论生产力概念嬗变的不同语境

生产力概念是古典经济学家以"财富"为核心首次提出的,它由经济学语境向哲学语境转换是马克思的伟大贡献。马克思从社会历史观的高度,把生产力作为社会存在和发展的基础和动力,以新的哲学范式结束了人们在黑暗中对历史之谜的求解。生产力是人的本质力量在实践中的展开,体现的是"为我关系"和"为他关系"的统一。生产力在其历史发展过程中经历了"依附论"、"征服论"、"协同论"三个阶段。以可持续发展和知识经济为基础的现代生产力,需要我们丰富和发展马克思的生产力理论,建立新的语境,解构附加在马克思名下的"传统"生产力概念。     

青年马克思无产阶级概念的哲学意蕴

无产阶级在《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》之后成为马克思理论建构的基本概念，是辩证法运作的中间环节，是创造性的否定。无产阶级作为创造性的否定一方面是经济学概念，在创造财富的同时失去财富；另一方面是一个哲学概念，在普遍改变整个自然界的同时使自身抽象化。传统的见解过于强调其经济学维度。通过辩证法运作的方式梳理出马克思早期作品中无产阶级概念在不同文本中的阐释逻辑脉络，呈现出无产阶级概念在马克思话语体系中的逻辑地位与哲学维度，是在资本主义社会发生了巨大改变之后保持马克思思想的批判性所必需的，也是更全面地进入《资本论》语境的必要之路。     

马克思与人本主义

马克思在1844年发表的《经济学哲学手稿》中详细阐述了异化和解放的概念,在《资本论》中,运用异化与解放的概念来分析拜物主义、剥削和资本积累,以区别异化劳动和自愿劳动,阐述工人的解放与全人类的解放。因此可以看出,马克思在从早期到晚期的工作中一直致力于人本主义。     

“实践唯物主义”概念的由来及其与“辩证唯物主义”的关系

“实践唯物主义”概念的由来及其与“辩证唯物主义”的关系杨耕１．“实践唯物主义”是马克思为表达自己哲学的本质特征,以区别于其它一切形态的哲学所使用的概念。就其本质而言,“实践唯物主义”这一概念初步形成于《１８４４年经济学哲学手稿》,在《神圣家族》和《关...     

共产主义对“历史之谜”的解答——《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中探索的共产主义

自从《莱茵报》以来,马克思为了寻求解开社会之谜的钥匙,历经了千心万苦,终于在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中向人们批露了他已经找到了解开社会之谜的钥匙,这就是共产主义。马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对共产主义进行了探索论证,成功的绘制了科学共产主义略具雏形的蓝图,找到了解开社会之谜的钥匙。马克思关于共产主义的思想,无论在科学共产主义和全人类的历史上,还是在今天社会主义革命和建设上,都有着光辉的历史地位、理论价值和巨大的现实意义。     

对马克思人的本质的再阐释——评《马克思主义与人类学》

《马克思主义与人类学》是匈牙利哲学家乔治·马尔库什于1965年出版的著作,此书要回答的主要问题是用"哲学人类学"的范式来解读马克思主义是否存在合理性。马尔库什认为,要想回答这个问题,必须从"人的本质"这个概念入手。于是,他以马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为基础,分析了"人的本质"这个概念,以此回应用"哲学人类学"这个范式解读马克思主义的合理性。在此书中,马尔库什从劳动、社会性和意识三个方面重新探讨了人的本质:首先,他探讨了劳动在     

历史唯物主义与马克思哲学的独创性实质

近年来《中国社会科学》、《哲学研究》等刊物发表了一些研究马克思哲学的文章，1995年第6期发表的俞吾金教授的《论两种不同的历史唯物主义概念》一文，通过释义“历史唯物主义”概念的涵义来重新理解马克思哲学的总体性和本真精神。俞文讨论了马克思哲学的许多重大问题，提高了讨论的层次，把研究的深度向前推进了一步。读后很受启发。我们同意俞文总的观点：“历史唯物主义是马克思的划时代的哲学创造之所在，马克思并没创立过历史唯物主义以外的任何其它的哲学。换言之，历史唯物主义就是马克思哲学”。俞文的这些论述加深了我们对马克…     

《资本论》中生产力范畴简析

<正> 《资本论》对生产力范畴作了系统的阐述,本文试对《资本论》中阐述的生产力范畴体系作一个简要的分析。一、生产力的技术性 1.劳动生产力马克思在《资本论》第1卷第1章提出了劳动生产力的概念。他说:“生产力当然始终是有用的具体的劳动的生产力,它事实上     

马克思理论遗产中的异化问题

马克思对异化的分析,始于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,完成于十九世纪五十——六十年代酝酿《资本论》而写的著作和《资本论》中。这里首先涉及到《1857—1859年的经济学手稿》。大家知道,这个手稿的核心是《政治经济学批判》,它是马克思从1857年10月到1858年5月这个时期写的,严格地说它本是《资本论》的初稿。根据这个初稿,马克思于1858年秋着手出版《关于政治经济学批     

论异化概念在马克思主义形成中的历史地位

异化问题是多年来国际哲学斗争的焦点。自一九三二年首次发表马克思的《经济学—哲学手稿》以来,在将近半个世纪的时间内,“异化热”久兴不衰,一直是各种哲学流派竞相争议的主题。资产阶级哲学家和修正主义学者抓住异化不放,大作文章,肆意歪曲异化概念在马克思学说中的意义和地位。他们一方面把马克思主义归结为异化理论,认为马克思主义     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

Microinsurance: A short history

Twenty years ago, the International Social Security Review published an article that introduced a new term to the vocabulary of development and social protection: Microinsurance. Now, twenty years later, it is suitable to take stock of the contribution of microinsurance towards promoting coverage and social security. The article reviews the main insights gained from 20 years of implementation, including a clear expression of the value proposition of health microinsurance, understanding the demand for microinsurance, the business process for successful implementation, and conditions that must be satisfied for scaling and sustainable operations. It also explains the context that led to a considerable divergence in the microinsurance space. The article offers a discussion of unresolved issues and thoughts about the future of microinsurance. The conclusion of this article is that microinsurance can flourish when the necessary four pillars for its implementation exist, namely mainstreaming through political support, enhanced insurance literacy of the customers, technical assistance to self‐administer the schemes, and availability of seed capital. The sufficient additional condition is that customers perceive microinsurance as offering welfare gains that cannot be obtained by other means.     

Culture,Place of Origin,and Service Delivery for Latino Older Adult Immigrants: The Case of Puerto Rican Older Adults

ABSTRACT

A conceptual model for the design and implementation of effective social services for Latino older adult immigrants in the United States is proposed in this article. Built on the stage-of-migration framework (Drachman, 1992 Drachman, D. 1992. A stage-of-migration framework for service to immigrant populations. Social Work, 37: 68–72. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the model presented shows how the premigration service experience of Latino older adults can be used as a basis for service design and implementation in the country of immigration. The case of Puerto Rican older adult immigrants is used to illustrate how the model can be applied to understand present service utilization and develop future programs that are useful and culturally sensitive for Latino older adult immigrants.     

Identifying Themes Regarding the Benefits and Limitations of Caregiver Support Group Conversations

Support groups continue to be one of the most needed and desired forms of help for family caregivers to persons with dementia. Though the effects of caregiver support group participation have been examined, the benefits and limitations of the dynamics of support group conversations have been neglected. This study focuses on the perceived consequences of group dynamics. Three themes—balance, sameness, and individuality—emerged through analysis of open-ended interviews with support group members following observations of their meetings. The consequences of these themes are illustrated with a case study and the implications of these themes for practitioners are discussed.     

Sonic Armatures

ABSTRACT

This article traces the construction of an acoustic regime in Renaissance Florence that was based on the casting, placement, and ringing of civic bells. In confronting the formidable but mute power of the defensive towers that dominated the city's skyline in the late middle ages, successive republican governments regulated these private towers with legislative restrictions while transforming them into a speaking architecture. The new civic bell towers played a crucial, if hitherto neglected role in the struggle to create the Florentine republic, which was the political ground upon which the cultural phenomenon of the Renaissance was founded. In contrast to the more antagonistic urbanistic policies that Florentine governments used to combat their enemies, however, the ringing of civic bells exploited the unifying power of religious bells—a power embedded in their role in uniting people into spiritual communities—to integrate its ideals, laws, and institutions into the soundscape of the city. As a result, the sonic armature created by these bells can be read as an evolving attempt to bind the social body to its architectural environment and to create a universal civic society that transcended more localized loyalties and whose existence guaranteed the legitimacy of its ruling bodies.     

时间与海德格尔的“时间性”

本文不是试图对海德格尔进行解释 ,而是试图从文本本身的角度质疑《存在与时间》中概念的矛盾性。《存在与时间》建立了一种新的 ,关于时间始源性问题的学说。时间的始源 ,被海德格尔称为“时间性”。时间性在此在分析中有中心地位 ,对时间作出了新的解释。然而时间性本身却是一个矛盾概念。时间性源于死的本真性 ;死所以是最本真的 ,因为死是必须此在自己去承担的存在可能性。如果以是否自己去承担为标准 ,那么此在能承担的存在可能性并不只有死。所以死不可能是最本真的。因而 ,时间性也不可能是始源性的时间学说。文章通过对时间性的分析指出 ,时间性学说是建立在对于时间的一般理解之上的。