具有阶段性趋势序列的单位根检验

大量的经济时间序列具有阶段性发展特征,此时DF(ADF)检验将倾向于接受存在单位根的原假设,甚至将具有断点的趋势平稳过程误判为单位根过程,检验失效。因此,有必要对具有断点趋势的单位根检验做介绍。本文给出了截距项存在断点时t统计量的渐进分布,并介绍了Vo-gelsang和Perron提出的基于DF检验形式之上的AO单位根检验方法。     

经济时间序列趋势模型的辨析

趋势平稳过程和随机趋势过程是刻画经济时间序列的两种截然不同的随机过程,对于经济建模分析具有不同的影响.文章从基本概念、技术处理和经济涵义上对这两种过程进行了全面的阐述和分辨,并利用渐近分布理论对于两种过程参数的统计关系进行了研究.从中讨论了单位根检验存在的问题,并给出相应的建议.     

中国居民消费的数据生成过程研究

如果非平稳总量时序列存在结构变化，那么传统的单位根检验往往会得出错误的统计推断。在考虑经济结构变化的基础上，对中国居民消费时序列是具有单位根的非平稳还是分段趋势平稳进行研究，结果发现该时序列是围绕着1个结构断点的分段趋势平稳。分段趋势平稳的结论说明政策主导下的长期经济发展战略能够改变居民消费总量的增长路径；短期消费政策也是值得应用的。     

含截距单位根过程的"伪去势"研究

对于一些具有明显趋势性的时间序列数据,无法从图形上准确判断其数据的真实生成过程,应对其首先进行单位根检验,只有在单位根假设被拒绝后才考虑趋势平稳方法。文章从方法论、蒙特卡罗模拟对这一数据处理方法的合理性进行了验证,并指出对含截踞的单位根过程进行的去趋势操作只能是一种"伪去势"。     

基于奇异值分解去势的非线性趋势序列单位根检验研究

 如何克服ADF与PP单位根检验法对非线性趋势平稳序列的伪检验,提高单位根检验的功效,是非平稳时间序列分析的重要问题。本文基于奇异值分解的思路,构造出检验非平稳时间序列单位根的SVD-RMA检验法,此方法将时间序列的趋势项与干扰项分离,然后用递归均值调整法对干扰项进行检验。仿真实验表明,SVD-RMA法对线性与非线性趋势、甚至结构突变过程的检验功效都非常好;对非线性趋势平稳的检验而言,SVD-RMA检验得到正确结论的可能性要远远好于ADF与PP检验。     

季节趋势平稳过程间的虚假回归

文章推导了当数据生成过程是独立的季节趋势平稳过程情形下,OLS参数估计及检验统计量的极限分布.由于序列中的趋势会导致虚假回归现象的发生.文章借助Monte Cado试验,对上述虚假回归中OLS统计量(t类统计量、R2、DW)的大样本渐近分布进行模拟,发现确实存在虚假回归现象并且受样本容量的影响不大.文章还针对我国数据样本期比较短的特点,就虚假回归下统计量的小样本(T=10,15,30,50)特征进行了模拟.     

中国宏观经济变量的结构突变单位根检验

文章首先比较系统地总结了有关结构突变单位根检验的理论、方法和模型。在考虑经济中结构突变的基础上对中国宏观经济总量的时间序列是具有单位根的非平稳还是趋势平稳进行了研究,为提高检验功效,应针对数据生成过程的特点联合多种检验方法进行检验。     

二次趋势模型的误设检验与仿真分析

在介绍两种生成二次趋势模型的基础上,指明两者具有某种内在的关系,并以隐性趋势模型为数据生成过程,使用显性趋势模型作为估计对象,进行参数估计和相应的假设检验。理论分析结果表明:显性趋势模型的参数、t检验统计量和联合F检验统计量的极限具有非标准的分布,且高度显著;以显性趋势模型为数据生成过程,使用隐性趋势模型作为估计对象,结果表明隐性趋势模型是带趋势项的单位根过程;采用LLR检验统计量对两类模型进行区分检验,使用仿真技术进行模拟,仿真结果支持上述理论分析结论和LLR统计量能够区分两种模型。     

货币流通速度的趋势稳定研究——基于弹性傅里叶单位根检验的实证分析

不同国家的货币流通速度在不同的经济发展阶段呈现出不同的趋势。传统的单位根检验忽视了货币流通速度本身可能存在的非线性趋势,将货币流通速度视为非平稳单位根过程。利用弹性傅里叶单位根检验方法,重点针对剔除了非线性趋势的货币流通速度时间序列,选取较有代表性的11个国家,对这些国家的货币流通速度时间序列进行实证分析。研究结果表明,多数国家的货币流通速度是非线性平稳过程,实证结果进一步支持了货币政策有效性的结论。     

检验式设定错误对时间序列单位根检验小样本性质的影响

首先对单位根检验的两类常见的数据生成系统进行比较，然后利用蒙特卡洛实验研究了时间序列单位根检验式的设定问题。研究发现在利用DF检验和DF-GLS检验进行时间序列的单位根检验时，检验式设定错误直接影响着检验结果，尤其在推断时间序列是趋势平稳过程还是有时间趋势项的随机游走过程或有二阶时间趋势多项式的随机游走过程时，检验式的错误设定很容易将趋势平稳过程误判为非平稳过程。     

ADF单位根检验中联合检验F统计量研究

摘　　要:ADF检验是实际中最常用的单位根检验之一。ADF检验式有三种：（1）不含漂移项和趋势项;（2）只含漂移项不含趋势项;（3）既含漂移项也含趋势项。选用的检验式是否合适将直接影响到ADF检验的功效。为解决ADF检验过程中检验式的选择问题,本文首先从理论上推导了检验式（3）中时间趋势项系数δ与yz-1系数γ的联合检验统计量F的渐近分布;然后,应用蒙特卡罗模拟的方法研究了上述统计量与检验式（2）中关于漂移项α与系数γ的联合检验统计量的分布特征,进而给出了两统计量分布百分位数关于样本容量的响应面函数,从而进一步完善了单位根检验理论与方法。     

Unit Roots,Level Shifts,and Trend Breaks in Per Capita Output: A Robust Evaluation

Determining whether per capita output can be characterized by a stochastic trend is complicated by the fact that infrequent breaks in trend can bias standard unit root tests towards nonrejection of the unit root hypothesis. The bulk of the existing literature has focused on the application of unit root tests allowing for structural breaks in the trend function under the trend stationary alternative but not under the unit root null. These tests, however, provide little information regarding the existence and number of trend breaks. Moreover, these tests suffer from serious power and size distortions due to the asymmetric treatment of breaks under the null and alternative hypotheses. This article estimates the number of breaks in trend employing procedures that are robust to the unit root/stationarity properties of the data. Our analysis of the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries thereby permits a robust classification of countries according to the “growth shift,” “level shift,” and “linear trend” hypotheses. In contrast to the extant literature, unit root tests conditional on the presence or absence of breaks do not provide evidence against the unit root hypothesis.     

Testing stationarity and trend stationarity against the unit root hypothesis

In this paper we propose a family of relativel simple nonparametrics tests for a unit root in a univariate time series. Almost all the tests proposed in the literature test the unit root hypothesis against the alternative that the time series involved is stationarity or trend stationary. In this paper we take the (trend) stationarity hypothesis as the null and the unit root hypothesis as the alternative. The order differnce with most of the tests proposed in the literature is that in all four cases the asymptotic null distribution is of a well-known type, namely standard Cauchy. In the first instance we propose four Cauchy tests of the stationarity hypothesis against the unit root hypothesis. Under H1 these four test statistics involved, divided by the sample size n, converge weakly to a non-central Cauchy distribution, to one, and to the product of two normal variates, respectively. Hence, the absolute values of these test statistics converge in probability to infinity 9at order n). The tests involved are therefore consistent against the unit root hypothesis. Moreover, the small sample performance of these test are compared by Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, we propose two additional Cauchy tests of the trend stationarity hypothesis against the alternative of a unit root with drift.     

Nonparametric Trend Estimation for Periodic Autoregressive Time Series

A periodically stationary time series has seasonal variances. A local linear trend estimation is proposed to accommodate unequal variances. A comparison of this proposed estimator with the estimator commonly used for a stationary time series is provided. The optimal bandwidth selection for this new trend estimator is discussed.     

Testing for Unit Roots in Dynamic Panels in the Presence of a Deterministic Trend: Re-examining the Unit Root Hypothesis for Real Stock Prices and Dividends

In this paper, we suggest a similar unit root test statistic for dynamic panel data with fixed effects. The test is based on the LM, or score, principle and is derived under the assumption that the time dimension of the panel is fixed, which is typical in many panel data studies. It is shown that the limiting distribution of the test statistic is standard normal. The similarity of the test with respect to both the initial conditions of the panel and the fixed effects is achieved by allowing for a trend in the model using a parameterisation that has the same interpretation under both the null and alternative hypotheses. This parameterisation can be expected to increase the power of the test statistic. Simulation evidence suggests that the proposed test has empirical size that is very close to the nominal level and considerably more power than other panel unit root tests that assume that the time dimension of the panel is large. As an application of the test, we re-examine the stationarity of real stock prices and dividends using disaggregated panel data over a relatively short period of time. Our results suggest that while real stock prices contain a unit root, real dividends are trend stationary.     

Error rates for poisson process discrimination

This research addresses the question of how one's ability to discriminate between two Poisson process models is affected by the relative behavior of the respective intensity functions involved. One sampling strategy studied involves observation of the process up to the k-th occurrence time, t_k. Another is to observe the process up to a fixed time T. The error probabilities for these two approaches are analyzed as k and T, respectively, tend to infinity.     

结构突变趋势平稳过程与随机趋势过程的虚假回归研究

 内容提要：在已有研究的基础上,本文更为深入的研究含有结构突变的趋势平稳变量与随机趋势变量间的虚假回归问题。本文推导出OLS估计下DW统计量、F统计量以及R2的极限分布,并且将回归模型扩展到动态情形下,推导出用于Granger因果检验的F统计量的极限分布;采用Monte Carlo模拟方法分析了数据生成过程的各项参数对各统计量有限样本分布的影响;最后,本文分析了在有限样本下,数据生成过程的各项参数对虚假回归及虚假Granger因果关系发生概率的影响。