美国撤军和阿富汗总统大选后的重建问题

多国部队从阿富汗撤出与新总统就职后,阿富汗局势复杂性从两个方面凸显出来：一方面阿富汗面临着安全局势恶化的可能性。军阀战争重启、塔利班卷土重来等可能性是国际社会担忧的安全核心问题;阿富汗大选已尘埃落定,新总统已经就职,但各派政治力量之间的竞争在这次选举后不会平息,旧有的民族、部族、地域矛盾依然存在,滞后的经济和社会发展状况不可能在短期内解决,这是国际社会担忧的阿富汗政治与社会的结构性问题。另一方面,这种情况并不是绝对的。因为,多国部队在撤出后的战略部署以及阿富汗自身安全力量的建设都影响着阿富汗未来的前途。例如,无人机战术的使用在很大程度上压制了各派反政府武装的攻势。阿富汗＂天下大乱＂的可能性不大,但局部不稳定却是非常可能的。     

Revisiting the biological perspective in the use of biopsychosocial assessments in social work

ABSTRACT

The call for increased attention to the biopsychosocial perspective in social work practice is now decades old in the USA. And yet the challenge of teaching and learning from this perspective for those with limited background in biology calls for more inter-disciplinary examples to assist students with the process of engaging in theory-informed practice. In addition to identifying the key elements of human biology, this review of the literature focuses on four examples of client behaviors that receive little or no attention in most current textbooks on the inter-disciplinary nature of human behavior in the social environment; namely, the psychobiology of sleep, the sociobiology of eating, the neurobiology of post-partum depression, and the behavioral endocrinology of menopause. This review concludes with implications for practice.     

The changing meanings of religion. Sociological theories of religion in the perspective of the last 100 years

The main aim of the article is discussion of the conceptual framework for defining religion from a sociological perspective. One of the possible orderings of its development is showing historical periods and conceptual streams. As far as history is concerned the author distinguishes three periods: classical, post-classical and contemporary, showing dominant themes and ways of approaching religion in each of them. An alternative way of ordering is proposed in the second part of the article based on the source of religious change identified as the crucial point by sociologists working on theories of religion. There are three perspectives in identifying religious change: giving priority to individuals, to social systems and to religion itself. Every perspective has some outcomes for understanding the place of religion in social and individual life. The last part of the article is devoted to presenting the impact of religious conceptions on interpretational disputes between sociologists of religion.     

上海世博理念、世博精神和世博经验探讨

中国2010年上海世博会是全球经济、科技和文化成果集中展示的一次盛会,形成了独特的上海世博理念、世博精神和世博经验。上海世博理念不仅传承世界博览会“理解、沟通、欢聚、合作”的基本理念,而且凸显了当今世界的发展趋势、时代诉求和历史使命,将成为引领未来世界城市发展的思想源泉。上海世博精神汇聚全国人民踊跃办博的精神风貌和世界人民热情参与的高尚情怀,展现了中国诚待世界的核心价值和世界信任中国的共同价值。上海世博经验是在世博会申办、筹办和举办的过程中所形成的制度、机制以及所创造具有特色的办法、技巧和心得,并在办博实践中不断应用、不断完善的知识体系。     

Sociocultural and epidemiological issues in the assessment of domestic violence

This paper presents alternative models for the integration of multicultural issues in research on domestic violence. Issues are discussed that illustrate ethnic specific strengths, concerns, and weaknesses of ethnic families and communities. These issues need to be incorporated in future research that more thoroughly examines ethnic and cultural issues in violence research. Alternative strategies for future research are also suggested which call for the incorporation of ethnic and cultural issues on an ongoing basis, so that commonalities across studies can emerge and we can begin to understand the cultural context of domestic violence.     

Predictors of Substance Use and Mental Health of Children of Divorce

Abstract

This short-term longitudinal study examined psycho-social influences on substance use and mental health among children of divorced parents. The sample consisted of ethnically diverse fifth and sixth grade students, and compared children of divorced parents (CODPs; N = 176), who were an average of four years post-divorce, with children of married parents (COMPs; N = 213) who had never divorced. CODPs reported more life stress, less problem-focused coping, and more substance-using friends and family members than COMPs. Further, these variables were significantly related to CODPs' greater reported substance use, aggressive behavior, and depression than COMPs cross-sectionally, and longitudinally, four months later. The results suggest the importance of including both substance use and mental health outcomes in preventive interventions for CODPs.     

How to Sociologically Read a Movie

Movies embody cultural values; those of class, gender, ethnicity, region, and nation come immediately to mind. They also reflect deeper civilizational assumptions such as Enlightenment values of moral redemption through human agency toward social progress that will be examined here by comparing the movies Avatar (2009) and District 9 (2009). The methodology is to identify backstage cultural assumptions that have to be assumed to make sense out of frontstage plot development. The idea of “species jumping” is introduced to illustrate the deteriorating idea that distinctly human agency is capable of producing a better social world and attaining secular moral redemption as the protagonists in both films reincarnate into alien species.     

Some first steps in the search for 'hidden' Communities of Practice within electronic networks

Abstract

This article examines the problem of how to discover hidden Communities of Practice (CoPs) inside electronic networks and whether it is possible to nurture them into fully fledged Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoPs). It discusses the characteristics of hidden communities and the relationship between virtual communities, Distributed Communities of Practice (DCoPs) and VCoPs. It then examines some of the methods that might be used to search for hidden CoPs and the ways by which these might be transformed into full VCoPs. Finally, the article presents some findings from two early studies conducted in the Higher Education Academy Psychology Network in the United Kingdom.     

Reasons for Divorce:

A 27-item checklist of reasons for divorce was administered to 437 men and women divorcing in the mid-1980's. Factor analysis revealed nine dimensions underlying the checklist responses. The most frequently cited factors were unmet emotional needs/growing apart, lifestyle differences or boredom with the marriage, and high conflict, demeaning relationships. Statistically significant sex, age and socio-economic differences were found. Correlates between the factors and individual psychological functioning, parental functioning, and the emotional ambiance of the divorce reflected considerable diversity among the divorcing population and have implications for legal and mental health practice.     

Adult Children of Same-Sex and Heterosexual Couples: Demographic “Thriving”

ABSTRACT

Prior research comparing children of same-sex and heterosexual couples is limited by methodological issues such as not including male same-sex couples and not using appropriate comparison groups of heterosexual parents. The current study addresses these limitations by examining differences in demographic characteristics between adult children of female same-sex couples, male same-sex couples, and heterosexual couples (recruited from siblings), using data reported by adult children's parents drawn from a matched longitudinal cohort. Demographic variables include employment, education, religion, and familial status. Results reveal few differences between adult children of same-sex couples and those of heterosexual couples, and no differences between children of female-female couples and male-male couples.     

Spectral goodness of fit for network models

We introduce a new statistic, ‘spectral goodness of fit’ (SGOF) to measure how well a network model explains the structure of the pattern of ties in an observed network. SGOF provides a measure of fit analogous to the standard R² in linear regression. Additionally, as it takes advantage of the properties of the spectrum of the graph Laplacian, it is suitable for comparing network models of diverse functional forms, including both fitted statistical models and algorithmic generative models of networks. After introducing, defining, and providing guidance for interpreting SGOF, we illustrate the properties of the statistic with a number of examples and comparisons to existing techniques. We show that such a spectral approach to assessing model fit fills gaps left by earlier methods and can be widely applied.     

马尔库塞生态批判思想及其当代价值

马尔库塞的生态批判思想具有鲜明的时代特色。马尔库塞针对资本主义国家为了追逐利润而过度剥削自然所提出的资本主义生态批判思想,在某种程度上还具有一定的局限性,但其中一些观点对当前在我国重新审视人与自然的关系,更好地进行生态文明建设仍具有一些启发,值得我们去借鉴。     

清真寺文化与穆斯林核心价值观之形成

清真寺文化涉及生活的诸多方面,不仅促进了穆斯林核心价值观的良性发展,还为和谐社会的发展奠定了一定的基础。这种兼顾精神与物质建设的穆斯林核心价值观,具有丰富的内涵和深远的现实意义。     

国资委履行出资人职责模式研究

当前，促进国有资产证券化、增强国有资产流动性是国资运营的主要目标。上海国资国企改革“十二五”规划明确要求，到“十二五”期末90％以上产业集团实现整体上市或核心资产上市。通过重点探索国资委持股上市公司的有效模式，以合理确定其职责、分析其面临的风险，进而从法律层面寻求相应的解决方案。研究表明，国资委直接持股、集团公司持股、平台公司持股等国资委履行出资人职责的三种模式各有利弊，国资委在具体选择时需要考虑企业的规模、市场化程度、国资委自身改革的进度等各种因素，进而选择最适当的模式。     

1992-2012：青年发展轨迹研究

改革开放之后的中国社会进入平稳发展阶段，集中力量办大事更多的是存在于国家层面特定目标的行政动员和资源配置。在这样的情况下。青年的群体发展状态是否还可以用“运动”来概括需要作进一步探讨。青年群体发展状态是社会发展状态的组成部分，分析青年发展状态其实质是要得出对于社会状态的判断。以国家导向规定青年运动的方向和结构有利于青年群体与社会的强力整合，社会因此而提高其现实发展目标的效率。存在的问题则在于。青年群体的权利诉求易于被湮灭在“高度角色化”和“被神圣化”之中。     

Measuring autonomy freedom

In the measurement of autonomy freedom, the admissible potential preference relations are elicited by means of the concept of ‘reasonableness’. In this paper we argue for an alternative criterion based on information about the decision maker’s ‘awareness’ of his available opportunities. We argue that such an interpretation of autonomy fares better than that based on reasonableness. We then introduce some axioms that capture this intuition and study their logical implications. In the process, a new measure of autonomy freedom is characterized, which generalizes some of the measures so far constructed in the literature.We thank Martin van Hees, Robert Sugden, Prasanta Pattanaik, the participants at workshops at the CPNSS, London School of Economics, and at the University of Caen and an anonymous referee for their suggestions. The support of the CPNSS is gratefully acknowledged. This paper is part of a research project on “The Analysis and Measurement of Freedom” funded by the Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca (Italy). Its financial support is gratefully acknowledged.     

1992-2012： Chinese Youth＇s Development Track

改革开放之后的中国社会进入平稳发展阶段,集中力量办大事更多的是存在于国家层面特定目标的行政动员和资源配置。在这样的情况下。青年的群体发展状态是否还可以用“运动”来概括需要作进一步探讨。青年群体发展状态是社会发展状态的组成部分,分析青年发展状态其实质是要得出对于社会状态的判断。以国家导向规定青年运动的方向和结构有利于青年群体与社会的强力整合,社会因此而提高其现实发展目标的效率。存在的问题则在于。青年群体的权利诉求易于被湮灭在“高度角色化”和“被神圣化”之中。     

新形势下全面推进城市建设管理体制改革

我国社会经济的快速向前发展,给城市建设管理带来了巨大的压力,老旧的城市建设管理制度也愈发难满足社会经济继续快速稳定发展的需要,亟需改革。十八届三中全会之后,我国将进入全面深化改革的新阶段,对城市建设的市场化、协调机制和监管机制等方面的全面深化改革,也势在必行。     

Beyond deference and demystification in the sociology of science and technology: A reply to Otero

A response to Otero's criticism of the thesis of the nonrevolutionary character of biotechnology is developed within a larger consideration of the relatively small amount of attention high technologies have received within the sociology of science. It is argued that the new sociology of science of the past decade has been a major advance on midcentury functionalist perspectives that took an essentialist, deferential view toward science. The new sociology of science, based on the demystification of science through a relativist view of scientific knowledge production, is nonetheless limited in several respects in its applicability to contemporary issues relating to high technologies. Otero's criticisms are considered in the light of the continuing need for uniting the sociology of science and sociology of technology, and for developing a perspective on science and technology that avoids both uncritical deference and excessive relativization of these forces for social change.     

Attachment Between Former Spouses

This study examines the relationship between attachment of former spouses and parental communication and involvement. Data were collected from one hundred and seventeen divorced persons (46 men and 71 women) with school aged children. Research instruments included a shortened version of Kitson's (1982) attachment scale and Goldsmith's (1980) Co-Parental Communication and Parental Participation scales. Results suggest attachment may not be an adequate predictor in how involved divorced men are with their children. Rather, family boundary ambiguity in divorced families (particularly for males) may contribute to both low parental involvement and co-parental communication.