沪深300指数衍生证券的多市场交易与价格发现

中国正积极开发以沪深300指数为标的的多种衍生产品,希望形成多市场交易格局。论文采用信息份额模型和共因子模型研究了多市场交易对沪深300指数价格发现的影响。结果显示：股指期货对价格发现贡献度最高;与人们的直觉相悖,允许现金赎回的华泰柏瑞ETF基金的价格发现贡献度高于实物赎回的嘉实 ETF 基金。进一步的证据表明,股指期货和指数ETF基金各自的和相对的波动性是影响其相对价格发现能力的主要因素,而非流动性。最后,根据研究结论提出了进一步完善中国多层次指数衍生证券市场的相关建议。     

基于金融高频数据的ETF套利分析

目前对ETF的研究大多基于日数据,无法定量研究ETF瞬时套利问题。本文基于华夏上证50ETF和华安上证180ETF二级市场交易的高频数据,分析了ETF跟踪标的指数的日内误差,研究了两只ETF实现无风险套利的市场冲击成本和时间成本。最后利用金融久期分析了ETF二级市场的日内效应及其对套利交易的影响,并建立ACD模型,提供了定量预测实现套利交易时间成本的统计方法。     

一种混合建模方法及其在ETF期权定价中的应用

科学合理的交易型开放式指数基金（ETF）期权定价有利于充分发挥其风险对冲功能,也是一个需要准确掌握市场规律并兼顾经济学意义的复杂建模过程。本文提出了一种新的混合建模方法,将嵌套长短时记忆神经网络模型（NLSTM）与Heston模型结合,实现ETF期权定价偏差的动态修正,并基于华夏上证50ETF、嘉实沪深300ETF和华泰柏瑞沪深300ETF的高频期权数据,实验验证了所提方法的有效性。研究结果表明,不同类型ETF期权价格的波动特征差异显著,无论是基于BS定价模型还是Heston定价模型都难以准确刻画ETF期权价格的复杂变化规律。通过将NLSTM神经网络模型与Heston模型结合,能够有效地捕捉不同类型ETF期权的动态变化规律,从而提升ETF期权定价的准确性。     

基于VaR模型的开放式基金流动性风险研究

本文从流动性的基本定义出发,根据我国证券市场的特征,设计了一个流动性度量指标,并将该指标纳入VaR风险度量体系。并进行了实证研究,分析了基金流动性风险及其实际意义。     

基于VaR模型的开放式基金流动性风险研究

本文从流动性的基本定义出发,根据我国证券市场的特征,设计了一个流动性度量指标,并将该指标纳入VaR风险度量体系.并进行了实证研究,分析了基金流动性风险及其实际意义.     

我国开放式基金的风险度量模型研究

开放式基金作为一种收益共享、风险共担的集合投资工具,日益受到投资者的青睐.本文首先对开放式基金传统的风险度量方法,以及Bangia、Diebold、Schuermann&Stroughair模型、Hisata&Yamai的L-VaR模型和Shamroukh的流动性风险调整VaR模型进行了综述,指出其适用性与局限性.在此基础上,提出改进的开放式基金流动性风险度量指标,通过改进的指数化换手率来避免因换手率的差异而导致流动性风险测量的失真,构建我国开放式基金的资产流动性风险价值和条件风险价值度量模型.同时,考虑股票停牌、权重股等因素,在实证中反映我国开放式基金的流动性风险,形成基于流动性风险调整的开放式基金资产变现方法.     

基于Levy-GARCH模型的上证50ETF市场跳跃行为与波动特征研究

上证ETF50期权的发行推动学界开始关注其标的资产的波动特点。本文引入带跳跃的Levy-GARCH非高斯条件异方差模型，结合Fourier数值极大似然估计及回溯测试，对上证50ETF的跳跃和波动特征进行实证分析，并与上证综指、深证成指进行比较。研究结果表明，与国内主要市场指数相比，上证50ETF市场同样存在显著的条件异方差效应和随机跳跃行为，但波动率并不存在显著的杠杆效应。本文通过与多个市场和行业指数进行对照比较，并从行业特征、成份股特征、市场机制特点等角度解释了上证50ETF杠杆效应不显著的原因。     

我国ETF跟踪误差实证研究

本文首先选用用三种不同的方法研究具有代表性的华泰柏瑞沪深300ETF和嘉实沪深300ETF的跟踪误差,然后分别计算每只基金分阶段跟踪误差波动状况及变化特征,并进一步针对我国资本市场发展现状提出改善ETF发展的几点建议。     

流动性、流动性风险与基金业绩——基于我国开放式基金的实证研究

本文构建了我国资本市场的流动性因子,从基金持有资产的角度度量基金的流动性及其风险,分别考察二者对业绩的影响,并在控制某些基金特征之后,从流动性效应、持续性等方面研究了二者对于业绩的综合影响。实证结果显示,流动性beta是一个有效的流动性风险测度,基金业绩中存在流动性溢价和流动性风险溢价,表明基金的流动性和流动性风险不仅可以预测业绩,还可用于识别基金经理是否具有主动管理能力,从而为投资者决策提供了有效的方法。     

中小板ETF的价格发现能力研究

使用日内5分钟交易高频数据,通过误差修正模型和方差分解等技术研究中小板ETF与其标的指数间的价格发现,进而探讨信息传递过程。实证结果显示：中小板ETF价格与中小板P指数间存在协整关系,达到了长期均衡;价格发现能力上,中小板P指数领先中小板ETF;中小板P指数受到新信息影响所产生的冲击大于中小板ETF价格所产生的冲击,中小板P指数对预测误差方差的解释能力强于中小板ETF价格,中小板P指数为信息传递的领先指标。我国ETF市场的有效性有待提升。     

Summarizing Risk Using Risk Measures and Risk Indices

Our society is fascinated with risk in many different areas and disciplines. One of the main ways to describe and communicate the level of risk is through risk indices, which summarize risk using numbers or categories such as words, letters, or colors. These indices are used to communicate risks to the public, understand how risk is changing over time, compare among different risks, and support decision making. Given the different methods to construct risk indices, including flawed methods such as risk matrices, this article develops specific steps that analysts can follow to create a risk index. This article emphasizes the importance of describing risk with a probability distribution, developing a numerical risk measure that summarizes the probability distribution, and finally translating the risk measure to an index. Measuring the risk is the most difficult part and requires the analyst to summarize a probability distribution into one or possibly a few numbers. The risk measure can then be transformed to a numerical or categorical index. I apply the method outlined in this article to construct a risk index that compares the risk of fatalities in aviation and highway transportation.     

Characterizing Risk for Cumulative Risk Assessments

In assessing environmental health risks, the risk characterization step synthesizes information gathered in evaluating exposures to stressors together with dose–response relationships, characteristics of the exposed population, and external environmental conditions. This article summarizes key steps of a cumulative risk assessment (CRA) followed by a discussion of considerations for characterizing cumulative risks. Cumulative risk characterizations differ considerably from single chemical‐ or single source‐based risk characterization. CRAs typically focus on a specific population instead of a pollutant or pollutant source and should include an evaluation of all relevant sources contributing to the exposures in the population and other factors that influence dose–response relationships. Second, CRAs may include influential environmental and population‐specific conditions, involving multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors. Third, a CRA could examine multiple health effects, reflecting joint toxicity and the potential for toxicological interactions. Fourth, the complexities often necessitate simplifying methods, including judgment‐based and semi‐quantitative indices that collapse disparate data into numerical scores. Fifth, because of the higher dimensionality and potentially large number of interactions, information needed to quantify risk is typically incomplete, necessitating an uncertainty analysis. Three approaches that could be used for characterizing risks in a CRA are presented: the multiroute hazard index, stressor grouping by exposure and toxicity, and indices for screening multiple factors and conditions. Other key roles of the risk characterization in CRAs are also described, mainly the translational aspect of including a characterization summary for lay readers (in addition to the technical analysis), and placing the results in the context of the likely risk‐based decisions.     

Probabilistic Risk Analysis and Terrorism Risk

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent establishment of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), considerable efforts have been made to estimate the risks of terrorism and the cost effectiveness of security policies to reduce these risks. DHS, industry, and the academic risk analysis communities have all invested heavily in the development of tools and approaches that can assist decisionmakers in effectively allocating limited resources across the vast array of potential investments that could mitigate risks from terrorism and other threats to the homeland. Decisionmakers demand models, analyses, and decision support that are useful for this task and based on the state of the art. Since terrorism risk analysis is new, no single method is likely to meet this challenge. In this article we explore a number of existing and potential approaches for terrorism risk analysis, focusing particularly on recent discussions regarding the applicability of probabilistic and decision analytic approaches to bioterrorism risks and the Bioterrorism Risk Assessment methodology used by the DHS and criticized by the National Academies and others.     

风险管理的基本技术和负险报酬

本文把风险管理的基本技术概括为分散化和对冲两种,并认为其它的风险管理方法其实是这两种方法派生的.在这两种风险管理技术的基础上,讨论了风险的报酬问题.     

Foundational Issues in Risk Assessment and Risk Management

This is a perspective article on foundational issues in risk assessment and management. The aim is to discuss the needs, obstacles, and challenges for the establishment of a renewed, strong scientific foundation for risk assessment and risk management suited for the current and future technological challenges. The focus is on (i) reviewing and discussing the present situation and (ii) identifying how to best proceed in the future, to develop the risk discipline in the directions needed. The article provides some reflections on the interpretation and understanding of the concept of “foundations of risk assessment and risk management” and the challenges therein. One main recommendation is that different arenas and moments for discussion are needed to specifically address foundational issues in a way that embraces the many disciplinary communities involved (from social scientists to engineers, from behavioral scientists to statisticians, from health physicists to lawyers, etc.). One such opportunity is sought in the constitution of a novel specialty group of the Society of Risk Analysis.     

Foundational Issues in Risk Assessment and Risk Management

In spite of the maturity reached by many of the methods used in risk assessment and risk management, broad consensus has not been established on fundamental concepts and principles. The risk fields still suffer from a lack of clarity on many key scientific pillars. The purpose of this article is to point to this situation and through some illustrating examples discuss the challenges that the fields here face. Moreover, the purpose of the article is to reflect on how to improve the present situation and enhance the risk fields. We argue that the establishment of some common scientific pillars as well as a strong and continuous research focus on foundational issues are critical success factors. The article specifically addresses the role of the peer‐reviewed journals and the international standards in the fields. We hope that the article can contribute to a revitalization of the discussion of foundational issues in risk assessment and risk management.     

Risk Perception and Risk Talk: The Case of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Radiation Risk

Individuals’ perceptions and their interpersonal communication about a risk event, or risk talk, can play a significant role in the formation of societal responses to the risk event. As they formulate their risk opinions and speak to others, risk information can circulate through their social networks and contribute to the construction of their risk information environment. In the present study, Japanese citizens’ risk perception and risk talk were examined in the context of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear radiation risk. We hypothesized and found that the risk information environment and risk literacy (i.e., competencies to understand and use risk information) interact to influence their risk perception and risk talk. In particular, risk literacy tends to stabilize people's risk perceptions and their risk communications. Nevertheless, there were some subtle differences between risk perception and communication, suggesting the importance of further examination of interpersonal risk communication and its role in the societal responses to risk events.     

The Dynamics of Risk Perception: How Does Perceived Risk Respond to Risk Events?

This paper examines the relationship between perceived risk and experience. This research addresses the processes by which people learn about risk and choose among real life prospects with associated uncertainties, risks and benefits. By comparing the impact of acute risk events with that of chronic risk events on public perception of risk during and after the events, this research focuses on the learning processes that characterize what kinds of risk events alter the perception of risk. Comparing materialized hazards at existing facilities with the risks associated with potential facilities, this research addresses risk choices among real life prospects. This study uses a classic pre-post quasi-experimental design. Surveys conducted in the Spring of 1992 on perceived and acceptable risk in Odessa and La Porte, Texas were conducted prior to risk events. Respondents from that survey were re-interviewed in the Spring of 1993 after the risk events to form a panel design. This paper analyzes the affect of risk events on perceived risk and the implications of these experiences for public policy concerning technological risk. The empirical results suggest that the social processes that construct and maintain risk in the public eye are at least as important as, if not more important than, the physical and psychological dimensions of risk.