工作家庭冲突感知的性别差异

随着双职工家庭的增多,工作家庭间的冲突也日益加剧。尽管已有很多关于工作家庭冲突的研究,但很少有研究关注不同性别在工作家庭冲突中是否有不同的感知。本文综述了工作家庭冲突感知的性别差异体现,并对影响工作家庭冲突性别感知差异的因素进行探讨。     

儿童亲子关系冲突的研究

一个新生命的诞生意味着一个新家庭关系的确立,亲子关系是众多人际关系中最早建立起来的,对于儿童的成长和人性的塑造有着至关重要的作用,然而亲子冲突又是儿童成长中不可避免的产物。有效地化解亲子冲突,形成良好的家庭关系,提高人际适应能力,对儿童的心理、社会和认知的发展都是十分必要的。本文从社会工作者角度分析亲子关系冲突产生的原因及其解决的策略,总结了亲子关系冲突有效化解的可行途径。     

大学生亲子依恋与生活满意度的关系研究

本文采用问卷法对245名大学生进行调查,基于调查所得的数据研究了大学生亲子依恋与生活满意度的关系。结果表明:大学生的亲子依恋在性别方面存在显著差异,女生的亲子依恋显著高于男生,且进一步分析得出女生在母子信任、母子沟通和父子信任方面显著多于男生,在母子疏离方面,男生显著多于女生;家庭主观经济社会地位在大学生生活满意度方面存在显著差异,家庭主观经济社会地位高的大学生的生活满意度显著低于家庭主观经济社会地位低的大学生的生活满意度;大学生亲子依恋与生活满意度呈显著正相关;大学生亲子依恋水平对生活满意度有一定预测力。     

开展亲子阅读活动的实践与思考——以海安县少儿图书馆为例

本文以开展亲子阅读的重要性为切入点,分析了现阶段亲子阅读情况,论述了少年儿童图书馆开展亲子阅读活动的必要性,并以海安县少年儿童图书馆为例,探讨图书馆开展亲子阅读服务工作的具体措施。     

交织的张力——后现代主义思潮与青年价值冲突

伴随着改革开放的不断深入和西方后现代主义思潮的不断涌入,当代青年正面临着同一时空下传统、现代、后现代思潮共存的状况,而三种思潮相互交织形成张力,构成了当代青年的价值冲突.本文从分析后现代主义的"放逐理想"、"多元论与差异性"、"责任的消解与去中心化"等几方面的特征出发,阐述它对当代青年价值取向的冲击与影响,并提出对青年价值重构的思考.     

社会冲突理论视角下对基础教育问题的研究——基于对小学校内教育与校外教育的思考

当今是一个学习型的社会,终身教育和终身学习的观念已成为很多国家制定教育政策的指导思想。随着我国经济的发展和素质教育改革的进一步推进,以及人民生活水平的提高,人们对教育的关注也越来越高。在此背景下,现如今学校教育的水平、学校教育的公平性、校内教育对素质教育的实施等问题,以及校外教育机构已经成为很多学生的假期＂必修课＂的问题,已不仅仅是教育方面的问题,教育的均衡发展已成为社会关注的焦点。本文力图在冲突理论的视角下具体探讨校内教育与校外辅导的问题。     

文明的冲突与冷和平——对阿以冷和平的个案分析

苏联的解体宣告了两极格局的彻底瓦解和冷战的结束,在国际政治领域,传统的政治、军事等“高级政治”因素的作用下降,而经济、科技、文化等“低级政治”因素的作用上升。面对冷战后纷繁复杂的各类国际政治问题,人们发现很难再简单地按照意识形态进行划线,国家作为唯一的国际行为主体的地位不断遭到挑战。     

东盟留学生跨文化教学冲突与融入研究——以广西留学生为例

本文以广西省留学生为例,对东盟留学生跨文化教学出现的问题进行分析,并且提出了有针对性的解决措施,旨在促进东盟留学生快乐学习。     

大学生之间人际冲突现状解构及其影响的研究——基于对南京农业大学本科生的调查

大学生群体中的人际冲突现象对学生成长成才以及高校的学生培养和管理工作形成了严峻的挑战。只有正确把握大学生之间的人际冲突现象,才能有效引导学生,实现高校人才培养的目标。研究显示,大学生之间的人际冲突现象有如下特点：绝大部分冲突表现为冷暴力行为;冲突经常发生,且多产生于共同生活领域;性格、行为习惯、价值取向的差异是冲突的主要起因;大多试图通过坚持自我意志或回避解决冲突,而不注重理解和宽容;冲突的破坏性和建设性影响并存,建设性影响更大。     

Family Members' Narratives of Divorce and Interparental Conflict: Implications for Parental Alienation

This study focused on the internal dynamics of family members who experience divorce and interparental conflict. Interparental conflict and triangulating children increase the likelihood of alienating children from a parent. Narrative interviews with members of three families were used to explore meaning structures. Results showed how parents and children thought, felt, and created meaning about their experiences; how family members responded to conflict and behaviors associated with parental alienation; and how they viewed family relationships. Metalevel findings suggested each family member held dichotomous views and used cognitive and behavioral control response strategies. Thus, parental alienation stems from a relational dynamic and needs to be addressed from a family systems perspective.     

Family Members' Reports of Abuse in Michigan Nursing Homes

The objective of this article is to describe abuse and neglect of adults age 65 and older in Michigan nursing homes, as reported by members of their families. Using list-assisted random-digit dialing, data on abuse and neglect for a 12-month period were collected from individuals who had a relative age 65 or older in a Michigan nursing home. Of the nursing home residents represented in this analysis, the majority were female, Caucasian, and widowed. Neglect and caretaking mistreatment were the most frequent types of abuse reported. Comparison of these data with data from the National Ombudsman Reporting System suggests that family members constitute a sensitive source of data on abuse in nursing homes.     

Family interactions in public: Parent-child distance and touching

In an effort to extend the study of parent-child interaction to naturalistic settings, 207 families were observed in parks by observers who used scaled maps to record parent-child distances and touching behavior. Generally, parent-child distance increased and touching decreased as child age increased. The interactional behaviors of boys and girls and mothers and fathers were far more similar than different. Finally, the family context in which parent-child dyads interacted had second-order effects on their behavior. The presence of other children in the family reduced closeness between parent and child, whereas the presence of a second parent altered the behavior of individual parents without diminishing a child's experience of parental closeness. These findings support the value of studying parent-child interaction within its family context using a naturalistic approach.Preliminary data from this study were presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, May, 1984. The authors appreciate the support of the Eastern Kentucky University Faculty Research Fund; the contributions to data collection of Ann Adams, Nina Begley, Laura Epperson McGrail, and Rodney Swain.     

Family Members' Reports of Non-Staff Abuse in Michigan Nursing Homes

Recent research showed that mistreatment of nursing home residents by other residents may be highly prevalent. The present study examined the issue from family members' perspectives. The data came from the 2005 and 2007 random-digit dial telephone surveys of Michigan households with a family member in long-term care. Based on family members' reports, about 10% of nursing home residents aged 60 and over were abused by non-staff in nursing homes (e.g., other residents and visitors) during the past 12 months. Family members were more likely to report non-staff abuse when the nursing home residents were younger, were female, had behavior problems, and had greater level of physical functioning. Family members who reported staff abuse were four times more likely to also report non-staff abuse.     

Effects of Family Structure on Children's Self-Concepts

This study examined the effects of family structure (intact, stepparent, and single-parent) on children's self-concepts using Parish and Parish's Personal Attribute Inventory for Children (PAIC). One hundred and ninety-nine (199) students in grades 7 through 12 participated. Although children from stepfamilies checked fewer positive adjectives than students from single-parent or intact families, a statistically significant difference (.05 level) was not found.     

Conflict Patterns and Family of Origin Conflict in Newly Initiated Remarriages

ABSTRACT

The poor marriage material hypothesis explains the high divorce rate in remarriages as a function of the qualities of people who have previously been divorced. This study sought to test whether conflict in the family of origin and in the present marriage could substantiate the poor marriage material hypothesis by discriminating between couples in their first marriage versus those in a marriage with a history of divorce. A sample of 66 newlywed married couples, half in first marriages and half in remarriages, were recruited through marriage licenses and student referrals. Family of origin conflict discriminated between first and remarried couples. Namely, wives' exposure to interparental conflict significantly increased the odds that they were presently married to a husband who had previously been divorced. Differences between first and remarried couples' own conflict patterns were largely unremarkable with the exception of remarried couples seeing their partners as being more compliant and unassertive relative to those in first marriages.     

Understanding Latino Family Attitudes in Relation to Latino Gang Members' Substance Abuse

Abstract

This paper presents a content analysis of ethnographic interviews from long-term Latino gang members whose families have recently immigrated to the United States. Positive relationships within the family, parental support, a consistent and constructive parental discipline style and adult supervision tend to be related negatively to adolescents' deviant behaviors and their association with deviant peers. An expected positive relationship between the parent-child constructs, adolescents' deviant behaviors, and association with deviant peers was not found. Positive family attitudes toward deviance were associated with the number of drug type transactions and greater levels of drug use. This association has been overlooked in previous research.

Our study expands the examination of the influence a family's positive attitudes toward deviance has on the apparent progression of drug use in a sample of Latino gang members with histories of drug use. An analysis of structured interview content differentiated family attitudes toward deviance as: encouragement and tolerance, imitation, and defining norms.     

Drawing Family Boundaries: Children's Perspectives on Family Relationships in Rural and Urban Ethiopia

This article explores how children conceptualise and practice family relationships in two social settings in Ethiopia. Based on ethnographic data, it discusses (i) how urban and rural children construct family; (ii) what family activities children do and which social positions they assume; and (iii) the convergence and divergence of meanings and practices of family relationships between urban and rural Ethiopia. The analysis demonstrates how ‘normative family’ and actual ‘family practices’ are shaped by socio‐cultural, material and spatial contexts. Insights drawn also reveal the complex ways in which access to material resources, geographical distance, rural‐urban locations and cultural traits such as patterns of marriage and child relocation practices shape family relationships.     

The Effect of Children's Family Type on Teachers' Stereotypes

The main purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' stereotypic perceptions of the effects of different family types on the functioning of children. Seventy-six Israeli teachers were asked to evaluate the academic, social and emotional levels of functioning of a fictitious fifth grade boy who was variously described to them as being from an intact, remarried, divorced or conflicted family. Three main results were obtained. First, teachers expected the child from the intact family to function better academically, socially, and emotionally than the child from the conflicted family. Second, teachers expected similar levels of academic, social, and emotional functioning in a case of both tne child of divorced parents and the child from the remarried family. Third, three dimensions differentiated beween teachers' expectations when the child was described as coming from an intact, remarried or conflicted family but did not do so as regards the child of divorced parents. These results are discussed in the context of teacher-student interactions and their potential to trigger a process of self-fulfilling prophecy. The findings are also considered in reference to the doubtful validity of studies in which teachers' evaluations are used as measures of children's adjustment to the divorce or remarriage of their parents.