共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Unwed fathers’ ability to pay child support: New estimates accounting for multiple-partner fertility
We present new estimates of unwed fathers’ ability to pay child support. Prior research relied on surveys that drastically
undercounted nonresident unwed fathers and provided no link to their children who lived in separate households. To overcome
these limitations, previous research assumed assortative mating and that each mother partnered with one father who was actually
eligible to pay support and had no other child support obligations. Because the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study
contains data on couples, multiple-partner fertility, and a rich array of other previously unmeasured characteristics of fathers,
it is uniquely suited to address the limitations of previous research. We also use an improved method of dealing with missing
data. Our findings suggest that previous research overestimated the aggregate ability of unwed nonresident fathers to pay
child support by 33% to 60%. 相似文献
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《当代中国人口》1999,(Z2)
ThemunicipalgoverllmentofBeliinghasallocated69.56millionRMB(US$8.4million)toimprovetilesocialwelfareoftheelderlybetWeenJalluaryl997alldSeptelllber1999,accordingtoLiuBaoclleng,directoroftileBetjlugMunicipalCiviIBureatl.Ofthatamoullt,24.7151llillionRMB(US$2.98million)wasspentill1999.Tilebtlreau11asalsodolle1llorethan100tasksfortheelderlytillsyeaLItillstalledemergencybellsforaboutl,30011omeswhereelderslivealone,solddiscountparkticketstomorethan100,000retiredpeople,setupspecialservicesfor… 相似文献
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Charles Waldauer 《Population research and policy review》1984,3(2):141-166
This article critically evaluates the legal doctrine of comparable worth, including recent federal court decisions related to it. The doctrine mandates equal pay for jobs requiring comparable—but not equal—skill, effort and responsibility. As a standard for determining whether sex discrimination in pay has occurred, comparable worth is an economically defective concept and inappropriate to the task.The comparable worth standard is based solely on job content, measured in terms of the internal characteristics of the work performed and conditions of work. This standard completely ignores external market forces which affect the supply of labor and the pay that employers must offer to attract and retain their workers. For example, although female workers receive only about 60 percent of the pay earned by their male counterparts, between two-thirds and three-quarters of this male-female differential in pay is associated with gender differences in the nature and availability of labor.The importance of external market forces in establishing the value of jobs is best demonstrated in higher education by comparing the labor markets for and salaries of various academic disciplines. The observed differences in academic salaries by discipline are not the result of job discrimination but, rather, reflect differences in the opportunity costs facing faculty in terms of the employment alternatives outside of higher education. Even though significant differences in salary levels exist between disciplines, higher education is still plagued by chronic and substantial labor market imbalances. These imbalances are an indication that salary levels have not varied sufficiently to fully reflect external market forces.This article is a revision of the President's Lecture presented by the author at Widener University on November 29, 1983. 相似文献
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《当代中国人口》2005,(1)
Revisions to the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women (also known as the Women’s Law) and the Law on the Protection of Minors have been included in the legislative plan of the 10th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, which is currently in session. The All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) submitted draft amendments to the Women's Law to the State Council at the end of last year. The amendments include adding the national policy ofgender equali… 相似文献
5.
Alyson K. McClatchey Alison Shield Lynn H. Cheong Sally L. Ferguson Gabrielle M. Cooper Gregory J. Kyle 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(5):362-366
Problem
The need for medication during lactation can contribute to the early cessation of breastfeeding.Background
Breastfeeding women may require medication for acute or chronic health conditions. For some women this need for medication can become a barrier to breastfeeding; this is despite the fact that the majority of medications are considered to be compatible with lactation.Aim
This narrative review aims to investigate factors relating to medicines safety that could contribute to medication unnecessarily becoming a barrier to breastfeeding.Methods
A selective literature search using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted over a 6-month period using the search terms “breastfeeding”, “lactation”, “medication” and “information”. Articles were assessed to identify whether they addressed the impact of medication use on the decision to breastfeed.Findings
Fifty six articles were identified as having appropriate discussion about decision making for the safe use of medication during lactation. Themes identified included variable and conflicting safety advice for medicines; difficulty interpreting risks associated with medicine use; societal pressures faced by the breastfeeding woman; and the varied knowledge and training of health professionals involved in the care of breastfeeding women.Conclusion
Poor quality of information about medicine safety during lactation can contribute to confusion in giving recommendations. This confusion can result in early cessation of breastfeeding or insufficient health care for the breastfeeding woman. 相似文献6.
7.
Do elderly parents use coresidence with or financial transfers from children to reduce their own labour supply in old age? This paper is one of only a few studies that seeks to formally model elderly labour supply in the context of a developing country while taking into account coresidency with and financial transfers from children. We find little evidence that support from children—either through transfers or coresidency—substitutes for elderly parents’ need to work. Thus, as in developed countries, there is a role for public policy to enhance the welfare of the elderly population. 相似文献
8.
《当代中国人口》2002,(3)
In three or five years, the employment situation in China will aggravate: in addition to current problems of laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and surplus rural laborers, there will be intensive competition for jobs between China抯 urban and rural laborers and between countries, according to Chen Huai, researcher with the State Council Development Research Center, a leading economic think tank. 200 Million Surplus Rural Laborers China抯 development in the next five years will… 相似文献
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10.
Vanessa Gash 《Social indicators research》2009,93(3):569-586
This paper examines the extent of and the mechanisms behind the penalty to motherhood in six European countries. Each country
provides different levels of support for maternal employment allowing us to determine institutional effects on labour market
outcome. While mothers tend to earn less than non-mothers, the penalty to motherhood is considerably lower in countries with
policy support for working mothers. The paper establishes the United Kingdom and West Germany to have the least policy support
for working mothers as well as the largest penalties to motherhood.
相似文献
| Vanessa GashEmail: |
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《当代中国人口》2000,(Z1)
The strategic decision to develop the vast regionof western China is a blessing to people livingin that part of the country. Predictably,however, many obstacles will have to be overcomefor that objective to realize. The population issue,particularly with regard to the ethnic population,stands out as one to be reckoned with seriously.Currently, the ethnic population in the westernprovinces - Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan. TibetShaanxi. Gansu, Qinghai. Ningxia, Xinjiang, InnerMongolia and Guangx… 相似文献
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《当代中国人口》2000,(Z1)
Chinese women's fertility rate declined to belowthe replacement level in the early 1990s.However, a significant disparity in populationdevelopment exists between regions due to unevensocioeconomic development and different degrees towhich the family. planning program is implemented.China can be distinctly divided into three parts :eastern, central and western, based on different levelsof economic development, natural endowments,topographical conditions and access to transportation.Accordingly,… 相似文献
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Social Indicators Research - It is a misjudgement to assume that R&D subsidies, patent protections or alike are sufficient to promote innovation. In fact, innovations incubate and hatch... 相似文献
19.
Wen-Ching Chen Jung-Der Wang Jing-Shiang Hwang Chiao-Chicy Chen Chia-Huei Wu Grace Yao 《Social indicators research》2009,94(1):97-114
The purpose of this study was to test whether the web version is an alternative to the paper version of the short version
of the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL-BREF). Two studies were conducted. Study 1 used crossover
self-controlled trials with 80 participants to compare the web and paper versions and to determine the test–retest reliability
of the web version. Study 2 used data from 1,016 web participants to analyze the internal consistency and concurrent and construct
validity of the web version. The correlations of domain scores between the web and paper versions ranged from 0.71 to 0.85.
Dependent t tests showed no significant differences in domain scores between these two versions. The intra-class correlation coefficients
(ICC) for test–retest reliability of web version ranged from 0.79 to 0.91. The Cronbach’s α for internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.60 to 0.83. Multiple regression models indicated that the web version
has good concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the second-order hierarchical factor model also supported
the construct validity of the web version. The web version of the WHOQOL-BREF can be the alternative to the paper version
for health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) evaluation. 相似文献