季节性候鸟老人自评健康影响因素的实证分析——以海南省为例

利用2015年海南省候鸟人群抽样调查数据,采用二元Logistic回归的分析方法,尝试筛选与确定海南省季节性候鸟老人的自评健康状况及其影响因素.进一步的回归分析结果显示,年龄和收入等人口学因素,客观病史、居住地温度带的变化、物价水平上升带来的压力、来自家人和迁入地居民的社会支持等因素,对候鸟老人自评健康状况存在着显著影响.     

收入、健康、社会公平感与居民主观幸福感——一个区域差异分析视角

本文运用CGSS2015年的数据,对东部地区、中部地区和西部地区的居民主观幸福感进行比较分析,并从收入不平等、健康和社会公平感等角度探讨了影响居民主观幸福感的因素及其区域差异。实证结果发现:东部地区居民的主观幸福感水平高于中部和西部地区;绝对收入差异对东部和中部地区的居民主观幸福感具有显著影响,对西部地区居民主观幸福感没有显著影响;相对收入对居民主观幸福感的影响具有一定的区域差异性;无论是东部地区还是中部和西部地区,健康自评程度越高,居民的主观幸福感越强,社会公平感知越高,居民的主观幸福感越强;居民主观幸福感在性别、年龄、婚姻和教育上的差异具有区域不平衡的特征。     

连片特困地区儿童抑郁障碍识别信效度研究 ——基于世界卫生组织五项身心健康指标(WHO-5)分析

考察世界卫生组织五项身心健康指标(World Health Organization Five-item Well-Being Index,WHO-5)在识别连片特困地区儿童抑郁障碍中的信度和效度。用WHO-5对湖北省连片特困地区两个县5所小学、4所初中和3所高中的727名学生施测,随机各取一半样本分别进行探索性和验证性因素分析判定其结构效度;同时以儿童焦虑、社会适应不良和心理弹性作为外在效标,判定其效标效度;计算其内部一致性信度。结果发现:WHO-5单因子结构获得验证;内部一致性信度系数为0.71;WHO-5与儿童焦虑、社会适应不良、心理弹性均呈现显著相关,效标效度得到验证。结果表明:WHO-5具有较好的内部一致性,良好的效度;适用于对连片特困地区儿童抑郁障碍的识别。连片特困地区留守儿童面临严峻的抑郁风险。     

灾后重建中的资源再分配与健康不平等:基于三期汶川地震重建调查

基于2008年至2011年间三期汶川灾区调查数据,本文假定应急救灾、恢复重建和重建结束三个阶段政府的再分配能力存在差异,进而分析这一时段不同职业和教育群体之间的健康差异变化情况。研究发现,首先,在自评健康上,2011年呈现显著的教育梯度,而2008和2009年则无显著的教育差异。其次,在心理健康上,2011年存在显著的教育梯度,2009年存在较弱的教育梯度,2008年未呈现系统性教育梯度。第三,在自评和心理健康上各年份均未呈现系统性的职业阶层梯度。第四,稳健性比较分析表明灾区健康差异模式存在独特性。本文认为,在应急救灾阶段政府再分配能力骤增,提升了弱势阶层的医疗资源可及性,进而降低了阶层健康不平等。但该模式不具有可持续性,一旦重建结束、外部资源减少,不平等会回到常态社会水平。     

收入不平等与个体健康——基于2005年中国综合社会调查的实证分析

文章利用2005年中国综合社会调查（CGSS2005）数据与县级社会统计资料,通过拟合多层Logistic回归模型,分析了地区收入不平等程度对个体健康状况的影响,系统检验了绝对收入理论和收入不平等理论。结果表明,即使在控制了个体收入对健康的凹陷效应之后,县级收入不平等程度仍对个体自评健康具有显著的负面影响。对收入不平等影响健康的作用机制的进一步分析表明,社会心理机制仅能部分解释不平等对健康的负面效应,而新唯物主义机制未能得到经验支持。     

民营企业家政治参与的效度分析——基于政策网络视角的研究

民营企业家政治参与的效度,就是其在政治参与过程中对政府公共政策影响的有效性程度。内容效度、方式效度和结构效度构成民营企业家政治参与效度的主要内容。传统的对政治参与问题的研究,存在着宏观的制度研究和微观的行为研究两条路径。政策网络分析作为中观视角,开辟了政治参与问题研究的新路径。从政策网络视角研究民营企业家政治参与的效度问题,政策网络的集成程度是决定其效度的核心因素。网络学习机制是提升政策网络集成程度,进而提高民营企业家政治参与效度的内在机制。网络学习是行为学习、价值学习和规范学习的统一。网络学习是一个由顺应到认同、再到内化的过程。随着网络学习的深化,民营企业家政治参与的效度也不断提高。     

论脂评的骂世精神和醒世苦心

人情小说是中国古代小说中的重要流派,《红楼梦》代表了人情小说的最高成就,因此脂评的骂世、醒世主要围绕人情世态借题发挥。脂评发扬了前人借评点小说伤时骂世的批判精神,从多方面对人性的弱点、丑恶的社会现象,给予嘲讽和鞭挞;同时,作者又怀着救世的良苦用心,结合自己的亲身体验,告诫世人应该弃恶从善。     

以劳动价值论为基础的劳动市场和产品市场的一般均衡

根据马克思的劳动价值论,在完全竞争的假定条件下,按照剩余价值最大化的要求,可以建立一个既包括劳动市场又包括产品市场的双市场一般均衡模型.分析的秩序是:首先根据劳动价值论分别推导劳动市场和产品市场模型,说明均衡的劳动力价值和均衡的产品价值的决定,然后把两个市场综合起来推导一般均衡模型,说明一般均衡的劳动力价值和一般均衡的产品价值的决定,最后在一般均衡模型的基础上讨论一般均衡的变化和实现过程.     

The Effect of Different Cultural Lenses on Reliability and Validity in Observational Data: The Example of Chinese Immigrant Parent–Toddler Dinner Interactions

This study used a mixed methodology to investigate reliability, validity, and analysis level with Chinese immigrant observational data. European‐American and Chinese coders quantitatively rated 755 minutes of Chinese immigrant parent–toddler dinner interactions on parental sensitivity, intrusiveness, detachment, negative affect, positive affect, and parents' confidence. They also gave qualitative coding rationales for their quantitative ratings. Analysis of quantitative ratings indicated systematic differences associated with coder ethnicity. Such differences could threaten the reliability between coders with different ethnicities. Analysis of qualitative rationales revealed different cultural links between concepts and behavior cues, which could challenge the cross‐cultural validity of a macro‐level coding system. When a coding system is incongruous with coders' cultural schemata, even after intensive training, the effect of culture cannot be eliminated. Implications of these findings for observational cultural research are discussed.     

The Role of Internal Health Locus of Control in Relation to Self-Rated Health in Older Adults

ABSTRACT

The present study examined how internal health locus of control is associated with older adults’ self-rated health. Multivariate analyses with older participants (aged ≥ 60) in the MIDUS II (n = 1,533) showed that internal health locus of control was not only directly associated with positive ratings of health but also interacted with gender and race. The positive impact of internal health locus of control on self-rated health was particularly greater in females and Whites than their counterparts. Findings highlight the important role of internal health locus of control in the psychological mechanism of health and call attention to group-specific strategies for health promotion.     

Health and Medical Services Use: A Matched Case Comparison Between CCRC Residents and National Health and Retirement Study Samples

Little is known about the health status of adults living in continuing care retirement communities (CCRC). Using matched-case control, 458 adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) or a CCRC-based sample were compared on total comorbidity, self-rated health, home health services use, and hospitalizations. At year 2, the CCRC sample reported more comorbidities (96%) but significantly better self-rated health (96% good/excellent) than the HRS sample (93% comorbidity, 73% good/excellent; p < .01). There were no significant differences in frequency of home health use or hospitalization. Living in a CCRC appears to be associated with higher self-ratings of health in this sample.     

Social Support and Self-Rated Health of African American Women Informal Caregivers: Urban and Rural Differences

In this study, we examined how geographic location might differently influence social support and self-rated health for rural and urban African American women caregivers. We used cross-sectional data from 253 urban and 263 rural women primary caregivers. Controlling for key demographic factors, we regressed caregivers’ self-rated health on social engagement, structural, and functional aspects of social support for urban and rural caregivers separately. The perception of family functioning was positively associated with urban and rural caregivers’ self-rated health. Urban caregivers reported having significantly more contact with their family and more informal helpers compared to rural caregivers. Furthermore, church attendance, a measure of social engagement, was significant for urban caregivers’ self-rated health, but not rural caregivers. Our findings affirmed the importance of foregrounding context and disaggregating social support, and point to the need for interventions targeting family functioning and paying attention to geographic location.     

Gender Differences in Determinants of Self-Rated Health Among African American in Omaha Nebraska: A Church-Based Study

Abstract

This study assessed the gender differences in determinants of fair/poor self-rated health among African American churchgoers in Omaha, Nebraska. Using data collected from 353 African American (245 women and 108 men) by the Center for Reducing Health Disparities at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in 2017, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to examine the gender differences in the relationships between fair/poor self-rated health and potential health determinants. Overall, 14.3% of women and 17.6% of men reported fair/poor self-rated health. There was a significant association between depression and poor/fair self-rated health among women (p?=?0.044) and men (p?=?0.001). For women, the fully controlled model confirmed the crude association between perceived poor/fair self-rated health and heart disease (OR = 3.10) and education (OR = 2.19). For men, the final model identified significant determinants of perceived fair/poor self-rated health such as depression (OR = 12.51) and diabetes (OR = 3.89). When assessing gender differences in determinants of self-rated health, similarities are higher than differences between the two groups. In both groups, the presence of depression was the strongest determinant of poor health. Future research should assess the immunological aspects of the association between psychological factors and perceived chronic diseases.     

Impact of Childhood Socioeconomic Position on Self‐Rated Health Trajectories of South Korean Adults

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) on adult health trajectory in South Korea. Seven waves of data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS, 2007–2012; Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, 2014 ) were analyzed using latent growth curve analysis. Health condition was measured by self‐assessment. The major independent variables were indicators of childhood and adult SEP. The findings suggest that those who perceive their childhood economic condition to be more affluent are more likely to assess their health to be better at the intercept. The insignificant effect of childhood economic condition on the slope and the quadratic term suggest that the initial gap remains over time. On the other hand, a disruption in education as a result of poverty was significantly associated with the intercept, slope, and quadratic term. The results suggest that although the large gap at wave 1 somewhat decreases, the gap in health remains because of the significant quadratic term. Childhood SEP has a a lasting effect on adult health trajectories, after controlling for adult SEP. Significant findings support policies and programs that are targeted to reduce socioeconomic disparities in childhood to enhance equality and public health.     

The validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the Poverty-Related Quality of Life (PQoL) questionnaire

Measuring poverty in health care settings may help to identify patients living in poverty and also support development of appropriate policies to reduce health inequalities. The objective of this study was to translate the Poverty-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire into Turkish and then test its validity and reliability for a Turkish patient population. The psychometric properties of the scale were examined by collecting data from 300 patients in emergency departments in three randomly selected hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. The results of the study suggest that the Turkish version of the Poverty-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire has satisfactory validity and reliability.