共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Forging and Sustaining Labor–Community Coalitions: The Workfare Justice Movement in Three Cities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article examines the factors shaping the formation and longevity of labor–community coalitions through comparative case
studies of campaigns for workfare justice in Los Angeles, Milwaukee, and New York. Interviews with organizational staff and
leaders reveal that their decisions to form and sustain these coalitions were shaped by their collective identities, especially
their commitment to social movement unionism, and their context, particularly the sectoral distribution of workfare workers.
We also highlight the role of two factors previously overlooked by labor scholars: (1) ecological processes of niche-formation,
which determined if and how inter-organizational competition was overcome, and (2) authorities’ social-control strategies,
which shaped coalition endurance.
相似文献
Ellen ReeseEmail: |
2.
While the relationships between health insurance and the labor supply of women have been explored in the literature, little
is known about the effects of offering public health insurance on the labor supply decisions of married women. This paper
examines how the enactment of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) affected the labor supply decisions of
married women. Our empirical analysis showed that certain groups of married women reduced their number of hours worked upon
SCHIP implementation. The results imply it is possible that some wives decreased their labor supply in order to make their
children eligible for public health insurance.
相似文献
Ho Jin LeeEmail: |
3.
In the late twentieth century, many social scientists and other social commentators came to characterize the world as evolving
into an “information society.” Central to these claims was the notion that new social uses of information, and particularly
application of scientific knowledge, are transforming social life in fundamental ways. Among the supposed transformations
are the rise of intellectuals in social importance, growing productivity and prosperity stemming from increasingly knowledge-based
economic activity, and replacement of political conflict by authoritative, knowledge-based decision-making. We trace these
ideas to their origins in the Enlightenment doctrines of Saint Simon and Comte, show that empirical support for them has never
been strong, and consider the durability of their social appeal.
James B. Rule is Distinguished Affiliated Scholar at the Center for the Study of Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley. He has researched and published widely on matters relating to sociological theory and the role of information in social life. His most recent books are Theory and Progress in Social Science (Cambridge University Press, 1997), Computing in Organizations; Myth and Experience (co-authored with Debra Gimlin and Sylvia Sievers, Transaction, 2002) and Privacy in Peril (Oxford University Press, 2007). Yasemin Besen focuses on young people in the United States in her work, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Her research interests include teenage labor, gender, and inequality. Her work has been published in Contexts, Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, NWSAJ, and Equal Opportunities International. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. She is currently Assistant Professor of Sociology at Montclair State University. 相似文献
James B. Rule (Corresponding author)Email: |
Yasemin BesenEmail: |
James B. Rule is Distinguished Affiliated Scholar at the Center for the Study of Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley. He has researched and published widely on matters relating to sociological theory and the role of information in social life. His most recent books are Theory and Progress in Social Science (Cambridge University Press, 1997), Computing in Organizations; Myth and Experience (co-authored with Debra Gimlin and Sylvia Sievers, Transaction, 2002) and Privacy in Peril (Oxford University Press, 2007). Yasemin Besen focuses on young people in the United States in her work, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Her research interests include teenage labor, gender, and inequality. Her work has been published in Contexts, Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, NWSAJ, and Equal Opportunities International. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. She is currently Assistant Professor of Sociology at Montclair State University. 相似文献
4.
Yonatan Reshef 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(4):677-696
In the public sector, Canadian governments intervene frequently in labor disputes by suspending collective bargaining and
curtailing legal strikes. Previous research has focused on the contours of government intervention, such as its overall effects
on collective bargaining and strikes. The discussion highlights one actor, a government, restricting the behavior of another
actor, a union, using legislation and policy making. As a result, we know less about more micro-level elements and implications
of the process of government intervention. I address these themes using a detailed case study of the Alberta Teachers’ Association
and the strikes it coordinated in 2002.
相似文献
Yonatan ReshefEmail: |
5.
Bruce E. Kaufman 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):285-299
The most famous and influential diagram in modern (neoclassical) labor economics is the model of wage determination by supply
and demand. Using concepts and ideas from institutional economics, I argue that the theory of a perfectly competitive labor
market is logically contradictory and, hence, the demand/supply diagram cannot exist on the plane of pure theory. Four other
fundamental theorems concerning labor markets are also derived, as are implications about the theoretical foundation of the
field of industrial relations and the economic evaluation of labor and employment policy.
相似文献
Bruce E. KaufmanEmail: |
6.
Leslie C. Gates 《Theory and Society》2009,38(1):57-95
This study explains why the power of neoliberal business over the Mexican state increased during the last three decades of
the twentieth century. It identifies three sources of increased neoliberal business power that occurred in conjunction with
neoliberal reforms: (1) active mobilization by neoliberal business, (2) increased access to the state by neoliberal business,
and (3) increased economic power of neoliberal business. It thereby contributes additional evidence that counters the view
of Mexico’s state neoliberalizers as acting autonomously from business. It further outlines two conditions that were instrumental
in bringing about the increased power of neoliberal business: the onset of economic crisis in the 1970s, and a shift in foreign
capital preferences in Mexico. The analysis demonstrates how Mexico’s sources and conditions of business power differed from
those in advanced industrial societies, and outlines why the Mexican case may be a good starting point for devising a historically-contingent
theory of business power in the semiperiphery.
Leslie Gates is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Binghamton University. She recently published “The Business of Anti-Globalization Politics: Lessons from Venezuela’s 1998 Presidential Elections” (2006) in Research in Political Sociology. She is currently completing a study of the historical trends and sources of business power in Venezuela during the second half of the twentieth century. This study represents part of her broader interest in global economic processes and the politics of economic and labor policy in Latin America. 相似文献
Leslie C. GatesEmail: |
Leslie Gates is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Binghamton University. She recently published “The Business of Anti-Globalization Politics: Lessons from Venezuela’s 1998 Presidential Elections” (2006) in Research in Political Sociology. She is currently completing a study of the historical trends and sources of business power in Venezuela during the second half of the twentieth century. This study represents part of her broader interest in global economic processes and the politics of economic and labor policy in Latin America. 相似文献
7.
Focusing on the interactional dynamics of movements, we find that two constructs, voice and agency are critical to the development of a sense of “groupness” and can aid social movement actors in accomplishing desired goals.
Voice and agency are accomplished when movement actors engage in various processes such as planning and strategizing, completion
of goal-oriented tasks and other unifying activities. We examine four social movement organizations operating in separate
movement contexts with different outcomes: contested gay politics in Cincinnati, Ohio and grassroots feminism in Cleveland,
Ohio and New York City, New York. We find that groups will have a better chance at achieving their goals if members are able
to create a unified voice, and if leaders include and draw from the strengths of those they recruit, thus allowing a sense
of agency.
相似文献
Jo RegerEmail: |
8.
In recent years, both Australia and New Zealand have embarked on significant labor market reforms which have resulted in more
decentralized and individualized systems of industrial relations. Although both countries share a common heritage of state-sponsored
conciliation and arbitration, which fostered a centralized approach to labor market regulation, each has responded in its
own way to economic and political pressures to reform its long-established industrial relations system. Despite differences
in the process of indusrial relations reform, both countries now have industrial relations systems which are more individualistic
and in which unions play a less significant role than in the past.
相似文献
Russell D. LansburyEmail: |
9.
This paper analyzes nature protection by a social planner under different ‘utilitarian’ social welfare functions. For that purpose we construct an integrated model of the economy and the ecosystem with explicit consideration of nonhuman species and with competition between human and nonhuman species for land and prey biomass. We characterize and compare the efficient allocations when social welfare is anthropocentric (only consumers have positive welfare weights), when social welfare is biocentric (only nonhuman species have positive welfare weights) and when social welfare is nonanthropocentric (all species have positive welfare weights). Not surprisingly, biocentric social welfare calls for suspending all economic activities. It is more important, however, that both anthropocentrism and nonanthropocentrism make the case for nature protection through different channels, though. Our analysis suggests that one may dispense with the concept of nonanthropocentric social welfare provided that in the anthropocentric framework the consumers' intrinsic valuation of nature is properly accounted for.
相似文献
Thomas Eichner (Corresponding author)Email: |
Rüdiger PethigEmail: |
10.
John Logan 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(4):609-628
This article analyzes the critical obstacles in the path of labor law reform during the 1990s. It stresses the importance
of the lukewarm support of the Clinton Administration for labor law reform, organized labor’s failure to frame the debate
on labor law reform to its advantage and its inability to convince key Senators to support its reform agenda, and, especially,
the determined opposition to reform of employer groups and their allies in Congress. The article concludes with a brief discussion
of the lessons of the legislative defeats of the 1990s for the AFL-CIO’s current campaign to revise the National Labor Relations
Act.
相似文献
John LoganEmail: |
11.
Lucia Trimbur 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(3):259-277
This article examines how former prisoners of color conceptualize their political, social, and economic futures and how these
conceptualizations relate to the racialized social structural obstacles encountered upon reentry and decisions to re-engage
criminal labor. I find that, presented with similar post-prison challenges, excarcerated men take several approaches when
reentering society. I argue that the differences among their approaches lie in their varying interpretations of how they can
act as individuals against and within their social structural limitations. Their decisions to rejoin or forfeit participation
in criminal economies are thus shaped by experiences confronting the limitations of material conditions but also emerge from
their critiques of racialized structures.
Lucia Trimbur is Assistant Professor of Sociology at John Jay College/ CUNY. Her research and teaching interests include race and racisms, ethnographic field methods, sociology of crime and punishment, urban inequality, and gender. 相似文献
Lucia TrimburEmail: |
Lucia Trimbur is Assistant Professor of Sociology at John Jay College/ CUNY. Her research and teaching interests include race and racisms, ethnographic field methods, sociology of crime and punishment, urban inequality, and gender. 相似文献
12.
Married Women’s Labor Supply and Spousal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: Results from Panel Data 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Jason E. Murasko 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(3):391-406
This paper investigates the effect of spousal insurance coverage on married women’s labor supply. This effect was hypothesized
to be negative, since married women have an incentive to seek employment in jobs that will provide insurance when their husbands
do not provide coverage. Panel data from the 1996–2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys was used to control for the potential
correlation between unobserved characteristics and spousal insurance. The findings suggest that spousal coverage does have
a negative effect on married women’s labor supply, and that most of the reduction in labor supply seems to derive from shifts
out of the labor force rather than between part-time and full-time work.
相似文献
Jason E. MuraskoEmail: |
13.
John T. Addison Lutz Bellmann Thorsten Schank Paulino Teixeira 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(2):114-137
This paper uses matched employee–employer LIAB data to provide panel estimates of the structure of labor demand in western
Germany, 1993–2002, distinguishing between highly skilled, skilled, and unskilled labor and between the manufacturing and
service sectors. Reflecting current preoccupations, our demand analysis seeks also to accommodate the impact of technology
and trade in addition to wages. The bottom-line interests are to provide elasticities of the demand for unskilled (and other)
labor that should assist in short-run policy design and to identify the extent of skill biases or otherwise in trade and technology.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: |
14.
Social Enterprise in the United States and Europe: Understanding and Learning from the Differences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Janelle A. Kerlin 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2006,17(3):246-262
Since the 1980s both the United States and Europe have experienced a simultaneous expansion in social enterprise. However, little has been written comparing and contrasting American and European conceptions of social enterprise resulting in difficulty communicating on the topic and missed opportunities to learn and build on foreign experience. To address this need, this paper compares and contrasts American and European social enterprise through an extensive review of literature from the two regions and discussions with social enterprise researchers on both sides of the Atlantic. It outlines the definitions of social enterprise used by American and European academics and practitioners, identifies historical factors promoting and shaping different conceptions of social enterprise, and highlights the differing institutional and legal environments in which it operates. It concludes by identifying what Americans and Europeans can learn from each others’ experience with social enterprise.
相似文献
Janelle A. KerlinEmail: |
15.
We empirically analyzed the labor market participation of Italian women, with special emphasis on the role of intergenerational
family links. Older relatives, on the one hand, discourage the work participation of women by requiring care; on the other
hand they may provide household services favoring labor supply. We studied this dual impact estimating a trivariate probit
model where the three choices to be in the labor force, to use informal help from older relatives and to care for them are
jointly determined. Our estimates show that care duties towards members of the previous generation hinder the labor market
participation of Italian women, and that informal help received from older relatives strongly increases their probability
of being engaged in paid work.
相似文献
Anna MarenziEmail: |
16.
The international labor rights movement, led by the International Labour Organization (ILO), asserts that developing countries
are currently ready for more stringent labor standards. We investigate this claim by examining the timing of labor standard
adoption in highly developed countries, which were all once as poor as today’s developing countries and made the trade-off
between labor standards and income in the past. Their experience therefore suggests a safe income threshold for adopting similar
labor standards in the developing world. We find that every ILO-proposed labor standard is highly premature for the developing
countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Countries there are between 100 and 300 years from reaching this threshold. Similarly, we
find that so-called sweatshop-intensive developing countries are between 35 and 100 years from this threshold. ILO-proposed
policy is exactly backward. A substantial relaxation of labor standards is the appropriate labor policy for the developing
world.
相似文献
Peter T. LeesonEmail: |
17.
Frank Ridzi 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(4):383-402
Contemporary US labor solidarity faces new opportunities and challenges in the midst of global economic and governmental restructuring.
Indicative of these changes the 1996 welfare reform has created a new brand of contingent government contract workers to implement
welfare-to-work while simultaneously fostering contingent work among welfare clients. In this paper I use ethnographic data
from a major city in New York State to explore the relative positioning of these labor groups and I ask whether contingent
government workers could mediate between organized labor and welfare recipients, thereby facilitating political collaboration.
I conclude by identifying considerable structural and interpersonal barriers to solidarity including lack of contingent worker
consciousness, difference in “skill” levels, antagonistic relationships with clients and a tendency to interpret client hardships
in terms of personal defects. I contrast these findings with instances where labor unions have become involved in welfare
issues and propose steps toward a new paradigm for labor solidarity.
Frank Ridzi is Director of Urban and Regional Studies and Assistant Professor of Sociology at Le Moyne College. He has conducted research and written in the areas of social welfare policy, sociology of work, and student affairs. His recent work has appeared in such places as the Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, Research in the Sociology of Work, Review of Policy Research and the NASPA Journal of the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators. 相似文献
Frank RidziEmail: |
Frank Ridzi is Director of Urban and Regional Studies and Assistant Professor of Sociology at Le Moyne College. He has conducted research and written in the areas of social welfare policy, sociology of work, and student affairs. His recent work has appeared in such places as the Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, Research in the Sociology of Work, Review of Policy Research and the NASPA Journal of the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators. 相似文献
18.
Xiaomin Chen 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(2):421-428
The legal transitions of private ownership from being admitted limitedly to being protected equally with public ownership,
and of the peasants’ right on rural lands from a contractual right to the right in rem, are almost the same process of social reform. And in the interaction of social development and legislation, the law has
taken on an increasing role in social transition.
相似文献
Xiaomin ChenEmail: |
19.
James R. Fain 《Journal of Labor Research》2009,30(2):168-175
Previous theoretical work examining labor tournaments concluded that an affirmative action program will always reduce the
effort supplied by agents, thereby reducing output and profit for the tournament administrator; however, experimental results
sometime contradict this conclusion. In the context of a labor tournament I demonstrate that there exists an affirmative action
program that induces both types of agents to provide greater effort. In some instances the effort maximizing affirmative action
program will also give both types of agents an equal chance of winning the tournament.
相似文献
James R. FainEmail: |
20.
Donald F. Vitaliano 《Review of Economics of the Household》2009,7(2):179-188
Women employed in the New York paper box industry in 1913–1914 earned about 60% of what men did. This paper employs the human
capital framework to analyze the wage differential due to productivity related factors versus discriminatory nepotism towards
men. Years of schooling, years of experience in the paper box trade, and legislative restrictions on working hours of women
account for virtually all of the observed wage differential, both for all men and women in the paper box industry, and between
the skilled occupations of cutters and strippers.
相似文献
Donald F. VitalianoEmail: |