基线评估法在社会工作实务过程中的应用

社会工作作为一种应用型较强的职业,它的工作过程是怎样的呢?其效果又如何呢?要做出对社会工作过程和效果的客观评价,就需要评估。那么具体采用什么样的评估方法呢?在社会工作实务过程中有一种比较有效、直观的方法叫基线评估法。本文试就基线测量法的含义、基线测量法的操作程序、基线评估法的优缺点等方面作探讨。     

论题学的法律方法论意义

作为法律方法的一种,论题学方法虽然长期受到忽略,但这种研究在20世纪后半期得以回归。论题学法律方法是在具体个案场合,经过讨论或论辩,给出论据,解决法律问题,并由此成为当今法律论证方法中的一种。虽然存在一定的局限性,但论题学方法对我国法学与法治均有重要启示意义。

Abstract：

As a kind of legal method,the method of propositional study has been neglected for a long time,while this study revives in the later half of the 20th century.This method can be defined as to present arguments through debate to solve legal problems in concrete cases,and thus the method has been a kind of method in legal argument.Although there still exists some defects,it has important significance to legal theory and rule by law in China.     

Setting the Boundary of an Interorganizational Network

ABSTRACT

A method for setting the boundary of an interorganizational network is described. This method is then applied to an interorganizational network for disaster services. The results show that the method was successful at identifying a larger and more varied network membership than would have been identified using other methods. Further research should apply the method to various types of service networks in various settings.     

龚自珍的德教方法及其现代价值

龚自珍是清代著名的启蒙思想家,他对于道德教育非常重视。在长期的德教实践中,他提出了“各因其性情之近”的因材施教、“语而不论,论而不辨”的身教示范、“人外无诗,诗外无人”的情感教育、“心无力者,谓之庸人”的意志锻炼法和“以教之耻为先”的自我教育等德教方法。透过这些方法,我们可以窥见龚自珍对我国传统德教所做出的重要理论贡献。这些理论贡献,对我国近代的道德教育曾产生过重要影响,即使在当代,仍具有重要的借鉴价值,值得我们认真研习、汲取。     

《社会工作概论》教学中的“角色扮演”

"角色扮演"教学法具有能够调动学生的积极性、模拟环境的安全性、模拟场景的真实性、增强学生之间的互动等优点。"角色扮演"教学法在延安大学《社会工作概论》课程教学中得到尝试和应用,并取得良好的教学效果。在《社会工作概论》教学中运用"角色扮演"法,一定要注意处理好角色扮演过程中出现的各种情况。由于在角色扮演过程中出现的情况难以预料,所以教师要全程参与,并把其它教学方法与"角色扮演"法有机结合起来使用,从而使社会工作教学取得更好的教学效果。     

The Ovulation Method—A Wider View

This is an express rejoinder to the article preceding this by Katharine Betts, The Ovulation Method of Contraception, pp. 1–14. It endeavours to present natural family planning and the ovulation method in particular in proper perspective. The ovulation method is given accurate definition and its scientific basis outlined. Criticisms of the method are answered and its advantages over other natural methods detailed. The philosophy of natural family planning is positively presented. Some conclusions are drawn about the policy of the previous Labor government and predictions are made for the future of the method.     

试论哲学对经济学的影响

哲学对经济学的影响是与生俱来的,一部西方经济学理论的发展史,与西方哲学史的发展是密切相关的。主要包含有两大方面,其一,经济学体系中有关其基本前提“理性经济人”假设的认识和争议,受到了哲学理性概念的深刻影响;其二,哲学对经济学最为深刻的影响,就在于其为经济学家研究经济现象提供了理性演绎法、历史归纳法、实证分析、规范分析等工具和方法。     

Stronger utility

Empirical research often requires a method how to convert a deterministic economic theory into an econometric model. A popular method is to add a random error term on the utility scale. This method, however, ignores stochastic dominance. A modification of this method is proposed to account for stochastic dominance. The modified model compares favorably to other existing models in terms of goodness of fit to experimental data. The modified model can rationalize the preference reversal phenomenon. An intuitive axiomatic characterization of the modified model is provided. Important microeconomic concept of risk aversion is well defined in the modified model.     

借助拉格朗日乘数法优化社会扩大再生产

文章提出一种借助拉格朗日乘数法优化两大部类社会扩大再生产的方法。运用拉格朗日函数法,将获得扩大再生产的最优解析解问题,转化成目标函数在定义域边界点上的若干取值比较和判定问题,使问题变得很简单、明确。进而容易地确定扩大再生产的最优解所处的边界点,获得最优解。借助马克思《资本论》中的一个举例,对此方法做了计算验证。     

论层次及层次思维方法

层次思维方法是科学方法中的一种重要方法,值得人们去关注和研究。该方法内涵的层次概念与我们平时所谈的结构概念有着本质区别,不能混同。该方法有着简化和分化、级化和强化、目标性和对应性等五大特征;还有整体化、模型化、程序化、递序性等基本原则。该方法在科学研究中有着突破思维定势,不断推进人们对物质特性层次认识等功能。     

引入情感教学法,增强高校思想道德课的实效性

为了增强高校思想道德课的实效性,本文主张引入情感教学法。文章介绍了情感教学法的涵义和教学原则以及情感源点。情感教学法增强思想道德课实效性的作用在于:首先,通过增进大学生对道德观念和道德规范的认知及其內化、陶冶大学生的道德情操、塑造大学生的道德意志行为,来增强大学生的思想道德素质;其次,情感教学法有助于促进大学生身心健康和全面发展。     

AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF TEACHING FACTS WITHIN A GROUPWORK CONTEXT

The purpose of this article is to explain an effective method of teaching/acts to teenagers within a groupwork context. In addition to explaining how the method is implemented, the authors talk about the kind of role the facilitator should take, the benefits to the group other than educational, the observations the facililator can make about the group and the individuals in it, and the limitations of the method.     

The Likelihood Method for Decision under Uncertainty

This paper introduces the likelihood method for decision under uncertainty. The method allows the quantitative determination of subjective beliefs or decision weights without invoking additional separability conditions, and generalizes the Savage–de Finetti betting method. It is applied to a number of popular models for decision under uncertainty. In each case, preference foundations result from the requirement that no inconsistencies are to be revealed by the version of the likelihood method appropriate for the model considered. A unified treatment of subjective decision weights results for most of the decision models popular today. Savage’s derivation of subjective expected utility can now be generalized and simplified. In addition to the intuitive and empirical contributions of the likelihood method, we provide a number of technical contributions: We generalize Savage’s nonatomiticy condition (“P6”) and his assumption of (sigma) algebras of events, while fully maintaining his flexibility regarding the outcome set. Derivations of Choquet expected utility and probabilistic sophistication are generalized and simplified similarly. The likelihood method also reveals a common intuition underlying many other conditions for uncertainty, such as definitions of ambiguity aversion and pessimism.     

大学生心理健康学校社会工作评估方法应用研究

本文尝试将模糊综合评价法应用于大学生心理健康学校社会工作评估中.基本思路为:首先,简要介绍模糊综合评价法的原理;其次,以泸州医学院为例,实证检验模糊综合评价法在大学生心理健康学校社会工作评估中的可行性和适用性;最后,得出有关研究结论和建议.     

Four Studies Toward and Empirical Foundation for Group Therapy

In the first of four studies reported here, it was demonstrated that employing randomly selected client disclosures as goals in a Goal Attainment Scale method of assessing outcome in group therapy yielded positive outcome results, adding support to the use of this method of therapy outcome assessment. In the second study, employing the GAS method it was demonstrated that the percentage of positive and negative statements per minute had more impact on outcome than the number of minutes spent discussing the problem. In the third study, employing the same outcome assessment methodology, it was shown that the greater the discloser's difference in emotional induction versus subsequent reduction when discussing his or her disclosure, the greater the positive therapeutic outcome from the group. In the final study, a new method of global improvement based on the DSM III was compared with the GAS outcome. It was shown that the DSM III global assessment methodology was sensitive to the same outcome measured by the GAS method. It was also shown that the DSM II outcome assessment method was less biased by therapist expectation when the treating therapist was asked to give a best and worst case DSM III analysis of the client and the mean of these was used as the best estimate of client pathology.     

大学生心理健康学校社会工作评估方法应用研究

本文尝试将模糊综合评价法应用于大学生心理健康学校社会工作评估中。基本思路为：首先,简要介绍模糊综合评价法的原理;其次,以泸州医学院为例,实证检验模糊综合评价法在大学生心理健康学校社会工作评估中的可行性和适用性;最后,得出有关研究结论和建议。     

Error Propagation in the Elicitation of Utility and Probability Weighting Functions

Elicitation methods in decision-making under risk allow us to infer the utilities of outcomes as well as the probability weights from the observed preferences of an individual. An optimally efficient elicitation method is proposed, which takes the inevitable distortion of preferences by random errors into account and minimizes the effect of such errors on the inferred utility and probability weighting functions. Under mild assumptions, the optimally efficient method for eliciting utilities and probability weights is the following three-stage procedure. First, a probability is elicited whose subjective weight is one half. Second, the utility function is elicited through the midpoint chaining certainty equivalent method using the probability elicited at the first stage. Finally, the probability weighting function is elicited through the probability equivalent method.     

怀疑方法:一种创造性思维方法

怀疑方法是一种创造性思维方法,是对怀疑论的超越,它对于人类认识和实践都具有重要意义.合理的怀疑方法,是人们在认识和实践活动中,对客观事物的事实性或具体认识、实践的科学性和合理性所作的反思、批判、评价或规范,它具有未定性、辩证性、中介性和实践性.为了促进当代人类活动的科学化、合理化,有必要重建马克思主义的合理怀疑方法.     

The legal aspects of parental rights in assisted reproductive technology

This paper provides an overview of the different legal approaches that are used in various jurisdictions to determine parental rights and obligations of the parties involved in third party assisted reproduction. Additionally, the paper explores the differing legal models that are used depending on the method of surrogacy being utilized. The data demonstrates that a given method of surrogacy may well result in different procedures and outcomes regarding parental rights in different jurisdictions. This suggests the need for a uniform method to resolve parental rights where assisted reproductive technology is involved .     

从结论看方法：社会学研究的现实性维度思考——关于美国社会学者对中国社会分层研究的讨论*

本文以社会分层研究为例,指出面向现实是社会学研究科学性的根本保证,研究结论就是对现实的反映,而这种反映的真实程度又是由研究方法所决定的,方法的选择和实施则是由研究范式所指导的。范式、方法和结论最终统一在研究的现实性维度之上。