Selectivity Is Still in the Running: A Comment on Ifatunji's “Labor Market Disparities”

This comment is in response to Ifatunji's ( 2017 ) article, “Labor Market Disparities Between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans: Reexamining the Role of Immigrant Selectivity,” published in this journal.     

Managing a nation's image during crisis: A study of the Chinese government's image repair efforts in the “Made in China” controversy

The image of a nation is crucial in the conduct of international relations (Wang, J. (2006). Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited. Public Relations Review, 32, 91–96). A favorable image plays a critical role in asserting one's influence (Benoit, W. L., & Brinson, S. L. (1994). AT&T: “Apologies are not enough”. Communication Quarterly, 42, 75–88; Wang, J. (2006). Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited. Public Relations Review, 32, 91–96). Often, strategic communication tools like public relations and media diplomacy are used to enhance a nation's image (Giffard, A., & Rivenburgh, N. K. (2000). News agencies, national images, and global media events. Journalism Quarterly, 77, 8–21). In 2007, China's reputation as “the workshop of the world” (Gaulier, G., Lemoine, F., & Unal-Kesenci, D. (2005). China: A workshop of the Cd and a market for Europe. At: http://ideas.repec.org/a/cii/cepill/2005-245.html. Accessed on 14 May 2009) came under severe threat with a series of product recalls. This was arguably the first time that allegations of product deficiencies were targeted at a country. Using the image repair theory, this paper examined the strategies used and the image these strategies generated for China. Findings showed that the initial defensive strategies generated an image of a hurried and harried country. After it was willing to confront the crises through corrective action, a surer and more determined image emerged.     

“Anarchy all over Baščaršija”: Yugoslavia's new socialist culture and the New Primitives poetics of the local

The paper analyses Sarajevo's music movement of New Primitives and its “poetics of the local” as a struggle against the cultural hypocrisy of Yugoslavia's “new socialist culture” and its privileging of “external‐cosmopolitan” as apotheosis of cultured refinement and sophistication while denigrating “local‐parochial” as epitome of uncultured primitiveness. I argue that the movement's praxis is best understood as a call to reject externally‐imposed frames of reference as the basis for self‐understanding, and to embrace a socio‐cultural awareness that the only way to be in the world is to be authentically “primitive”– i.e. to exist as a distinct and autochthon socio‐cultural self.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Nature's Perfect Food: How Milk Became America's Drink, by E. Melanie DuPuis. The Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism, by Adam Rome. Agrarian Studies: Synthetic Work at the Cutting Edge, co‐edited by James C. Scott and Nina Bhatt. Rural Homelessness: Issues, Experiences and Policy Responses, by Paul Cloke, Paul Milbourne and Rebekah Widdowfield. Worked to the Bone: Race, Class, Power and Privilege in Kentucky, by Pern Davidson Buck     

Three notes on a political economy of youth

The paper seeks to makes a contribution to a recent debate in the Journal about what a political economy of youth might look like. The paper will take up aspects of Sukarieh and Tannock’s [2016. ‘On the political economy of youth: a comment.’ Journal of Youth Studies 19 (9): 1281–1289] response to the initial contributions by Côté [2014. ‘Towards a New Political Economy of Youth.’ Journal of Youth Studies 17 (4): 527–543, 2016. ‘A New Political Economy of Youth Reprised: Rejoinder to France and Threadgold.’ Journal of Youth Studies.] And France and Threadgold [2015. ‘Youth and Political Economy: Towards a Bourdieusian Approach.’ Journal of Youth Studies], and will take the form of three ‘notes’: Capitalism: From the first industrial revolution to the third industrial revolution; Youth as an artefact of governmentalised expertise; The agency/structure problem in youth studies: Foucault’s dispositif and post-human exceptionalism.

These notes will suggest that twenty-first century capitalism is globalising, is largely neo-Liberal, and is being reconfigured in profound ways by the Anthropocene, bio-genetics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT). A political economy of twenty-first century capitalism, let alone a political economy of young people, must be able to account for a capitalism that in many ways looks like the capitalism of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions, but which is at the same time profoundly different as it enters what has often been described as the Third Industrial Revolution. It is these profound emergences that pose the greatest challenges for engaging with a political economy of youth.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: India's Trade Policy and the Export Performance of Industry. By Pitou van Dijck and K. S. Chalpati Rao Redefining Conservatism: An Essay on the Bias in India's Economic Reform. By Narendar Pani India's Economic Future: Government, People and Attitudes. By V. V. Bhanoji Rao Miracle or Design? Lessons from the East Asian Experience. By Albert Fishlow, Catherine Gwin, Stephan Haggard, Dani Rodrik and Robert Wade The Political Economy of Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia. Edited by David Wurfel and Bruce Burton Africa's Multilateral Debt: A Modest Proposal. By the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Overseas Development The New Frontier: Farmers' Response to Land Degradation - A West African Study. By Kojo Sebastian Amanor Economic Analysis of Environmental Impacts. By John A. Dixon, Louise Fallon Scura, Richard A. Carpenter, and Paul B. Sherman World Trade Reform: Do Developing Countries Gain or Lose? By Sheila Page and Michael Davenport     

Canadian Visa Officers and the Social Construction of “Real” Spousal Relationships

Cet article examine l'existence d'un paradoxe de facilitation/contrôle dans le cadre des efforts gouvernementaux de contrôler la migration des époux. La littérature sur le jugement discrétionnaire et les fonctionnaires de proximité est utilisée pour analyser comment les agents canadiens des visas décident quelles relations de couples sont “vraies” ou “fausses”. Cet article démontre que les agents des visas utilisent plusieurs cadres de référence pour construire des modèles types de ce que sont les relations “normales” entre époux. Ces modèles types permettent aux agents des visas de construire des cas comme crédibles ou non crédibles, et ce processus établit les bases des décisions concernant l'exclusion et l'inclusion d'immigrants. This paper questions whether there is a facilitation/enforcement paradox associated with state efforts to control spousal migration. The literature on discretion and street‐level bureaucrats is used to analyze how Canadian visa officers make decisions about which spousal relationships are “real” and which are “fake.” The paper shows that visa officers use various cultural frameworks to construct typifications of “normal” relationships. These typifications allow visa officers to construct cases as credible or not credible, and constitute simultaneous bases for decisions about immigrant exclusion and inclusion.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: W. H Arndt and Hal Hill, Southeast Asia's Economic Crisis: Origins, Lessons, and the Way Forward Robin Cohen, and Shirin M. Rai, Global Social Movements Ken Worpole, Richer Futures: Fashioning a New Politics IUCN for the European Commission, Directorate General for Development Parks for Biodiversity: Policy Guidelines Based on Experience in ACP Countries Phillip Z. Kirpich Water Planning for Food Production in Developing Countries Jennifer A. Elliot, An Introduction to Sustainable Development Jean‐Paul Azam and Christian Morrisson, (with Sophie Chauvin and Sandrine Rospabé), Conflict and Growth in Africa. Vol 1: The Sahel     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: A Sociology of Organisations by J. E. T. Eldridge and A. D. Crombie. Political Woman by Melville Currell. The Crisis of Industrial Civilization. The Early Essays of Auguste Comte, edited and introduced by Ronald Fletcher. Critical Criminology edited by Ian Taylor, Paul Walton and Jock Young. The Mafia of a Sicilian Village, 1860–1960: A Study of Violent Peasant Entrepreneurs by Anton Blok. Early Child Care in Sweden by Ragnar Berfenstam and Inger William Olsson Population and Its Problems: A Plain Man's Guide edited by H. B. Parry. Contemporary Research in the Sociology of Education edited by John Eggleston. The Structure of Social Science by Michael Lessnoff. Social Stratification in Science by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole. The Decline in Fertility in Germany, 1871–1939 by John E. Knodel. Religion and Social Class: The Disruption Years in Aberdeen by A. Allan MacLaren. To Do the Sick No Harm, A Study of the British Voluntary Hospital System to 1875 by John Woodward. What School is For by Gabriel Chanan and Linda Gilchrist. Measuring Disability by Sally Sainsbury. Bradstow: A Study in Status, Class and Power in a Small Australian Town by R. A. Wild. Power and the Structure of Society by James S. Coleman. British Factory—Japanese Factory by R. Dore. Marxist Perspectives in the Sociology of Education by Maurice Levitas. Communication in Science by A. J. Meadows.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Social Theory and Modern Sociology Anthony Giddens A Reconstruction of Historical Materialism Jorge Larrain Place, Practice and Structure: Social and Spatial Transformations in Southern Sweden: 1750–1850 Allan Pred New Forms of Democracy David Held and Christopher Pollitt, (eds) Women and European Politics Joni Lovenduski Women of Europe Elizabeth Vallance and Elizabeth Davies Becoming a Feminist: The Social Origins of First Wave Feminism Olive Banks Justice for Women? Family, Court and Social Control Mary Eaton Women, Violence and Social Control Jalna Hammer and Mary Maynard The British Worker Question: A New Look at Workers and Productivity in Manufacturing Theo Nichols Routledge & Kegan Paul. The Enemy Within: Pit Villages and the Miners' Strike of 1984–5 R. Samuel, B. Bloomfield and G. Boanas (eds) Thurcroft: a Village and the Miners' Strike The Miners' Strike 1984-5: Loss without Limit M. Adeney and J. Lloyd German White-Collar Workers and the Rise of Hitler Hans Speier Democracy and Control in the Workplace Ed Davis and Russell Lansbury Towards a New Industrial Democracy: Workers' Participation in Industry Michael Poole, Routledge & Kegan Paul Unemployment: Personal and Social Consequences Stephen Fineman (ed.) Unions, Unemployment and Innovation Eric Batstone and Stephen Gourlay Public Acceptance of New Technologies. An International Review Roger Williams and Stephen Mills (eds) Education for Some: The Educational and Vocational Experiences of 15–18 Year Old Members of Minority Ethnic Origins John Eggleston, David Dunn, Mahdu Anjali The Power of Psychiatry Peter Miller and Nikolas Rose (eds) Love as Passion: the Codification of Intimacy Niklas Luhmann Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning All Work and No Play? The Sociology of Women and Leisure Rosemary Deem The Pub and the People A Worktown Study by Mass Observation Ageing and Social Policy C. Phillipson and A. Walker (eds)     

Book Reviews

Development Planning and Poverty Reduction. Edited by David Potts, Patrick Ryan and Anna Toner Global Civil Society? By John Keane Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor. By Paul Farmer, with a foreword by Amartya Sen Developing Capacity Through Technical Cooperation: Country Experiences. Edited by Stephen Browne Understanding Environmental Policy Processes: Cases from Africa. By James Keeley and Ian Scoones Imagine There's No Country: Poverty, Inequality and Growth in the Era of Globalisation. By Surjit S. Bhalla Developing Agricultural Trade: New Roles for Government in Poor Countries. By Michael Hubbard Reintegrating India with the World Economy. By T. N. Srinivasan and Suresh D. Tendulkar The IMF and Economic Development. By James Raymond Vreeland Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg. By Jo Beall, Owen Crankshaw and Susan Parnell Poverty in America: A Handbook. By John Iceland Corporate Capitalism in Contemporary South Asia: Conventional Wisdoms and South Asian Realities. Edited by Ananya Mukherjee Reed     

“Behind Every Great Man…”: The Male Marriage Wage Premium Examined Qualitatively

Studies across diverse national contexts reliably show that married men earn more than unmarried men, but the mechanisms responsible for this are still disputed. This article explores the male marriage wage premium from a new perspective, using longitudinal qualitative data from Russia (N = 94). Qualitative research is particularly suited to identifying underlying processes and, by analyzing men's accounts of the influence of their marital trajectories on their work, the authors were able to reexamine existing hypotheses and develop new ones. They propose 4 mechanisms that they hypothesize can influence men's work motivation and performance: premarital planning, 2 distinct “breadwinner” effects using expectancy and self determination theory, and monitoring by wives. They integrate these mechanisms within gender theory, arguing that the treatment aspect of the male marriage wage premium is an outcome of the “coproduction” of masculinity within marriage. Their recontextualization of existing theory also enables them to reveal weaknesses in the specialization hypothesis.     

From Sex Roles to Patriarchy: Recent Developments in the Sociology of Women—A Review Essay*

Bernard, Jessie. 1981. The Female World. New York: Free Press. Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs. 1981. Women in Law. New York: Basic Books. Leghorn, Lisa, and Katherine Parker. 1981. Women's Worth: Sexual Economics and the World of Women. Boston: Routlodgo and Kcgan Paul. Lovenduski, Joni, and Jill Hills, eds. 1981. The Politics of the Second Electorate: Women and Public Participation. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Sokoloff, Natalie J. 1980. Between Money and Love: The Dialectics of Women's Home and Market Work. New York: Praeger Publishers. Weitzman, Lenore J. 1981. The Marriage Contract: Spouses, Lovers, and the Law. New York: Free Press.     

The Fuss About NGOs—Are They Worth It?

Beyond the Magic Bullet: NGO Performance and Accountability in the Post-Cold War World, edited by Michael Edwards and David Hulme. West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press, with Save the Children, 1996. 286 pp., $38.00 cloth, $18.95 paper. NGOs, States, and Donors: Too Close for Comfort? edited by David Hulme and Michael Edwards. New York: St. Martin's Press, with Save the Children, 1997. 300 pp., $59.95 cloth. Nongovernmental Organizations and Health in Developing Countries, by Andrew Green and Ann Matthias. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 225 pp., $59.95 cloth.     

John Porter Lecture: Waves of Protest—Direct Action,Deliberation, and Diffusion

The book Direct Action, Deliberation and Diffusion: Collective Action After the WTO Protests in Seattle argues that the process of diffusion is dependent on social processes in the receiving context. The most important in social movements is an egalitarian and reflexive deliberation among diverse actors. The book traces the direct action tactics associated with the Seattle protests against the World Trade Organization in 1999 and how these spread to activists in Toronto and New York City. It shows how the structure of the political field, racial and class inequalities, identity boundaries, and organizational and conversational dynamics limited deliberation among activists, and thus limited the diffusion of the Seattle tactics. By constraining the spread of the Seattle tactics, this slowed the global justice movement's wave of protest. In this paper, I explore the application of and implications of this model of protest tactic diffusion to the recent Idle No More mobilizations. Le livre Direct Action, Deliberation and Diffusion: Collective Action After the WTO Protests in Seattle fait valoir que le processus de diffusion dépend de processus sociaux dans le contexte de réception. Le plus important pour les movements sociaux est une délibération égalitaire et réflexive entre divers acteurs. Le livre retrace les tactiques d'action directe associés aux manifestations de Seattle contre l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce en 1999 et comment ils se propagent à des militants de Toronto et de New York. Il montre comment la délibération de la structure des inégalités le domaine politique, raciales et de classe, les limites de l'identité et de la dynamique de l'organisation et de la conversation limitée parmi les militants, et donc limiter la diffusion de la tactique de Seattle. En limitant la propagation de la tactique de Seattle, ce ralentissement de la vague de protestation du mouvement altermondialiste. Dans cet article, j'explore l'application et implications de ce modèle de diffusion protestation de tactique pour les dernières Idle No More mobilisations.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article: Peter Kenen, The International Financial Architecture: What's New? What's Missing? Servaas Storm and C. W. M. Naastepad (eds.), Globalization and Economic Development: Essays in Honour of J. George Waardenburg Alain Durand–Lasserve and Lauren Royston (eds.), Holding Their Ground: Secure Land Tenure for the Urban Poor in Developing Countries The United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), Cities in a Globalizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements 2001 Christian Grootaert and Thierry van Bastelaer (eds.), The Role of Social Capital in Development: An Empirical Assessment Tony Hodges, Angola from Afro–Stalinism to Petro–Diamond Capitalism Minu Hemmati (ed.), Multi–Stakeholder Processes for Governance and Sustainability: Beyond Deadlock and Conflict Dirk Hansohm, Christian Peters–Berries, Willie Breytenbach and Peter Meyns (eds.), Monitoring Regional Integration in Southern Africa Yearbook, Vol. 1 (2001) Bertin Martens, Uwe Mummert, Peter Murrell, Paul Seabright and Elinor Ostrom, The Institutional Economics of Foreign Aid Melanie Gow (ed.),A Safe World for Children: Ending Abuse, Violence and Exploitation Moses Dombo, Joe Muwonge and Don Brandt, HIV/AIDS and Human Development in Africa Dele Olowu, Decentralization Policies and Practices under Structural Adjustment and Democratization in Africa     

Book Review Symposium

Book reviewed in this article: Book Review Symposium
Simon Maxwell The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. By Paul Collier. The Bottom Billion: Collier in Context
Paolo de Renzio The Bottom Billion: Technical and Quantitative Work in the Spotlight of Non‐specialists
Dirk Willem te Velde The Bottom Billion: Refocusing the Development Debate
Andrew Lawson Against the Current: Paul Collier's Bottom Billion
David Booth     

Reply to Commentaries: Black Sexual Politics Revisited

In this reply, I comment on one theme raised by each symposium author, expand on explicit ideas in Black Sexual Politics (2005) Collins, P. H. 2005. Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism, New York: Routledge.  [Google Scholar] itself, and/or raise additional questions that broaden those of the symposium participants. First, I examine Ange-Marie Hancock's claim that my seeming privileging of race in Black Sexual Politics contradicts my prior work on intersectionality. Next, I respond to Shanette Harris's analysis of the power of the gaze. Finally, I examine Jean Wyatt's focus on the interior space of black humanity to speculate about the ways in which healing constitutes a site of politics.     

Racial/Ethnic Minority Vocational Research Trends: An 11‐Year Update

This study extends Flores et al.'s ( 2006 ) 36‐year analysis of racial/ethnic minority (REM) career research to identify recent trends in choice of topics and leading individual and institutional contributors. The authors identified 166 articles on REM career research published from 2005 to 2015 in the Journal of Vocational Behavior, The Career Development Quarterly, the Journal of Career Assessment, and the Journal of Career Development. Of these studies, 92% were empirical, with more than three quarters of these using quantitative rather than qualitative methodology. Most frequently, the empirical studies (n = 153) were based on samples of high school (30.7%) or undergraduate (34.6%) students. The authors discuss the implications of their findings and suggest ways to expand REM career research in the future.     

Spatial Variation in U.S. Labor Markets and Workplace Gender Segregation: 1980–2005*

Many studies of workplace inequality have examined why workplace gender segregation still exists and how gender segregation affects workplaces (Cohen, Huffman, and Knauer 2009 Work and Occupations 36(4):318; Huffman, Cohen, and Pearlman 2010 Administrative Science Quarterly 55(2):255). Yet, fewer studies have examined how space might affect gender segregation. In this paper, we investigate two types of space, normative space and industrial space, and their influence on gender workplace segregation within geographic space. We use data from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and mixed models to examine how normative and industrial spaces affect workplaces within geographic space. We find that both measures of normative and industrial space predict differing levels of gender segregation within geographic spaces (measured via commuting zones). In addition, the effects normative space (women's share of the labor force) has on gender segregation are mediated by industrial restructuring.