推动沿边民族地区经济发展的新契机:边境跨国经济合作区

沿边民族地区的对外开放,作为中国全方位对外开放整体格局中的一个不可缺少的部分,经过数年精心运作,取得了显著的成效.但所取得的成就与其所具有的潜力和肩负的使命之间,尚有相当的距离,不论是开放的深度、广度,还是对内地经济的拉动,还都显得非常单薄.同时,边境贸易难度越来越大,影响和制约经济发展的问题,也越来越清楚地暴露出来.面对这严峻的形势,本文在调查分析的基础上,提出了在沿边民族地区建立边境跨国经济合作区,作为推动沿边开放不断向更深层次发展的对外开放战略升级规划.进一步推动沿边民族地区经济发展.     

研究民族地区旅游扶贫的力作——《民族地区旅游扶贫研究》简评

《民族地区旅游扶贫研究》一书契合了当下民族地区扶贫的需求,是民族地区扶贫研究的一大突破。该书理论研究较深入,梳理清晰;研究方法科学,论证严密;旁征博引,提出可行性的对策;分析独到,具有理论和实践指导意义。     

民族地区沿边开放效果及政策研究——以云南省为例

自20世纪90年代以来,沿边开放作为中国对外开放战略的重要组成部分,成为国家重点关注领域。在沿边开放政策扶持下,沿边民族地区对外开放水平显著提高。本文以云南省为研究案例,在较全面梳理国家沿边开放政策及云南省相关配套政策实施历程基础上,运用因子分析对政策实施后沿边开放总体效果进行综合测度,运用实证分析法对沿边开放政策实施后所取得的成效、存在的问题及其影响进行梳理,在此基础上提出了一系列进一步完善沿边开放政策的政策建议。     

民族地区旅游业呼唤诚信建设

在我国，民族地区是旅游资源相对富集的地区，旅游业有着巨大的发展潜力．在许多地区．旅游业对民族经济发展的贡献日益增大．     

跨界互惠与沿边地区自我发展能力建设

沿边地区的有效治理是国家治理体系与能力现代化建设的重要组成部分。跨界互惠基于跨界边民之间的纽带关系，源于边民的内在需求，是一种跨越边界的特殊社会性表达，承载着跨越边界的人文关怀。广西河洲村边民通过互市立足沿边地区资源禀赋、比较优势、发展条件等，重视“能力人”及其能力培育的自我能力建设实践，可为全国、区域乃至全球沿边地区有效治理及跨界互惠提供借鉴。     

少数民族地区乡村旅游扶贫研究——以桂林龙胜龙脊景区为例

在民族地区乡村旅游开发中,开办小型旅游经营实体是社区参与的主要形式和旅游扶贫的重要方式.基于桂林龙胜龙脊景区的调查发现,业主创办实体动机以解决生计压力最为迫切,同时追求个人或家庭理想生活方式的主观愿望强烈.在实体旅游扶贫效益发挥方面,家庭相关效益明显,受业主能力和外部环境综合影响,实体的经济效益并不十分理想,导致部分村民对旅游开发持消极态度,影响到旅游业的可持续发展.为此提出以政府主导的扶持小型旅游经营实体的措施,以促进实体扶贫效益的发挥.     

试论如何发展湖南民族地区旅游业

湖南民族地区蕴藏着丰富的自然风光资源和人文旅游资源,大力发展民族地区旅游业是带动民族地区经济社会发展快速、和谐发展的有效途径。如何做大做强民族地区的旅游业,从而达到“以一业带百业”的效果,促进民族地区经济社会的快速增长和全面发展,笔者以为主要可以从以下四方面下功夫。一、科学制定旅游规划,在“战略”上狠下功夫加强旅游规划工作,通过高水平、高质量的规划管理,实现对旅游业发展的宏观指导,对于促进旅游业快速、健康、有序发展具有十分重大的意义和作用。一般而言,民族地区的旅游开发,可利用的资源多以当地少数民族文化为主…     

广西边境民族地区旅游发展赋能乡村振兴：作用机理与发展策略

依托中越边境地区的资源优势，加快广西边境民族地区旅游发展，是助力沿边地区文化和旅游产业共同发展和乡村振兴的重要抓手。旅游发展能够通过绿水青山、产业融合、文化传承、社区参与、增收就业等优势推进广西边境民族地区乡村的产业振兴、生态振兴、文化振兴、组织振兴、人才振兴，使其建成“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”美丽乡村。在广西边境民族地区旅游发展赋能乡村振兴的进程中，需要采取强化规划引领、提供政策保障，深入挖掘文化内涵、打造系列特色旅游品牌，创新旅游发展模式、巩固脱贫攻坚成果，加强区域旅游发展、深化协同合作等强有力的策略。     

边境安全视角下边疆民族地区乡村“空心化”问题研究

边境安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,边境地区独特的地理位置也决定了其具有一定的政治特殊性。“空心村”现象各方面的负面影响对边境安全中的经济安全、文化安全、社会安全等造成了一定的威胁。本研究以吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州（以下简称“延边地区”）的乡村为研究对象,首先对边境安全及边民的重要性进行理论梳理及阐述;其次从延边地区乡村“空心化”的主要表现形式和形成原因两个方面进行系统分析,认为,延边地区乡村“空心化”主要表现为人口大量流失、人口老龄化问题严重、农村产业及社会保障空心化、民族文化传承受到威胁等四种形式。其形成原因主要有城乡收入及生活条件多方面差距、产业及经济发展水平落后、基础设施及社会服务的影响、地缘政治的影响等;再次基于边境安全与“空心村”现象的影响关系,对延边地区“空心村”进行深入分析,认为,存在社会安全隐患问题加大、群众及基层组织防范意识及能力不足、社会资源难以整合、对边境地区乡村振兴战略的稳步推进产生影响四个层面的问题;最后在边境安全视角下提出把边境地区“空心化”问题提升到边境安全的高度、发展壮大农村龙头产业,促进村民就业增收、优化边民财政补贴政策,实现“人心齐,泰山移”、进一步加强边境地区社会管控工作,增强群众向心力、凝聚力、全面贯彻落实乡村振兴战略,改善村民生产生活条件等五个解决措施。     

民族地区生态旅游业体系化发展浅谈

为充分发挥民族地区旅游资源优势。加快生态旅游产业化发展步伐，以此带动其他相关产业进而促进民族地区经济社会全面发展，就民族地区生态旅游发展和整个旅游可持续发展的工作角度看，应大力加强各个方面的措施，推动生态旅游业体系化发展。     

西部边疆民族地区农村人居环境整治提升的现实价值与优化路径

西部边疆民族地区的农村人居环境整治提升,是“乡村振兴”战略实施过程中的突出短板之一。边疆民族地区农村人居环境整治提升有着内外共洽的现实价值,是贯彻落实国家政策布局的客观要求,也是促进区域高质量发展的基本需要与铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要依托。在当前工作开展过程中,既面临着相对复杂的环境基础和后继乏力的资源条件,也存在着尚待完善的治理格局等主客观问题共存的现实挑战。西部边疆民族地区人居环境整治提升的进一步优化,要实现人与自然和谐共生的目标共生、提升各方面支持供给积极性的资源共生和统筹政治性、生活性与技术性的行动共生,打造生态宜居、安居乐业的美丽家园,实现西部边疆民族地区基层乡村各族群众的共同发展、绿色发展、全面发展。     

"兴边富民行动"有利于缩小地区间的发展差距

本文认为,"兴边富民行动"是针对我国陆地边境地区所采取的一项系统工程,只要这项政策能够得到真正的贯彻实施,那么就会为缩小东西部地区的发展差距作出突出的贡献.     

基于共生理论的青藏地区入境旅游区域合作研究

因为区域背景和旅游区域合作的共生环境,青藏地区旅游在本质上存在一种共生关系.本文从共生概念和旅游共生关系的内涵入手,研究了青藏地区旅游区域合作的可能性与必要性.通过对青藏地区入境旅游流的季节性、旅游收入、转移态、经济联系强度的定量计算,分析了旅游区域合作的共生条件,进一步说明了青藏地区跨行政区域旅游合作的可行性.     

凉山彝区防止返贫的困境与对策

十八大以来,在党和国家的高度重视下,凉山彝区脱贫攻坚成绩斐然。2020年,凉山彝区10县区域性整体贫困问题全面消除。为了巩固彝区脱贫成果,守住不发生规模性返贫底线,推进彝区乡村振兴,实现彝区农业稳产、农民稳收、农村稳定,本文主要从凉山彝区的社会发育程度低、自然环境恶劣、交通发展滞后、公共基础薄弱、市场发展缓慢、内生动力缺乏等详细地分析了制约凉山彝区持久脱贫的困境因素;并就防止凉山彝区规模性返贫的困境因素,首先从政策、产业和互助合作方面对已有的主要帮扶措施进行了优化与健全,其次,从构建与完善保障督查、政策联动、内生动力激发、贫困文化消解、禁毒防艾和监测评估等机制方面提出了防止凉山彝区规模性返贫的对策建议。     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.     

试论发展边疆民族地区经济的强边固防功能

长期以来,我国边疆民族地区经济发展相对落后,并成为诱发各种矛盾及影响边疆稳定和边防巩固的重要因素。稳定边疆和巩固边防,不仅是我国长期的战略任务,而且是当前我国迫切需要解决的现实问题。边疆民族地区经济的发展对稳定边疆和巩固边防具有极其重要的作用。边疆民族地区经济发展是促进民族团结和增强中华民族凝聚力的重要基础;是增进睦邻关系以及提高维稳处突能力的必要条件;是加强边防建设和遏制战争及御敌制胜的基本保障。     

1935-1947年间四川省的边区治理情况研究

民国时期四川省的边区治理是随着抗战前国民政府逐步控制川政而开展和实施的。因而1935年后四川省边区治理的理念、策略和措置均深受国民政府西南边疆政策的影响。“边民”“夷务”等内涵的界定表明川省政府有意模糊边区各族之间的差异性。但是边政措施的制定和实施则总体上并不成功,显得被动和游移,缺乏主动性。这些均反映出南京国民政府与地方政府相互影响下四川省边区治理的时代特征。     

扶贫视阈下甘孜州县域旅游产业竞争力研究

Tourism is the pillar industry of Ganzi Prefecture, and it is of great practical signif-icance to the study of the competitiveness of county-level tourism industry in Ganzi Prefecture. This paper constructs an indicator system of evaluating competitiveness of the county tourism industry from four dimensions, including the development of the tourism industry, the development of related indus-tries, the economic environment and transport con-ditions. The paper studies the competitiveness of the county tourism industry of Ganzi prefecture in 2013 via the entropy method, and then analyzes the differences and shortcomings of the county’s ca-pability to alleviate poverty through tourism. The results show that, first of all, the various counties’ capability to alleviate poverty through tourism in Ganzi is obviously different from each other: the eastern counties are relatively strong in this area, the northern counties are somewhere in the middle, and the southern counties struggle. Secondly, the development of tourism and related industries has a great impact on the competitiveness of the county tourism industry, and that the counties generally have shortcomings in their transport conditions. Thirdly, the restricting factors on the competitive-ness of the county tourism industry are complicat-ed, and the strategy of tourism development should be formulated with regard to these issues. Based on this situation, this article proposes the following suggestions: 1 ) Various counties in Ganzi prefecture should strengthen their research into and promotion of poverty alleviation through tourism, accelerate the development of their basic infrastructure, and improve the transport condi-tions;2 ) the counties in the east of the prefecture should increase investment into transportation, op-timize their industrial structure, and promote the development of the tertiary service sector; 3 ) the counties in the north should develop their own po-tential, strengthen economic construction, improve GDP per capita, and promote the service industry, including restaurants and hotels; 4 ) The counties in the south should pay attention to the publicizing and construction of their own brand of tourism, im-proving their brand awareness and popularity. In summary, Ganzi prefecture should take poverty alleviation as a chance to innovate a meth-od for poverty alleviation, paying special attention to poverty alleviation through tourism, improving relevant policies, and promoting the tourism indus-try of its counties.     

"兴边富民行动"的意义

兴边富民行动是根据党中央的精神,为配合西部大开发战略,加快边境地区经济社会发展,由国家民委倡导发起的、于2000年初启动的一项边境开发工程。兴边富民行动得到了党中央、国务院的高度重视和充分肯定。兴边富民行动成就喜人,已成为边境地区经济社会发展的加速器和催化剂。兴边富民行动,对于富民、兴边、强国、睦邻,巩固祖国的万里边疆,具有非常重要的意义。     

卓克基地区土司文化与旅游发展

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