审美物化论

"物化"是中国美学中一个渊源有自又有深厚的中国哲学背景的范畴,对于中华民族的艺术创作和理论都有深刻的影响。"物化"与西方美学中的"移情"说有接近之处,却又有其不同的美学内涵;与中国美学中的"感物"、"感兴"等范畴有密切联系,但又并不等同。"物化"是指主体进入审美体验和审美创造的高峰时,在感觉和意识中与客体完全融合为一、无法分辨物我关系的至高境界。在中华传统艺术领域中,"物化"是诗词书法艺术家审美体验中物我两忘、而将主体的灵性和对象的物性化而为一的极致之境。     

中西审美客体比较

中西美学在审美客体上存在着巨大的差异,中国儒家美学主张天人合一,肯定人与自然、个体与社会的统一,力求从这种统一中去寻求美,也就是说,在中国美学中,审美客体决不是纯粹的自然,它应该是内容(伦理道德)与感性形式(自然形式)的统一;在西方美学中,审美客体更多的指向自然世界,更多地注重外在的感性形式,即便是指向人,也主要是指向人的外在感性形体,而不关乎伦理道德层面,是一种纯粹客观的美学。     

"万物并作"与"天人合一":先秦生态美学思想及启示

中国先秦时期有很多实用化的美学实践和关学主张,以"万物并作"与"天人合一"为核心的生态美学是其中典型的代表.生态美学表达了人类对生存环境问题的深刻关注."万物并作"主要揭示自然万物相互联系、相互依赖的关系,而且这种关系在动态平衡中实现依生、竟生、共生的生态循环;"天人合一"则要求人的行为应与天地自然保持和谐统一.先秦生态美学思想时社会群体和社会个体都具有明确的美育功能.研究先秦美学家的生态美学思想对于今天的美学研究以及美育的发展具有重要的启示意义.     

六朝山水画理论与"形似"文风之关联

"形似"是六朝文学领域一个醒目的命题,但后人对它的意义和价值一直众说纷纭.事实上,"形似"代表着六朝人对自然山水的审美思考,这种思考不仅体现在山水诗中,亦体现在山水画的创作与理论中.将山水画与山水诗相关理论对比研究发现:六朝士人一方面把"神韵"作为山水审美的最终目的,另一方面却要借助形象描摹来完成神韵的传达.这种"形"与"神"的关系最终发展为中国古代"形神兼备"的观念,而存在于六朝画风与文风中的"形似"则是这个发展过程中不可或缺的一环.     

论梁启超"力"与"移人"范畴的内涵与意义

"力"与"移人"是梁启超美学思想中的两个重要范畴."力"是指审美对象的多种要素综合转化而来的感染力;"移人"是指审美对象借助力来感染并引发审美主体心灵境界整体变化的过程及结果."力"与"移人"的范畴是梁启超在中西文化渊源基础上的整合新创.它们确立了将艺术审美与主体心理相联系的基本视点,触及了美影响改造主体的方法特征问题,并就美对人生与社会的介入提出了自己的答案.     

比较美学:二十一世纪美学研究的主旋律

由世界经济、文化发展的大趋势和国际审美文化交往的需要所决定,２１世纪将是比较美学大力发展和成熟的时期,应当重视比较美学,特别是中西比较美学的研究。中西美学理论建构的原点不同,中国美学的建构原点是人与物（自然）的审美关系,西方美学的建构原点是人与人（社会）的审美关系,所以从根本上说,中西美学是两种不同思想文化体系的美学。中国传统美学是经验美学、伦理美学和社会美学,西方传统美学则是理性美学、宗教美学和心理美学;而不同的美学理论必然导致中西方在审美的方式、心理和理想上存在种种差异。只有通过比较研究,才能充分认识并总结出中西审美认识的规律,使人类求真、向善、爱美的本质力量得到全面的确证和升华     

艺道合一:中国美学品格的现代建构——叶维廉阐释道家自然论的历史语境

自王国维以来,宗白华、徐复观、唐君毅、刘若愚等现代学者往往赋予中国美学以非形而上的意义.海外华人诗学家叶维廉对道家美学自然品格的彰显正处于这样一个历史语境--在与西方形而上学传统的对比中突出中国美学的精神实质和人文价值,因而道家的自然论成为了最为恰适的表述.形而上理论作为西方古典哲学的典型,它为发掘中国美学"艺道合一"的美学精神和现代价值提供了一个有益的视角.但将中国美学的异质性普遍化,则容易忽视中西哲学和文学本身的历史脉络而陷入悖论处境.     

论中国古代文论中的“神”

本文从人的主观能动作用的发挥和人的本质力量的对象化两方面,探讨古代哲学和文学理论中“神”的意义。哲学中的“神”有主体,客体之分,客体之神为“自然之道”,主体之神是人之志、气、性、情、欲的综合体。哲学之“神”首先被引入绘画理论,接着由刘勰引入文学理论,强调主体之神在文学创作中的作用。自唐以后,文学艺术的审美注意凝聚于客体,主体之神由“意境”、“象外”向客体转移,从“诗而入神”实现主体之神对象化,这就是主、客体“神遇而迹化”,创造出中国古典美学中最高的审美境界。     

论阿多诺的审美主体观与主体间性问题

阿多诺的审美主体观是对工业文明所造成的严重异化社会现实的积极回应,这种审美主体观有着自身特定的美学内涵：1．诉求审美主体的批判否定功能;2．强调中介,自明审美主体的功能限度;3．偏重审美生产主体。阿多诺的审美主体观念提醒我们：当代美学建构不能迷恋“主体性关学”、“现象学本体论”或“主体间性关学”,尽管这种审美主体观仍是一种语言本身的虚构,它提供的只是抽象的主体,但它带给我们的理论想象是不能漠视的。     

中国山水画论如何回应“如其本然地欣赏自然”命题

当代环境美学一直高度关注对自然的审美欣赏问题。齐藤百合子的《如其本然地欣赏自然》一文旨在引导人们欣赏自然的本然面目,即真实的自然或自然本身。虽然她对艾伦·卡尔森的自然审美理论有所改进,但其研究范围仍然囿于科学认知主义,依然没有完全回答如何"如其本然地欣赏自然"这个核心问题。中国山水画美学包含着一套比较系统的自然审美思想,诸如"真"的本体论根源(生生本体论)、"体真"的途径(澄怀味象)、"写真"的方法(以一管之笔,拟太虚之体)。由此可见,中国自然审美思想可以从一个侧面比较全面地回答"如其本然地欣赏自然"问题,对当代环境美学构建的意义与价值是显而易见的。     

Race,Color, Ethnicity,and Class

The issues of race, color, ethnicity, and class present many challenges for goup workers leading adolescent counseling groups in culturally muted urban areas. These issues are examined in detail in the context of a school-based group work program for middle school teenagers. The role of the group leader in working with this population is discussed, and guidelines are offered for developing biculturalism in group members and for addressing race, color, ethnicity, and class as they arise in bicultural group processes.     

Gender,work, and childcare in Kazakhstan,Mongolia, and Russia

The current study seeks to understand the nature of gender relations within a post‐Soviet welfare model in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. On the basis of the analysis of key labour market indicators, parental leave, and childcare policies, it finds that the welfare models in the three countries are hybrid, and neither authoritarianism in Kazakhstan and Russia nor democracy in Mongolia lead to substantive gender equality outcomes. Persistent gender inequality in these countries is underpinned by the neo‐liberal approach to welfare provision, conservative social norms, and limited agency of civil society to influence the policy agenda. Nonetheless, these states have distributed to the population with an emphasis on working mothers, and this policy choice has been driven by economic, demographic, and political considerations, which ultimately serve to support, rather than transform, the patriarchal power structure in these societies.     

Civilization,Culture, Technology,and the Market

The largest, the cruelest empire in the history of mankind is rapidly disintegrating. But we must not be deluded. The ruins of great empires do not yet mean the emergence of a new, happier, and wiser society. The empire has not yet disintegrated entirely. But even when it does, this will not mean that the people inhabiting one-sixth of the earth's surface will live better, that life will become happy, and that our countrymen will be freer, richer, healthier, better educated, and more humane. Even the cessation of the activity of the CPSU does not mean that the destructive force of lawlessness, militarism, the suppression of human dignity, stagnation, conservatism, the terrible discomfort of everyday life, unprecedented exploitation, general incompetence, parasitism, and technological backwardness is a museum relic forever consigned to the past.     

Opportunity,outlook and coping in poor,urban, African American,late-age,female adolescent contraceptors

This article explored the concepts of resilience, equal opportunity, and coping within a person-process-context model among urban Black adolescents in the US. Data were obtained from narrative accounts and interviews among 20 pregnant and 16 nonpregnant Black female adolescents aged 17 and 19 years. Respondents were recruited from prenatal and family planning clinics of a large metropolitan hospital and were representative of a low-income community with many female household heads and at-risk behaviors. The instruments included a 24-item structured interview of demographic data, and the 56 item semi-structured Pregnancy Adulthood Negotiation of Status Interview (PANSI). The interview elicited responses based on concrete experience, dialogue for assessing knowledge, and an ethic of caring and personal accountability. Contextual analysis revealed seven themes: adulthood preparation, role model formulation, decision-making, protective sensibility, sex and gender role commitment, opportunity mobility, and mate selection. All females shared similar demographics. Most resided in female-headed households and were high school graduates. The subsample differed in behaviors and attitudes on church affiliation, college attendance, registered voter status, sense of care and protection of self and others, self expectancies of social mobility, dating, and mate selection. Nonpregnant females were more likely to have part-time work experience and have mothers with post-high school achievement. Low-income nonpregnant adolescents were effective contraceptors and had social mobility aspirations. Narratives suggest that nonpregnant adolescents had an inner strength and belief, and commitment to advancement of career and vocational goals. The affiliations acted as social supports. These women used skillful coping mechanisms. Clinical social workers should reinforce resilience and work values.