economy. Its level for utilizing FDI( Foreign Direct Investment) lags behind, and its foreign trade vol-ume has definitely lagged far behind that in the more developed coastal provinces. This has severe-ly restricted the economic and social transformation of the Guangxi, and is an important obstacle for re-alizing a “well -off” society in ethnic areas. In recent years, resulting in the increasing external dependency in ethnic areas, the development of foreign investment has kept steady. This has played an important role in promoting technological progress and adjusting the industrial structure in ethnic areas. At the same time, foreign investment has also increased the speed of the ethnic minority areas’ ability to absorb advanced technology and management experience. This, in turn, has had great significance for further exploring international markets. However, the various regions in China have differences in their utilization of FDI and for-eign trade, so, effective an evaluation for exploring foreign trade and FDI has had a specific effect on the economic growth in ethnic areas, which can provide certain reference points for ethnic minority areas to formulate economic policy. Based on the relevant data of exports, imports and economic growth collected between 1990 and 2013 for Guan-gxi, and using statistical analysis and the econo-metric regression method, this article studies the relationship between FDI, foreign trade and eco-nomic growth in ethnic minority areas of Guangxi.     

民族地区网红经济的生成逻辑、演化路径与经济社会影响研究

网红是随着互联网发展而出现的一种新兴群体,随之产生的网红经济是一种新型商业模式。近年来,随着互联网的普及和脱贫攻坚战的推进,我国民族地区网红经济发展速度迅猛。网红经济在帮助民族地区民众增收脱贫和推动地方经济发展方面发挥了重要作用。文章结合网红经济的生成逻辑和演化路径,对民族地区网红经济的生成逻辑、演化路径进行了探究,分析了网红经济对民族地区经济社会的影响,摸清了网红经济在民族地区发展遇到的困境,并从基础设施建设、质量监管体系、特色民族文化等角度提出相关政策建议。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.