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1.
Sexual orientation, income, and non-pecuniary economic outcomes: new evidence from young lesbians in Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher Carpenter 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(4):391-408
Although there is a growing international literature examining the relationship between sexual orientation and income or wages,
there is far less evidence on whether sexual minorities experience systematically different non-pecuniary economic outcomes.
I use confidential representative data on over 9,000 young Australian women age 22–27 with information on self-reported sexual
orientation, income, and non-pecuniary economic outcomes such as: workplace harassment, job search difficulty, work stress,
and job satisfaction. After controlling for demographic and work characteristics, I find that in comparison to heterosexual
women the young lesbians in my sample: (1) have lower personal incomes; (2) have significantly higher odds of reporting distressing
harassment at work, difficulty finding a job, losing a job, and decreased income; and (3) are significantly more dissatisfied
with and report more stress about economic aspects of their lives (e.g. work, career, money). Differentials for non-economic
aspects of life are generally smaller. These results for young lesbians in Australia suggest that lesbians are not a universally
“privileged” minority and highlight the need for more research into lifecycle variations into both pecuniary and non-pecuniary
aspects of economic well-being.
相似文献
Christopher CarpenterEmail: |
2.
Sexual Orientation and Labor Market Discrimination 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
We develop empirical estimates of the return to sexual orientation in the labor market and utilize the 2004 Current Population
Survey to determine if lesbians and gay men are treated differently from their heterosexual counterparts. We find strong evidence
consistent with the hypothesis of discriminatory treatment against gay men, and this evidence differs substantially by occupation.
On the other hand, we find no evidence of discrimination against lesbians. These findings are consistent with priors based
on economic theory of the standard taste for discrimination and statistical discrimination models. The results for both men
and women are consistent across wage and total compensation regressions.
相似文献
Edinaldo TebaldiEmail: |
3.
Fredrik Heyman 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(1):11-26
I use Swedish establishment-level panel data to test the hypothesis of Bertola and Rogerson (Eur Econ Rev 41:1147–1171 1997) of a positive relation between the degree of wage compression and job reallocation. Results indicate that the effect of
wage compression on job turnover is positive and significant in the manufacturing sector. The wage compression effect is stronger
on job destruction than on job creation, consistent with downward wage rigidity. Further results include a strong positive
relationship between the fraction of temporary employees and job turnover and a negative relationship between the amount of
working-time flexibility and job reallocation.
相似文献
Fredrik HeymanEmail: |
4.
Using a unique data source on marital status, partnership and sexual orientation of academics and administrators at British
universities, we estimate the impact of personal relationships upon earnings for men and women. While university data cover
a relatively homogeneous group of workers, the two sides of the university are very different, with administrative jobs being
more like the general job market in the economy. We find a large and significant married male premium, but only on the administrative
side of the university. There is no female marriage premium, and no partnership return to gay men or to either heterosexual
or homosexual women.
相似文献
Jeff Frank (Corresponding author)Email: |
5.
Collective Models of Labor Supply with Nonconvex Budget Sets and Nonparticipation: A Calibration Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Frederic Vermeulen Olivier Bargain Miriam Beblo Denis Beninger Richard Blundell Raquel Carrasco Maria-Concetta Chiuri François Laisney Valérie Lechene Nicolas Moreau Michal Myck Javier Ruiz-Castillo 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(2):113-127
We suggest a methodology to calibrate a collective model with household-specific bargaining rules and marriage-specific preferences
that incorporate leisure externalities. The empirical identification relies on the assumption that some aspects of individual
preferences remain the same after marriage, so that estimation on single individuals can be used. The procedure maps the complete
Pareto frontier of each household in the dataset and we define alternative measures of a power index. The latter is then regressed
on relevant bargaining factors, including a set of variables retracing the potential relative contributions of the spouses
to household disposable income. In its capacity to handle complex budget sets and labor force participation decisions of both
spouses, this framework allows the comparison of unitary and collective predictions of labor supply reactions and welfare
changes entailed by fiscal reforms in a realistic setting (see Michal Myck et al., 2006; Denis Beninger et al., 2006).
相似文献
Frederic VermeulenEmail: |
6.
This paper provides a multilayered analysis of how lesbian mothers and gay fathers construct their families in a social context
that has been described by Steven Seidman (2004) as “beyond the closet.” We stress how our participants’ family-building experiences are comparable to other non-biologically
related families, but distinct due to heterosexual dominance. Using in-depth qualitative interviews with 18 lesbian birth
mothers and 22 gay fathers, the authors discuss how participants navigate heterosexual dominance in institutions and in personal
interactions.
相似文献
Dana BerkowitzEmail: |
7.
N. Eugene Walls Cathryn Potter James Van Leeuwen 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2009,26(3):235-257
Using a sample of 628 homeless youth and young adults from eight US cities, this study examines whether the relationship between
having been in custody of social services and suicide attempts, and the relationship between engaging in survival sex and
suicide attempts differ based on sexual orientation. Findings suggest that being in custody of social services is associated
with a significant increase in likelihood of suicide attempts for heterosexual youth, it does not, however, significantly
change the already increased risk of suicide attempts for sexual minority youth. Engaging in survival sex appears to be associated
with increased risks of suicide attempts for both heterosexual and sexual minority youth, but the increase in likelihood is
much stronger for heterosexual youth than for sexual minority youth. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
相似文献
N. Eugene WallsEmail: |
8.
This paper analyzes poverty and its persistence in Sweden using a large panel with detailed income information obtained from
tax registers. As opposed to many commonly used household panels, the features of the data utilized in this paper allow us
to study native-immigrant differences in poverty. We use a hazard rate model based on multiple spells that accounts for unobserved
heterogeneity and endogenous initial conditions. The empirical results suggest that there is negative duration dependence
in both exit and entry hazard rates. Moreover, the transition rates are significantly affected by immigrant status, educational
attainment, labor market conditions, age, and family status.
相似文献
Jorgen HansenEmail: |
9.
Most analysis of intrahousehold decisions has been conducted using aggregate revealed preference data where preferences of
individual agents are never observed, only the household consumption outcomes are observed. We examine household behavior
in a bargaining framework by combining stated preference information from individual members of the household with revealed
preference information on the household’s actual choices. The resulting model provides information on the degree to which
the decision is the result of a bargaining process as well as information on the factors affecting bargaining power.
相似文献
Wiktor AdamowiczEmail: |
10.
David S. Loughran Ashlesha Datar M. Rebecca Kilburn 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(3):223-242
The theoretical and empirical literature on parental investment focuses on whether child-specific parental investments reinforce
or compensate for a child’s initial endowments. However, many parental investments, such as neighborhood quality and family
size and structure, are shared wholly or in part among all children in a household. The empirical results of this paper imply
that such household parental investments compensate for low endowments, as proxied by low birth weight.
相似文献
M. Rebecca KilburnEmail: |
11.
Fadzlan Sufian 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(1):114-126
By applying the non-parametric Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) method, this paper attempts to investigate the sources of
productivity changes of China’s State Owned Commercial Banks (SOCBs) and Joint Stock Commercial Banks (JSCBs) during the period
2000–2005. The empirical findings suggest that the China banking sector has exhibited productivity progress attributed to
the increase in efficiency. The empirical findings suggest that the SOCBs and the JSCBs have exhibited productivity progress
of 0.2 and 1.3%, respectively.
相似文献
Fadzlan SufianEmail: |
12.
Denis Beninger Olivier Bargain Miriam Beblo Richard Blundell Raquel Carrasco Maria-Concetta Chiuri François Laisney Valérie Lechene Ernesto Longobardi Nicolas Moreau Michal Myck Javier Ruiz-Castillo Frederic Vermeulen 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(2):159-180
This paper proposes a comparison of the results of tax policy analysis obtained on the basis of unitary and collective representations
of the household. We first generate labour supplies consistent with the collective rationality, by use of a model calibrated
on microdata as described in Vermeulen et al. [Collective Models of Household Labor Supply with Nonconvex Budget Sets and
Nonparticipation: A Calibration Approach (2006)]. A unitary model is then estimated on these collective data and unitary and collective responses to a tax reform are compared.
We focus on the introduction of linear taxation in Germany. The exercise is replicated for other European countries and other
topical reforms. Distortions due to the use of a unitary model turn out to be important in predicting labour supply adjustments,
in the design of tax revenue neutral reforms, and in predicting a reform’s welfare implications.
相似文献
Denis BeningerEmail: |
13.
Qualitative research has investigated distinct couple types that divide work and family responsibilities based on employment
circumstances and relationship characteristics, but such research is not conducive to identifying frequencies of couple types
or statistically comparing work-family circumstances across couple types. The current study incorporated both employment and
family variables in identifying four distinct dual-earner couple types among respondents from the National Survey of the Changing
Workforce. Couple types were compared regarding demographic information, and memberships in couple types were predicted based
on this information. Some significant differences emerged that may begin to explain the circumstances and motivations behind
selecting certain work-family arrangements, though the more peer-like couples were less distinct and in some ways less economically advantaged than expected.
相似文献
Shelley M. MacDermidEmail: |
14.
Close to Home: A Simultaneous Equations Model of the Relationship Between Child Care Accessibility and Female Labor Force Participation 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Rising rates of maternal employment among current and former welfare recipients have increased the use of non-parental child
care. Little empirical work examines the relationship between women’s labor supply and the geographic supply of child care.
We combine census data with child care provider information for the state of Maryland to explore the relationship between
female labor supply and the geographic supply of child care. OLS and 3-SLS equations are estimated, and the findings are consistent
across each estimator: Women’s labor supply is sensitive to the geographic supply of child care and vice versa. These results
are important because states now spend significant money on quality improvement initiatives, many of which increase child
care supply in low-income neighborhoods.
相似文献
Burt S. BarnowEmail: |
15.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
16.
Judith P. Siegel 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2007,35(4):223-227
A case of attempted maternal-filial suicide is discussed from the perspective of trauma, emotional regulation and defense
mechanisms. Case details which include childhood sexual abuse, observed parental violence and emotional neglect allow for
an illustration of the impact of childhood family experiences on adult intimacy and coping patterns. Domestic violence and
the perception of protection are also explored. Emotional regulation in the experience of despair is approached from an object
relations perspective. Based on this, implications for prevention and treatment are presented.
相似文献
Judith P. SiegelEmail: |
17.
Annie Fahy 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2007,35(3):199-205
Current research has determined that a larger percent of social workers and other counselors are affected by PTSD types of
symptoms when working with traumatized clients than the general population. While much of this research addresses workers
in specific trauma areas like sexual assault centers or child welfare agencies, little specific thought has been given towards
the special stress that working with Substance Abuse Disorders (SA) and trauma may present. This paper takes a brief look
at the issues of vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue with SA practice and describes future investigation pathways toward
this goal.
相似文献
Annie FahyEmail: |
18.
We use unique survey data, collected by the Workers’ Compensation Board of Ontario, to estimate the labor supply response
of disabled male workers to benefit payouts and their post-injury wage. Our data enable us to fill gaps in the existing literature
by estimating the hours as well as the return-to-work response for younger as well as older workers, based on objective rather
than subjective self-reporting of disability status. Our results suggest a strong positive incentive effect from higher wages
a and that lump-sum benefit payouts that are not reduced if earnings increased generally do not have adverse incentives on
the return-to-work and hours decision, except for an income effect over the longer life cycle of younger men. We also discuss
the policy implications of our estimates.
相似文献
Morley GundersonEmail: |
19.
Michael S. Finke Sandra J. Huston Deanna L. Sharpe 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2006,27(3):542-561
Nationally representative data are used to compare the magnitude, composition, and distribution of accumulated wealth of early boomers (born between 1946 and 1957) and pre-boomers (born between 1934 and 1945) at the same life cycle stage (ages 44–45, occurring in 1989 for pre-boomers and in 2001 for early boomers). Early boomers have accumulated greater mean wealth than pre-boomers at the same age, however median wealth did not change and net worth among lower-middle wealth groups declined. Multivariate analysis identified demographic change among those in the wealth distribution tails that indicates the increasing importance of education and race as predictors of wealth.
相似文献
Michael S. FinkeEmail: |
20.
Do Reservation Wages Really Decline? Some International Evidence on the Determinants of Reservation Wages 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using cross-country data, we investigate the determinants of reservation wages and their course over the jobless spell. Higher
unemployment benefits lead to higher reservation wages. Further, again consistent with the basic search model, repeated observations
on the same individual provide scant evidence of declining reservation wages.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: |