从“奴隶”到总统：奥巴马的美国梦

300年前,衣衫褴褛,手脚镣铐,贱比牲畜,街头拍卖的黑奴;300年后,西装革履,星光闪烁,贵为上宾,美国的新任总统--巴拉克·奥巴马.300年间,美国黑人的地位从奴隶到总统,发生了惊人的变化.     

大学如何改变寒门学子命运:家庭贫困、非认知能力和初职收入

社会分层和流动研究发现,在接受过大学教育的人中,社会经济地位的代际相关性降低,甚至是消失了。这一发现被看做大学教育促进社会流动的有力证据,但其作用机制往往被简单地归因于学生的高度选择性或者劳动力市场中大学文凭的符号效应,大学教育过程本身对学生人力资本提高的作用却被忽略了。本文利用一个对大学生群体为期五年的追踪调查数据,试图证明大学教育自身对家庭背景影响的削弱作用,来自于为不同社会阶层出身的学生提供一个公平开放的学习锻炼环境,帮助他们,特别是那些来自弱势家庭的学生,提高自身的非认知能力,以应对毕业后的工作。     

From Plus to Minus

By the late 1970s, the era of détente and Brezhnev, Soviet children had to juggle positive views that painted “America” as a land of freedom and plenty with negative views that portrayed it as a monster bent on nuclear annihilation. Amid inaccurate and incomplete information about the outside world, children constructed fantasy images of America not unlike their images of sex, another attractive but forbidden topic.     

世界贸易体制的历史反思——从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织

本文回顾了战后世界贸易体制从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织的发展历程 ,认为它经历了从美国霸权主导到走向重建的过程 ,它作为一种国际机制是成功的。现阶段该体制仍处于重建的过程中 ,这为中国参与机制建设提供了契机。发展中国家在世界贸易体制中的发展历史表明了对于中国这样的大国来说 ,等待受惠没有出路 ,利用已有的经济权力参与机制重建 ,使其发出来自中国的声音 ,是中国的国家利益所在。     

From Charity to Citizenship NPOs in Taiwan

This paper examines the historical formation of non-profit organizations (NPOs) in Taiwan. The charity discourse has been dominated among NPOs due to the Confucian and Buddhist traditions in the early twentieth century and reinforced by Western Christian charity organizations during the U.S. aid in the Cold War period. During the Nationalist government period, NPO was a means of social control for the so-called strongman authoritarian state. The political democratization since the mid 1980s has initiated a process of rapid expansion for the NPO sector as a sign for the emerging civil society. NPOs aimed at administrative advocacy and legislative lobby mark the birth of an autonomous civil society. These NPOs adopt citizenship discourse in their formation of group identity. Cases are presented and discussed to illustrate the particularity of each stage. As NPOs become significant players in public domain, the tension and struggle between civil society and state apparatus increase. The privatization strategy of social services by the state may have the effect of re-colonizing civil society.     

从先验自我到生活世界

一直以来,先验自我被看成是孤立的主体;相应地,悬搁、还原被看成是现象学认识论的主要手段与途径。其实,先验自我因其构造性具有普遍性而本身就是主体间性的,因而悬搁与还原更是形而上学的奠基。先验自我的本质在于逻辑性,先验自我自身的逻辑性决定了它被把握为什么:逻辑。它首先是一种功能,就其能进行构造而言,表现为主体性;就其构造性具有普遍性而言,表现为交互主体性。先验自我把自身把握为功能性、主体性、交互主体性,而这一切都源于先验自我将自身根本地把握为逻辑性,并从中阐明了我们日常的交互主体性的世界实际上就是先验自我的显发,先验自我与生活世界实际上是一以贯之的一体。但二者是有区别的:前者是一个混沌未分的世界,它没有成见,没有一定,因而包含了所有的可能性;后者则是我们个人在自身的经历中形成的属于个人的特殊的世界,它包含了我们个人的成见,总是从一定的角度出发去看事情,而对事情的其他可能性却视而不见,因而也就没有如实地把握事情本身。为了把握事情本身,我们就要从个人的特殊的有成见的生活世界返回到先验自我,那样一个没有成见的世界。而这就需要悬搁与还原———它使我们摆脱个人的特殊的生活世界,即摆脱特殊的视角,从而如其所是的观照事情,并在这种观照之中保持我们自身人之为人的本质。从而表明悬搁与还原在形而上学层面上的奠基作用。     

From Phenomenon to Intellectual Object

Ⅰ.AGeneralClassificationofPhenomenaInChinesephilosophytextbooksanddictionaries,aphenomenonisgenerallydefinedinphilosophyas"theexternalappearanceofessence"and"immediatelyperceptibleexternalfeaturesandexternalinterrelationships."Basedonthisdefinition,thedifferencesbetweenessenceandphenomenonareasfollows:1)Aphenomenonisexternalandessenceisinternal;2)Aphenomenonisperceptiblebutessenceisonlygraspedbythebrain'srationalprocesses;and3)Aphenomenonisconcrete,perceptibleandtemporary,whileessenceisgene…     

从分析哲学到实用主义——当代西方美学的一个新方向

当代西方美学受到分析哲学的强烈影响。甚至可以说 ,当代西方美学的主流 ,就是以分析哲学方法讨论艺术问题的分析美学。在受分析哲学统治差不多近半个世纪里 ,美学不仅没有得到很好的发展 ,而且严重地萎缩了。美学的真正复兴似乎还没有来临。其主要原因是 ,分析哲学仍然阻碍着美学的发展。美学的真正复兴 ,必须首先将其从分析哲学中解救出来。突破分析哲学的统治 ,寻找新的哲学方向 ,成了当今英美美学的一个热门话题。其中新近发展起来的新实用主义美学 ,正在产生越来越大的影响 ,成为当前英美美学的一个新的凝聚点。     

从生态学到生态语言学的研究

本文通过文献梳理和分析,对生态学与生态语言学的联系进行交叉对比,围绕生态学渊源、传统语言学流派里的生态意识、生态语言学概念的提出、生态语言学的基础理论和主要研究领域进行论述,旨在对生态语言学的内涵和研究意义做出较为详细的解读。     

From Youth to Adult Homelessness

Governments have shown an interest in early intervention strategies to reduce youth homelessness, but critics say that early intervention programs lack clear outcomes. This paper investigates what happens when early intervention programs are not in place and young people progress to adult homelessness. The paper assesses the ‘social adaptation’ hypothesis that the longer young people are homeless the more they adapt to homelessness as a way of life. The paper uses information on 1,677 individuals who first became homeless when they were 18 or younger. Three‐quarters of the sample had progressed to adult homelessness (defined as 25 or older) and one‐quarter were now young adults aged 19 to 24. The findings confirm that the longer people are homeless, the more difficult it becomes to get out of homelessness. However, the social adaptation account overstates the extent to which people accept homelessness as a ‘way of life‘. People can return to conventional accommodation if they are given long‐term support. The paper concludes with three policy recommendations.     

From the Editor: A Tribute to STRONG Youth,Inc.

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