组织承诺维度及其对角色和角色外绩效的影响

通过267份组织承诺和253份工作绩效匹配的问卷调查数据的验证性因素分析显示,组织承诺是一个三维结构模型回归分析发现,感情承诺通过规范承诺中介效应对角色绩效和角色外绩效产生影响,而持续承诺与角色绩效不相关,与角色外绩效负相关.本研究的目的就是验证Allen和Meyer(1991)三维度组织承诺结构模型,检验三维组织承诺对工作绩效的影响.文章最后讨论了研究结果的理论、实证和实践的意义.     

非正式控制对销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的影响

正式控制的局限性、企业对客户关系的重视以及销售人员素质的提高,使得企业越发重视销售人员的非正式控制,但是关于非正式控制对销售人员绩效和客户关系质量影响的研究还较少,非正式控制时销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的作用机制与作用效果还没有得到有效验证.本文在理论分析的基础上,建立了非正式控制影响销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的概念模型和研究假设,并进行了实证检验.结果表明:非正式控制对绩效既有直接影响,也有间接影响,其中间接影响的中介变量为角色明晰性:非正式控制只能通过角色明晰性和情感性承诺对客户关系质量产生间接影响,而对客户关系质量的直接影响不显著.非正式控制对角色明晰性、情感性承诺、绩效、客户关系质量影响的总效应分别为0.38、0.51、0.48、0.48.实证研究结果为企业强化销售人员的非正式控制提供了理论支撑,对其他员工管理控制的研究与实践也具有借鉴意义.     

大股东对经理人信任、控制机制与企业新产品开发绩效的实证研究

分析大股东对经理人信任如何影响企业新产品开发绩效,并对比不同控制方式下,信任对新产品开发影响的差异。基于150家制造企业的实证研究表明,大股东对经理人越信任,越有利于企业新产品开发绩效的提高;大股东对经理人信任通过促进企业家导向,间接作用于企业新产品开发绩效;财务控制倒U型调节信任与新产品开发之间的关系;战略控制正向调节信任与企业家导向之间的关系。     

特质乐观和状态乐观对一线服务员工服务绩效的影响——基于“角色压力—倦怠—工作结果”框架

传统的“角色压力—倦怠—工作结果”框架指出角色压力对工作结果有消极影响,学术界对于如何应对角色压力也进行了较多探讨,然而,以往的研究主要关注外部因素.积极组织行为学指出,乐观是个体的一种重要内在状态,乐观对工作绩效有积极影响,但是较少有文献关注乐观在预测和应对角色压力、进而提高服务绩效中的作用.本研究以银行业、移动通信业和饭店业的一线服务员工为调研对象,在传统的“角色压力—倦怠—工作结果”框架基础上引入乐观变量,并将其区分为特质乐观和状态乐观来研究乐观对员工服务绩效的影响.实证结果发现,特质乐观和状态乐观对角色内服务绩效和角色外服务绩效均有显著的影响,但是状态乐观的影响更大;两种类型的乐观对服务绩效的影响机理不同,角色压力和倦怠中介了特质乐观对服务绩效的影响,但是在状态乐观对服务绩效的影响中不存在中介作用.     

跨边界协同激励对销售人员绩效的影响机制研究

本文在特许经营的背景下,突破传统理论中默认的被激励对象所在组织为激励主体的思维,从制造商对经销商组织的激励下沉到对经销商人员的激励,研究制造商跨边界协同激励对经销商销售人员努力和绩效的影响。研究发现跨边界协同激励是经销商销售人员绩效产生的重要原因,销售人员努力是连接跨边界协同激励与绩效关系的桥梁,但制造商物质和非物质激励对于销售人员的任务绩效、脉络绩效和忠诚绩效影响机制各有不同。     

创业导向与创新绩效：高管团队特征和市场动态性的影响

创业导向对创新绩效的提升具有重要的影响,但创业导向与创新绩效的关系还可能受高管团队特征和市场动态性的影响。根据基于注意力的观点,对创业导向、创新绩效、高管团队的异质性、高管团队的共同愿景和市场动态性的关系进行研究,探讨高管团队的异质性和共同愿景对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节作用,并进一步研究这种调节作用是否受市场动态性的影响。利用在广东、江苏、山东、陕西和河南5地收集的264份调查问卷,采用多元线性回归和调节效应的检验方法对研究假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,创业导向对创新绩效有正向促进作用,高管团队的异质性有助于加强创业导向与创新绩效的关系。在稳定的市场环境下,高管团队的异质性对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节效应更强;在不考虑环境动态性和环境动态性较低的情况下,高管团队的共同愿景对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节效应不显著,但在动态性较高的市场环境下,可以显著地正向调节创业导向与创新绩效的关系。     

制造商对供应商长期导向的前因作用机理研究

以中国典型装备制造企业为研究对象,在对已有制造商对供应商长期导向相关研究进行简要梳理和评述的基础上,研究制造商对供应商长期导向前因的作用机理,构建概念模型,并提出研究假设.基于中国部分典型装备制造企业的问卷调查数据,运用AMOS统计分析工具,运用结构方程模型对整体研究模型进行假设检验和路径分析,并检验各研究变量之间的影响关系及其效果.研究结果表明,制造商对供应商的信任、保证和依赖是影响制造商对供应商长期导向的主导因素,显著、积极影响制造商对供应商的长期导向；制造商对供应商供应绩效的满意、制造商与供应商人员之间的关系、供应商能力以及合作规范作为制造商对供应商信任、保证和依赖的前置因素,间接作用于制造商对供应商的长期导向.     

创业失败经验与新产品开发绩效的倒U形关系：创业导向的多重中介作用

已有研究忽视先前经验中创业失败经验的独特价值,缺乏对创业失败经验是否以及如何影响新产品开发绩效的研究。整合经验学习和认知理论,基于231位创业老手及其新创企业的经验数据,使用层次回归和自助方法检验创业失败经验对新产品开发绩效的影响,同时探索创业导向在两者关系间的多重中介作用。研究结果表明,创业失败经验与新产品开发绩效存在倒U形关系,创业失败经验与创业导向的预应性、创新性和风险承担性3个维度间存在倒U形关系,创业导向在创业失败经验与新产品开发绩效的关系中起部分中介作用。研究结果深化了对创业情景下失败经验与组织绩效关系的理解,提出失败经验向新产品开发绩效转化的中间路径,对创业者和风险投资家有重要的实践启示。     

基于资源保存理论的组织政治知觉对国有企业员工工作绩效的影响机理研究

通过对1 224份国有企业员工的问卷分析,探讨了组织政治知觉对角色内绩效和组织公民行为的影响,并利用潜调节结构方程模型检验了工作自主性的调节作用。研究表明,一般性政治行为知觉对角色内绩效和参与组织活动以及参与公益活动2类组织公民行为有显著负向影响;保持沉默静待好处知觉对角色内绩效和4维度组织公民行为有显著正向影响;政治性薪酬和晋升政策知觉对角色内绩效和尽职行为有显著负向影响,对助人行为、参与组织活动、参与公益活动有显著正向影响;工作自主性显著正向调节了组织政治知觉与角色内绩效和除尽职行为外的其他组织公民行为之间的关系。研究结论显示,不同组织政治知觉对员工角色内、角色外绩效的影响存在差异,揭示出组织政治的两面性:既可促进员工绩效的提升,又可导致员工行为错位,这成为国有企业运行低效的一个重要原因。     

海外分销渠道控制对出口绩效影响的实证研究——以我国制造业出口企业为例

本文以我国制造业出口企业为研究对象,就我国出口厂家在海外经营过程中对海外分销商的控制与出口绩效的关系进行实证研究.研究发现作为单边控制的结果控制以及作为双边控制的灵活性对出口绩效有正向的影响,同时,研究也发现创新性的组织文化时结果控制与出口绩效的影响关系有负向的调节作用,对灵活性与出口绩效的影响关系有正向的调节作用.     

边界管理人员关系与企业间关系——信任的核心作用

边界管理人员是企业间关系营销的界面,因此,不同企业边界管理人员之间的关系对企业间关系的发展会产生很大影响。通过选取代表性的关系变量,构建出一个结构方程模型,以家电分销渠道中的分销商为样本来源,检验了边界管理人员关系变量通过信任的核心调节作用对企业间关系的影响。     

The Contingent Effects of Role Ambiguity and Role Novelty on Expatriates' Work‐related Outcomes

Research on work stress has highlighted its negative outcomes for both individuals and their employers. Overseas assignments are more stressful than domestic assignments, and their relatively high failure rates are well documented. We suggest, however, that certain types of stress can positively affect expatriate performance. Based on role theory and the distinction between hindrance and challenge stressors, we develop hypotheses regarding the influence of role ambiguity and role novelty on expatriate success. We also conceptualize and empirically investigate the moderating influence of expatriates' perceptions of organizational support and supervisor support. Our hypotheses are tested using a sample of 125 Japanese expatriate managers in Germany. We find that role ambiguity is a hindrance stressor and negatively affects job satisfaction and work adjustment, while role novelty acts as a challenge stressor and positively affects job satisfaction, task performance and work adjustment. Our findings also show that perceived organizational support attenuates the negative effects of role ambiguity on work adjustment and strengthens the positive effect of role novelty on job satisfaction. We also find that supervisor support positively moderates the positive effect of role novelty on job satisfaction and work adjustment.     

Leadership and Uncertainty: How Role Ambiguity Affects the Relationship between Leader Group Prototypicality and Leadership Effectiveness

In social identity analyses of leadership the role of leader group prototypicality (the extent to which the leader is representative of the collective identity) in leadership effectiveness is emphasized. We extend this analysis by identifying role ambiguity as a situational influence that feeds into the desire to reduce uncertainty, as a moderator of the relationship between leader group prototypicality and indicators of leadership effectiveness (perceived effectiveness, job satisfaction and turnover intentions). Role ambiguity is proposed to lead people to turn to their group memberships, making leadership effectiveness more contingent on the extent to which leaders are group prototypical. Results of a survey of n=368 employees of four Italian companies supported this hypothesis. Role ambiguity and leader group prototypicality interacted in predicting perceived effectiveness, job satisfaction and turnover intentions, such that leader group prototypicality was more strongly related to leadership effectiveness for employees experiencing greater role ambiguity.     

Performance effects of MNC headquarters–subsidiary conflict and the role of boundary spanners: The case of headquarter initiative rejection

Recent research suggests that both the scholarly and the managerial perspectives on intra-organizational conflict in multinational corporations (MNC) between headquarters (HQ) and their foreign subsidiaries have changed. Today, conflict is not necessarily regarded as dysfunctional or the result of inefficient global integration. Instead, conflict is now considered a normal consequence of organizing and managing across national borders. This research advances the literature on HQ–subsidiary relationships by adding new insights to the Headquarters–subsidiary conflict discussion, especially in the so far under-researched case of headquarter initiative rejection by foreign subsidiaries. We specifically focus on subsidiary conflict negotiation tactics, the effects of organizational and individual managerial power, and the characteristics and roles of MNC managers that act as boundary spanners during intra-organizational conflict processes. A qualitative, iterative, multiphase research approach was used to develop new theory pertaining to the phenomenon. The results show that in the presence of boundary spanners, dysfunctional conflict is less common and better overall organizational performance can be achieved for both the subsidiary and the MNC as a whole. The results also indicate that the boundary spanning ability is only partly formalizable and that some MNCs are able to foster boundary spanners better than others.     

内部营销对一线服务员工任务绩效影响的实证研究

本文以饭店业一线服务员工为研究对象,初步验证了Keller等学者的内部营销组合工具量表在中国背景下的适用性,并应用Bagozzi的态度理论模型,采用结构方程建模方法,构建并验证了基于内部营销组合工具视角的一线服务员工任务绩效预测模型。实证结果表明,一线服务员工对企业内部营销努力的感知,即对内部工作产品、内部价格、内部分销以及内部促销等内部营销组合工具的评价,决定了他们的情感承诺(对组织的情感反应)和工作满意(对工作的情感反应)水平,进而影响了他们的任务绩效水平(行为),一线服务员工的情感反应变量是解释企业内部营销努力影响一线服务员工任务绩效的中介变量。     

How does training improve customer service quality? The roles of transfer of training and job satisfaction

This study explores the roles of transfer of training and job satisfaction in the relationship between training and customer service quality. The data were collected from 230 employees and their supervisors and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that training indirectly influences customer service quality through the mediation of transfer of training and job satisfaction. Moreover, training directly and indirectly affects transfer of training through the mediation of job satisfaction, which in turn partially mediates the relationship between transfer of training and customer service quality. Furthermore, perceived organizational support (POS) moderates the relationship between training and transfer of training. This study extends social exchange theory, norm of reciprocity, and goal setting theory. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed.     

Moderating effects of social support in shiftworking and non-shiftworking nurses

The effects of social support on the job stress (role ambiguity)-strain (job dissatisfaction, intent-to-turnover, health problems) relationship were investigated in shiftworking (second and third shifts) and non-shiftworking (first shift) groups of nurses (N = 191). Previous research indicates that shiftworkers frequently report problems of social integration as a negative aspect of their jobs. Additionally, shiftworkers demonstrate a number of stress-related illnesses. Social support has been hypothesized to show its strongest stress-buffering (i.e. moderating) effects in high stress environments. In other words, persons with higher levels of social support are less likely to be negatively affected by high stress environments. It was hypothesized that individuals working on shiftwork would demonstrate stronger moderating effects of social support on the job stress-strain relationship than non-shiftworkers because of the stressful nature of shiftwork and the importance of social integration difficulties to shiftworkers. The dependent measures used in the analyses were global job satisfaction, intent-to-quit, and perceived health problems. Main and moderating effects of social support were found for several of the analyses. For shiftworkers, this buffering effect was significantly greater for supervisor social support on global job satisfaction and intent-to-quit. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Unfair,uncertain, and unwilling: How decision-making unfairness and unclear job tasks reduce problem-focused voice behavior,unless there is task conflict

In an attempt to expand extant literature devoted to employees' voice behavior, the current research unpacks the connection between their experience of procedural unfairness, such that organizational decision-making lacks transparency, and their problem-focused voice behavior. In this link, the authors predict that job ambiguity functions as a mediator, and coworker task conflict takes a moderating role. Survey data, collected among employees in a large Portuguese retail organization, affirm that perceptions about unfair decision policies can curtail employees’ propensities to raise their voice about organizational failures, because they develop the belief that their employer is failing to provide sufficient job-related information. If they can exchange conflicting viewpoints with others though, this detrimental process might not proceed. Organizations should take care to avoid accusations of unclear job roles, because they create a route by which frustrations about opaque decision-making can escalate into employee complacency; they also should encourage productive idea clashes within their ranks to help block that route.     

公仆型领导、员工集体和个人的工作态度对服务质量的影响

作者在13家宾馆和餐馆进行了一次实证研究,探讨饭店管理人员的公仆型领导风格、员工集体和个人的工作态度对员工的服务质量的影响。多层次线性模型分析结果表明,部门的公仆型领导氛围会直接影响员工集体的工作满意感,并通过集体情感性归属感,间接影响员工的服务质量。部门的公仆型领导氛围会调节员工感知的部门负责人的公仆型领导风格对他们的服务质量的影响;员工集体的情感性归属感会调节员工个人的工作满意感和情感性归属感对服务质量的影响。     

互惠对工作要求——工作满意度曲线关系的调节作用

本文运用中国文化背景下开发的互惠量表,通过对西安某合资制药企业210名员工的调查,考察了企业对员工三种类型的互惠行为对工作要求—工作满意度的倒U型关系的调节作用。调查结果表明,广义互惠、平衡互惠越高,二者的倒U型关系越明显,负互惠越高,二者的倒U型关系越不明显。