当代中国底层社会“以身抗争”的效度和限度分析:一个“艾滋村民”抗争维权的启示

通过对鄂豫两省艾滋疫情高发区“艾滋村民”抗争的考察,笔者提出了当代中国底层社会抗争的两种社会学逻辑：求助于外的“合法抗争”和求助于内的“以身抗争”,一起形成了当代中国底层社会抗争的具有解释力、却又不同逻辑的社会学分析框架。本文考察了“以身抗争”模式的形成机理和运转规则,发现中国底层农民抗争的“非政治性”、“弱组织性”和“具体利益性”取向,“有组织”的政治抗争乃至革命性转化是不太可能的。     

Gender Identity Disorder,the Gender Binary,and Transgender Oppression: Implications for Ethical Social Work

This article argues that social workers are ethically obligated to serve as allies of transgender and gender-nonconforming communities and, thus, should critically examine the diagnosis of gender identity disorder and the oppression inherent in pathologizing gender nonconformity. Social workers should also consider the oppression inherent in the socially constructed gender binary that is the root of the perceived psychosis in gender nonconformance and should fight against this oppression and, therefore, against that binary. This article proposes several action steps that social workers can take to advocate for the transgender and gender-nonconforming communities.     

The Effect of Gender Context on Children's Social Behavior in a Limited Resource Situation: An Observational Study

Knowing when to compete and when to cooperate to maximize opportunities for equal access to activities and materials in groups is critical to children's social and cognitive development. The present study examined the individual (gender, social competence) and contextual factors (gender context) that may determine why some children are more successful than others. One hundred and fifty‐six children (M age=6.5 years) were divided into 39 groups of four and videotaped while engaged in a task that required them to cooperate in order to view cartoons. Children within all groups were unfamiliar to one another. Groups varied in gender composition (all girls, all boys, or mixed‐sex) and social competence (high vs. low). Group composition by gender interaction effects were found. Girls were most successful at gaining viewing time in same‐sex groups, and least successful in mixed‐sex groups. Conversely, boys were least successful in same‐sex groups and most successful in mixed‐sex groups. Similar results were also found at the group level of analysis; however, the way in which the resources were distributed differed as a function of group type. Same‐sex girl groups were inequitable but efficient whereas same‐sex boy groups were more equitable than mixed groups but inefficient compared to same‐sex girl groups. Social competence did not influence children's behavior. The findings from the present study highlight the effect of gender context on cooperation and competition and the relevance of adopting an unfamiliar peer paradigm when investigating children's social behavior.     

保卫粤剧名街 拯救西关文化——论广州恩宁路骑楼历史街区的复兴规划

针对以粤剧文化为标志的广州恩宁路骑楼历史街区,大拆大建的行为与保护复兴的呼声,进行了6年博弈。面对即将到来的破土施工阶段,名城理论、规划原理、保护法则似乎显得软弱无力。许多其言也哀的文章,能否唤醒良知,取得哀兵可胜的结果?     

Human Rights and Gypsies and Travellers: An Exploration of the Application of a Human Rights Perspective to Social Work with a Minority Community in Britain

This paper explores the relationship between human rights socialwork and issues facing Gypsies and Travellers, and argues thatwork with these groups cannot be properly understood outsidea human rights framework. It outlines different generationsof rights, key current debates, and their significance for socialwork, building on other emancipatory frameworks for practiceincluding anti-oppressive practice, structural social work andcritical postmodernism. These perspectives find some expressionin social work ethical codes. For Gypsies and Travellers, humanrights violations occur in many socio-political contexts, causingcycles of exclusion and disadvantage. However, Gypsies and Travellersare increasingly mobilizing nationally and locally to promotetheir rights. The somewhat limited research on social work inthis area concurs in finding distance between the parties, lackof cultural understanding and engagement, and problematic practiceas well as some clear pointers for improvement. Policy developmentscontradictorily related to promoting rights and increasing disciplinarysurveillance are examined for their relevance to work with thisgroup. The paper explores the importance of an inclusive, participatoryand discursive approach to human rights practice, and examinesits significance for a paradigmatic shift linking social workwith the broader struggle for human rights of Gypsy Travellersand other groups.     

网络艺术传播中的社会行为

网络艺术作品的生产过程具有复合性、欣赏性、协作性和多样性的特征;网络艺术的传播具有信息流通的双向性、视听符号的统一性、现实世界与虚拟世界的交互性、传播广度的宽泛性、传播者的自控性以及传播者与受众共享性的特征。因此,无论是生产还是消费,网络艺术的传播行为都呈现出社会化的互动过程。网络艺术传播正是在这样一个双向选择与互动中得到不断深化与发展。     

农民维权的行为困境与路径抉择

农民权益屡遭挑战,农民上访总量逐年增长。在农民各类上访中,土地已成为农民维权抗争的焦点。在农民维权过程中,行动曲折的原因有二：其一,内在原因为农民法律意识淡薄与权利意识增强之间的张力;其二,外在原因为政府的唯利性,尤其是官商之间的利益同盟。因此,成立农民维权组织已成为现实形势。     

"为艺术而艺术":一场审美现代性的扩容运动

“为艺术而艺术”观念在发展流变过程中表现出了审美现代性的努力方向和内在矛盾性。它首先是在艺术自律过程中出现的,具有艺术的独立性精神和否定立场;其次它是在反抗资产阶级日常生活中提出来的,其对应面是为艺术而生活,因此体现为一种艺术的实践方式;最后,它才是一种形式主义的审美观念。在日常生活审美化的当下语境里,重提“为艺术而艺术”具有深刻的现实意义。     

独立与权利：中美女性主义运动与性别平等观念比较研究

本文利用“世界价值观调查”的数据比较了20世纪末中美两国性别平等观念的差异后发现,两国性别平等观念的差异并不表现为平等化程度的高低,而是观念模式的不同,中国社会的分工平等意识强于美国,但权利平等意识弱于美国。本文认为,20世纪中后期的女性主义运动以性别平等为目标,对人们的性别平等观念有重要影响。中美性别平等观念模式的差异与两国女性主义运动所提出的共识框架不同有关。在此基础上,本文进一步比较了二者在动员机制上的差异及其对性别平等观念形成的影响。结果发现,那些在美国能够影响性别平等观念形成的微观机制在中国却难以发挥作用,这是因为,中国妇女解放运动能够借助于国家社会主义体制,将性别平等观念渗透到整个社会,而美国女权运动的动员却没有这样的优势,人们因此有较多的选择空间。     

Welfare Rights Advocacy in a Specialist Health and Social Care Setting: A Service Audit

Is a specialized welfare rights service, thought important insocial services departments, a valid element of social careservices in multi-professional settings in which social workis increasingly incorporated, where social workers often helpservice users with benefits? An audit of a specialized welfarerights advocacy service, part of social work provision in alarge UK hospice, demonstrated inconsistent referral by nursingstaff, the main referrers, a large workload including frequentcomplex cases and achievement of benefits and grants for patients,carers and families substantially in excess of the cost of theservice. Annual workload for a forty-eight-bed hospice with1,600 home care patients was estimated at 976 typical caseswith nearly 2,928 contacts; about sixty complex cases annuallygenerated a similar workload in themselves. Provision of specializedwelfare benefits advocacy for palliative care patients is foundlikely to meet a substantial need and to require specialistprovision. This may be true of other multi-professional servicesincorporating social workers.     

走向法庭还是走上街头：超越维权困境的一条行动路径

制度外抗争与制度内法律维权有着显著不同的结果和制度逻辑。现有文献中的“依法抗争”或“以法抗争”可以通过制度外或者制度边缘的集体行动获得政府及时的反应,但却有着多重困境：机会困境、风险困境、组织困境、制度困境。制度内法律维权可以很大程度上破解这些困境,但也有着该模式下独特的结果困境：费时费力而又缺乏即时直接的回报困扰或者阻碍制度内法律维权者去为了获得长期的有益于整个群体的普遍性制度化后果采取行动。但本研究中的业主维权行动在一定程度上破解了这一困境。他们的制度内维权行动让法律在实践中最大可能地运转了起来,从而超越了传统维权的困境。独特的政治机会结构和制度内维权本身所具有的特征,促进一些群体走向法庭,而非走上街头。