Behavior towards health risks: An empirical study using the “Mad Cow” crisis as an experiment

The paper exploits the “Mad Cow” crisis as a natural experiment to gain knowledge on the behavioral effect of new health information. The analysis uses a detailed data set following a sample of households through the crisis. The paper disentangles the effect of non-separable preferences across time from the effect of previous exposure. It shows that new health information interacts in a non-monotonic way with disease susceptibility. Individuals at low or high risk of infection do not respond to new health information. The results show that individual behavior partly offsets the effect of new health information.     

生产方式、信息方式与后现代哲学思潮

“信息方式”是美国学者波斯特 (M .Poster)针对当今信息社会中信息技术 ,特别是电脑和互联网技术的发展而提出的一个新概念。信息方式是对后工业社会之后 ,信息技术尤其是网络技术的发展对当今社会日益增大的影响及其重要地位的理论反映。波斯特从后结构主义的理论出发 ,把现代技术 ,特别是电子媒介技术的发展与后现代哲学思潮 ,特别是后结构主义理论结合起来 ,论证了信息方式及其理论成立的可能性和意义 ,并试图用此概念来取代马克思的“生产方式”概念。本文作者认为 ,信息技术的发展的确与后现代哲学思潮的出现有着密切的关系 ,但这并不意味着信息方式理论就能取代马克思的生产方式概念。相反 ,马克思主义有关生产的技术方式观点 ,对理解当今的信息技术社会仍具有重要的理论意义。同时 ,我们应该从更高的层次上来看待信息方式与后现代主义之间的关系     

Portfolio Inertia and Epsilon-Contaminations

This article analyzes investors’ portfolio selection problems in a two-period dynamic model of Knightian uncertainty. We account for the existence of portfolio inertia in this two-period framework. Furthermore, by incorporating investors’ updating behavior, we analyze how observing new information in the first period will affect investors’ behavior. By this analysis, we show that observing new information in the first period will expand portfolio inertia in the second period compared with the case in which observing new information has not been gained in the first period if the degree of Knightian uncertainty is sufficiently large.     

“数字鸿沟”：当代社会阶层分析的新视角*

当代社会，随着信息技术的发展以及信息重要性的增强，以互联网等为基础的电子信息网络已经浸透于社会的各个领域之中，在产业、经济和社会中生成着一种新的信息场域，影响着人们的社会生活。本文从社会阶层的研究视角出发，透过“现代——后现代”的二维分析模式对信息及信息技术带来的“数字鸿沟”现象进行理论上的阐释，对其究竟是实现着“阶层化”还是“去阶层化”进行探讨，并对信息化高度发达的日本社会进行了“数字鸿沟”的实证分析。可以看出：信息、信息技术已经成为一种新的变量，并与社会阶层之间产生着密切的关系，重塑着社会阶层化机制。     

Effects of information on assessment of probabilities

In re-assessing probabilities of events on the basis of new information, it is important to keep in mind the question to which the information provided the answer.     

信息化条件下城市空间演化的特征研究

信息化条件下城市空间演化正呈现出新的趋势和特征。信息化的加剧使城市空间演化的进度加快,演化方式由"量"的外在扩大向"质"的内在结构延伸,并且演化内容正逐步趋向于城市内部结构的重新布局和调整。城市空间演化这些新的特征主要表现在:选址自由度被有限制地放大、产业结构调整更加合理、劳动力结构和层次发生变迁、居民生活方式发生变革,等等。信息化也正是通过对选址、产业结构、劳动力、居民生活方式产生作用进而影响到城市空间演化,从而日益成为城市空间演化的新的内在动力。     

Learning-by-doing in an ambiguous environment

How well do revealed ambiguity preferences predict how people choose to seek new information about uncertain events? In an economics experiment, we apply a new instrument to measure ambiguity preferences, and in a later session observe to what extent the measure predicts the choice to receive costly information in a learning-by-doing game. Ambiguity averse subjects are more willing to pay to receive information, while risk averse subjects are not. Holding ambiguity preferences constant, risk averse subjects tend to perform worse than risk loving subjects. The returns to experimentation, especially for ambiguity averse subjects, suggest a not-well studied but important role that ambiguity preferences play in decision-making under uncertainty.     

网络环境下图书馆信息资源的开发与利用

21世纪是信息的世纪 ,信息资源作为信息产业的基础 ,在信息社会具有举足轻重的作用。随着现代科技的迅猛发展 ,使信息资源具有了鲜明的时代特点和新的发展趋势 ,即数据库建设已成为图书馆信息资源建设的主要内容 ,网络建设已成为图书馆信息资源开发和利用的主渠道。因此 ,如何充分发挥信息资源在网络环境下的重要作用 ,以促进信息产业的发展 ,是现代图书馆所面临的一项重要任务     

上市公司公允价值相关性分析——基于我国A股市场面板数据的实证研究

2006年我国新会计准则再次引入公允价值计量后,与历史成本计量属性相比,"每股可供出售金融资产公允价值变动净额"和"每股公允价值变动损益"对股票价格具有增量的价值相关性,其中后者的价值相关性显著高于前者。在我国的资本市场中,我国投资者依据公允价值计量的会计信息进行决策选择上也具有增量的价值相关性,体现出公允价值计量所表现的会计信息比历史成本计量的会计信息更具有一定的信息含量。根据2006新会计准则要求采用公允价值计量所披露的现时会计信息比历史成本计量所披露的账面价值信息更具有显著的解释力。     

A New Understanding of the Information Civilization “Key” to “Development”

The exploration of information civilization provides a new key to a new understanding of contemporary development. As a higher level of civilization based on material energy, information civilization represents the information development of human civilization, involving development from material energy to information, development of resources from individual portions to joint sharing, development of the relationship between humans and resources from ownership to use, and the development of humanity itself and its activities from material energy to information. The unfolding of information in human civilization presents the development of information civilization as a mode of human existence, as information ecology and as a dynamic mechanism of social development. Information civilization highlights the profound significance of the fact that in the final analysis, development is human development; the inherent mechanics of human development proceeding from external conditions to internal needs; and the basic manner in which social development proceeds from quantitative increases to qualitative progress. As a result, contemporary development presents a two-way cycle of accelerating human development and social progress, in which human development increasingly takes precedence; the renewal of the drivers of development and the development of human needs are more and more directly related; and the overall level of social progress becomes the key to development. In the course of leading the rise of information civilization, China not only has unique advantages, but also faces the key task of liberating creativity.     

Subjective qualitative information structures based on orderings

This paper is motivated by the following question: Can one axiomatize information first and then probability in terms of information rather than vice versa as suggested by information theory? The emphasis here is on a new methodological approach toward a conceptualization of behavioral information which might be better suited for inferences involving nonrepeatable events or an insufficient number of repeatable events, based on the assumption that information is prior to probability statements. The main idea is to generate (via a Boolean homorphism) a Boolean algebra of events by an appropriate information structure and to utilize the notion of a topogeneous order similar to that of a Boolean order.     

Consumer‐directed care for older Australians: Are resources identified on the Web adequate to support decisions about home‐based care packages?

Consumer‐directed care (CDC) was introduced as part of aged care policy reforms in Australia in 2012. CDC aims to promote choice and control for people with complex needs who need home care and supports. While more choices may bring benefits, information and resources are needed by people to navigate new and complex care‐related decisions. In 2017, we identified the resources available to support consumers of the new CDC Home Care Packages (HCP) program via an Internet search. Forty‐six resources were analysed to assess the adequacy of information to inform care choices. General information was most frequently found, but information to guide specific choices, such as choosing or changing service providers, was limited. Accessibility of information was limited for non‐English speakers and for people with low literacy or reduced capacity for decision making. No training opportunities were identified, and only one non‐partisan organisation offered support for decision making. Overall, the information and supports analysed were not adequate to assist older people to make choices to ensure consumer direction of care. There is an urgent need to improve the quality and accessibility of information and provide training and support for choice, particularly for those with limited decision‐making capacity, such as those living with dementia.     

技术治理的运作机制研究——以上海市L街道一门式电子政务中心为案例

本文试图从信息技术与组织结构之间互动机制的角度,对中国政府改革进程中信息技术促进基层公共部门革     

文化的信息关系与主体性书写

以＂信息方式＂的方法论层面与＂文本场性＂的本体论层面为基础,可对游离在信息技术形式和信息内容之间的＂信息关系＂及其主体性书写效果进行有效省察。信息关系兼有形式的内容性和内容的形式性,属于物化和意义、身体和表征之外以及之间的＂第三区间＂。＂信息关系＂并非新的理论洞察,但从包含形式的内容性和内容的形式性的＂第三区间＂层面对它的学理审视,可作为媒介理论和文化现实互动的一个新的概念＂接口＂和重要维度。     

高职网络课程建设的策略研究

随着计算机和网络信息技术的日益发展,教育正走向信息化和现代化。网络课程区别于传统课程,有其自身的特点。新形势下高职人才的培养,要求高职网络课程要从诸多方面进行改进。     

Are beliefs a matter of taste? A case for objective imprecise information

We argue, in the spirit of some of Jean-Yves Jaffray’s work, that explicitly incorporating the information, however imprecise, available to the decision maker is relevant, feasible, and fruitful. In particular, we show that it can lead us to know whether the decision maker has wrong beliefs and whether it matters or not, that it makes it possible to better model and analyze how the decision maker takes into account new information, even when this information is not an event and finally that it is crucial when attempting to identify and measure the decision maker’s attitude toward imprecise information.     

高等教育的新基石

信息技术加速了国际间的相互依存,改变了人们的生活方式和思维方式,也改变了教师的教学方式和学生的学习方式。知识的建构内容、途径和过程须要重新定义。高等教育必须开拓新的方法以适应新的现实需求。该文旨在探讨知识的建构及其内容、途径和过程的新概念,并为管理人员、教师与学生提供了如何探索改革高等教育的新策略     

论高校学报编辑的主体作用与办刊创新

高校学报编辑在办刊过程中,身居信息传播渠道把关人的主体位置。在对选择加工信息的质量标准上应有着更高的追求,使编辑的主体意识、价值取向、专业职能在其工作的全过程中得以实现。高校学报在学术上要永葆先进性,在形式上要给读者以耳目一新的感觉,就必须创新。     

试论网络广告的传播优势

网络广告借助数字化技术 ,对传统的广告媒体进行了重组和创新。作为全新的媒体 ,它否定并抛弃了传统广告所具有的强制性 ,突显了自由与开放的信息传播方式 ,其信息反馈的即时性是以往任何传统广告所不能比拟的。网络广告的传播优势集中体现在受众的国际广泛性、信息交互的反馈性、投放目标的针对性、信息的自愿选择性和时空的延续性。     

Evaluation of scientific merit in col laboratories: A new look at an old question

What role can information science play in promoting public understanding of science and technology? In order to answer this question, it is important to understand the new perspective which is emerging for research in the information science field. Internet, and the information superhighways announced both in Europe and the United States, are increasingly focusing attention on computer‐mediated communication within research communities. “Collaboratories”; is the name given to work aimed at using computer‐based technologies to help promote the social processes of knowledge production. One goal of information science lies in efforts to measure the contribution of technical devices to knowledge production practices. This is called infometrics research; it requires a clear understanding of how the social system of science regulates information flows to promote these practices.