电子公共大脑本体系统设计

本体系统方法是目前在知识管理、人工智能等领域得到广泛应用的新型系统方法。本文通过对支持群体交互知识管理的电子公共大脑本体系统设计的案例,对本体系统方法的概念、构成和应用方法作了一个示例性介绍。     

基于本体的新产品研发知识管理研究

本文在分析了新产品研发知识管理的需求和传统知识管理系统局限的基础上,提出了构建基于本体的新产品研发知识管理系统的思想;然后采用本体方法建立新产品研发领域知识本体模型,并提出基于本体的新产品研发知识管理框架,以支持新产品研发知识的管理、共享和重用,为我国企业实施新产品研发信息化和知识管理,提供可选择的路径.     

应用本体理论构建联合作战实验室

针对我军院校实验室建设存在的建设体系分散、互通性与互操作性差等问题,本文提出了一种基于本体理论构建联合作战实验室的思路,结合我军特点,从本体知识的角度对联合作战实验室的内容进行划分,能够有效地表现知识的层次结构和语义关系,实现了语义层次上相互之间的信息共享和交换,使得联合实验室的建设更加结构化和合理化.     

基于本体的企业信息系统分析

企业管理信息化需待提高到知识层面管理的必要性日趋显著,因此近年来本体(ontology)在知识工程及其相关应用领域获得了广泛的关注.本文比较了主要的信息系统分析方法理论,提出了基于本体的方法来建立企业信息系统的分析设计工作,即以一般制造企业为领域集,借鉴该领域集内现有的本体研究,提炼出了企业元模型和元本体,概述了在此基础上扩展领域本体生成适用的应用本体的过程,并选择"经营销售管理"子领域作具体的实例分析.     

基于本体的大学生就业系统知识分析与建模

针对毕业大学生与用人企业之间信息交流不通畅、不全面、不对称的现状,基于本体的知识表示方法,建立本体知识库,定义公理规则,并通过一致性分析验证和完善该本体库及对应的公理,完成知识推理.最后,在大学生就业系统本体模型的基础上,给出该系统的语义查询设计模型.该本体模型将为大学生就业系统的开发提供理论依据,同时为本体思想在其他领域或行业的应用提供借鉴,这将对发展本体理论知识,提高信息检索的查全率和查准率起到促进作用.     

“大数据”背景下统计知识形成的超网络模型探究

随网络技术发展应运而生的"大数据",对传统统计工作理念、方法及知识形成产生了重大的影响,因而需对统计知识形成进行新的思考,本文采用超网络的思想和方法对这一问题进行了研究,提出了统计组织知识形成的ODK超网络模型,该模型由非结构化网络、结构化网络以及半结构化网络三个层级网络结构构成,为统计组织知识管理提供了一种新的思路和工具。     

半正式化组织中成员知识共享情境研究

以一个典型的半正式化组织为案例,利用社会网络方法,构建组织的知识共享网络,并对该网络成员间知识共享的结构化特征进行了测度.在此基础上,通过结构化和半结构化访谈,揭示了成员知识共享结构化特征背后的情境因素,进而以半正式化组织和情境学习理论为支撑,揭示了该组织内部知识共享网络“中心性”成员的“身份”与“权力”情境特征、“边缘化”成员的“参与”情境特征以及“知识共享群体”的形成情境特征.由此,从个体情境、组织情境和组织支持3个角度,建立了影响半正式化组织知识共享绩效的概念模型.     

航空企业技术改造项目管理信息系统开发研究

结合航空企业信息系统的开发环境和几种常用系统开发方法的特点,确定了本系统的开发采用结构化生命周期法和原型法相结合的方法.在对航空企业技术改造项目管理业务进行详细需求分析的基础上,给出了系统的功能结构模型.     

知识管理中的本体论

本体在信息系统中的应用取决于知识型系统的商业需要,同时也受到管理范式变迁的影响;人们对信息的理解异构是比计算机系统数据存储模式异构更重要的问题,本体能在多大程度上帮助智力资本的隐性知识显性化对知识管理的发展起着决定性作用。     

一种基于本体的汽车维修知识管理系统

本体是一种能在语义和知识层次上描述领域相关问题的概念模型框架,能较好解决领域知识的共享和重用,因而在计算机的许多领域得到广泛应用.本文以KAON2为本体开发平台,为汽车维修企业开发一个建立在J2EE分布式组件环境的知识管理系统,它具有提供语义匹配的能力,系统框架由表示层、逻辑层及数据层3个部分组成.该系统同样适用于知识驱动的企业.     

An evaluation of the effects of a National Health Service Trust merger on the learning and development of staff

Although mergers are increasingly common amongst National Health Trusts in the UK there is limited research on how National Health Service (NHS) mergers influence the learning and development of staff. This paper bridges the gap in the literature, through a case-study of a recent NHS Trust merger. It gives an account of the delivery of human resource development (HRD) post merger as seen through the eyes of staff from across the merged organization. The data were obtained from 21 unstructured interviews, nine group discussions, two focus group discussions and a form of micro-ethnography. In addition, quantitative data were used for triangulation purposes. Findings show that power differentials, cultural clashes and unequal access to training and development amongst staff have resulted in hostility towards the new organization. However, the strong management structures for professional members of staff have facilitated knowledge exchange across boundaries in the merged organization. The paper concludes by suggesting that without senior managers dealing with cultural issues and inequitable development opportunities, a number of unintended consequences of the merger are likely to occur.     

Automating Knowledge Acquisition and Refinement for Decision Support: A Connectionist Inductive Inference Model*

An important application of expert systems technology is to provide support for nonstructured decision making. Usually, nonstructured decision making is characterized by heavy reliance on heuristic knowledge, which is very difficult to articulate or document, and therefore traditional knowledge acquisition approaches are not very successful. The quality and effectiveness of an expert system supporting unstructured decision making is affected when traditional knowledge acquisition approaches are used. To alleviate this problem a model is proposed that combines inductive inference and neural network computing, and an example is presented that illustrates the potential of this model in unstructured decision support.     

An Empirical Study of the Effect of Knowledge Management Processes at Individual,Group, and Organizational Levels*

To enhance our understanding of knowledge management, this paper focuses on a specific question: How do knowledge management processes influence perceived knowledge management effectiveness? Prior literature is used to develop the research model, including hypotheses about the effects of four knowledge management processes (internalization, externalization, socialization, and combination) on perceived individual‐level, group‐level, and organizational‐level knowledge management effectiveness. The study was conducted at the John F. Kennedy Space Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration using a survey of 159 individuals and two rounds of personal interviews. Structural equation modeling was performed to test measurement and structural models using the survey data. The emergent model suggests that internalization and externalization impact perceived effectiveness of individual‐level knowledge management. Socialization and combination influence perceived effectiveness of knowledge management at group and organizational levels, respectively. The results also support the expected upward impact in perceived effectiveness of knowledge management, from individual to group level, as well as from group level to organizational level. The study's limitations and implications for practice and future research are described.     

A Study of the Impact of an Integrated Information Technology on the Time Utilization of Information Workers

This paper examines the impact of the implementation of an integrated information technology (IIT) on the time utilization of information workers as mediated by the content of the information work performed. The IIT in this study is a system of personal computers linked together in a network for sharing computing, data, and communication resources. The subjects of the study were two groups of information workers in an academic field setting. One group consisted of knowledge workers whose chief activity was to advise and counsel students. The other group represented lower level information workers who provided support service to an academic department. A two-dimensional framework was used to classify each of the activities an information worker performs relative to its importance and programmability within the context of the information work. Using work sampling methodology, it was determined that the IIT was associated with the knowledge workers' reallocation of work time to important yet relatively unstructured tasks. The lower level information workers became more efficient in performing highly structured skill-based activities. However, there was no statistically significant improvement in the effectiveness of the work completed as perceived by the clients of both groups of information workers. The results suggest that when an IIT is implemented, the manner in which newly available time is utilized depends on the nature of the information work performed by the users.     

线上线下互动、群体分化与知识共享的关系研究——基于虚拟社区的实证分析

线上线下互动是随着互联网和虚拟社区发展而出现的新现象,伴随着社区会员的线上线下互动,虚拟社区内部出现了群体分化。以社会认同理论和社会网络理论为基础,本文对线上线下互动中会员关系的变化及其对知识共享的影响进行了研究,构建了相应的假设模型和测量量表,并对线上互动、群体分化等构念进行了解构。以287份有效问卷为基础,对提出的假设模型进行了验证。发现频繁的线上互动会引起社区会员的群体分化,频繁的线下互动会进一步促进社区内部的分化,而群体分化对虚拟社区知识共享具有正向的促进作用。群体分化的引入和相关量表的开发,丰富了在线知识管理理论,对虚拟社区的管理及其利用有一定的实践意义。     

面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网研究

知识创新是企业提高核心竞争力最重要的手段之一。当今世界经济一体化,全球创新方向正在向开放式创新转变。开放式创新环境下,跨组织、跨地域的开放式创新团队成为知识创新的主要载体。社会化标签能够使团队成员按照自己对知识的认知方式进行知识交互与协作,有利于促进开放式团队知识创新。但是由于标签标注的自由性,如何建立标签之间的关联关系以更有效地支持开放式环境中基于标签的知识管理与知识创新成为该领域的关键议题。本文研究并提出了面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网方法,并对该方法进行了应用研究,通过比较实验组和对照组的应用结果,可以发现面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网方法能够动态地展示标签之间的关联关系,从而支持开放式环境中的团队知识创新。     

知识管理战略、组织能力与绩效的关系实证研究

本文在文献研究的基础上归纳出描述和测量知识管理战略的六个主要维度:外部导向、内部导向、显性导向、隐性导向、探索导向和利用导向.基于397家中国企业的问卷调查所得数据,本文检验了知识管理战略、组织能力和企业绩效三者的关系,发现知识管理战略能显著地提升组织能力,而组织能力对企业绩效有显著的促进作用,组织能力在知识管理战略与企业绩效的关系中起完全中介作用.     

群体行为集成化知识描述与定性模拟研究

针对群体行为变化过程的定性模拟问题,利用定性因果推理和QSIM算法的思路,研究了与人群行为有关的知识描述方法,包括对外部环境、内部文化环境、管理措施、人群内各要素状态、各要素相互关系的描述。然后设计了定性模拟的规则和算法步骤。将上述方法用于一个群体行为变化实例的模拟,模拟结果表明,本文所提出的方法能够较好地解决复杂管理系统的定性模拟问题,所得结果符合实际情况和相关的组织行为理论。