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1.
This work investigates the robustness of optimal decision rules under a changing size of a decision group where the competence of one member is outstanding while the others possess an identical competence. More specifically, we focus on the expert rule, the almost expert rule and the tie-breaking chairperson rule. We first establish criteria for the optimality of each of these rules and then use it to investigate their robustness. Robustness is an important property of decision rules, especially when cost of adjustment to a new rule is high. Our findings are that the expert rule and the chairperson rule are robust while the almost expert rule is not.
相似文献
Drora KarotkinEmail: |
2.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
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Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
3.
The inverse plurality rule—an axiomatization 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Under the ‘inverse plurality rule’, voters specify only their least preferred alternative. Our first result establishes that
this rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies the minimal veto condition (MV). We then prove that the inverse plurality
rule is characterized by MV and the four well known conditions that characterize scoring rules; namely, Anonymity (A), Neutrality
(N), Reinforcement (RE) and Continuity (CO). Our new characterization result is related to the characterizations of approval
voting and of the widely used plurality rule. We finally show how the axiomatization of the inverse plurality rule can be
extended to the axiomatization of elementary scoring rules (vote for t-alternatives scoring rules).
We are indebted to two anonymous referees for their most useful comments.
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Eyal Baharad (Corresponding author)Email: |
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
4.
Amy A. Quark 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(1):21-40
Since the 1970s, a number of major corporations have located their corporate headquarters in rural and non-metropolitan areas.
I interrogate this phenomenon, based on a case study of Lands’ End, a global apparel firm in Wisconsin. Much research has
exposed how firms insulate themselves from claims made by workers and communities through organizational and spatial distance
(i.e. global sourcing, casualization of employment structures). Corporate headquarters relocation presents a paradox, bringing
key decision-makers in the global economy into new, face-to-face relationships with workers and communities. Negotiated against
a radical transformation of local class structure, I argue that new forms of social regulation are emerging—in particular,
a hybrid version of the Fordist-era company towns.
相似文献
Amy A. QuarkEmail: |
5.
Ion Bogdan Vasi 《Sociological Forum》2006,21(3):439-466
Few researchers have examined how organizational environments and framing processes simultaneously influence the diffusion of organizational practices. This article combines insight from major perspectives on the diffusion of organizational innovations and from social movement studies, and shows that the adoption of a program to address global climate change by U.S. municipalities is shaped by social contagion and organizational linkages, as well as by the actions of change-promoting agents. The findings emphasize the potential as well as the limitation of the strategic efforts on the part of innovation promoters to frame adoption in a way that will appeal to potential adopters.
相似文献
Ion Bogdan VasiEmail: |
6.
Nonprofit Isomorphism: An Australia–United States Comparison 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jeffrey Leiter 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(1):67-91
This paper examines the organizational structures of nonprofit organizations in Australia and the United States. Using random
samples of nonprofits drawn from the two organizational populations, the analysis compares the extent of structural resemblance
or isomorphism in each. It detects similar levels of isomorphism for several structural characteristics. The paper interprets
this finding as reflecting expectations for nonprofit organizations that stretch worldwide.
相似文献
Jeffrey LeiterEmail: |
7.
The paper differentiates between three conceptualizations of organizational networks: as resources, as organizational logic, and as a change mechanism. We integrate and apply these conceptualizations in one of the first comprehensive studies of private business schools in post-socialism. Using case studies, content analysis of websites, and an open-ended survey of administrators, we show how East-West networks helped in establishing a new type of organization at the end of socialism, how schools use networking as a core organizational principle to enhance efficacy and legitimacy, and how their activities help build capitalism from the bottom up by transmitting market-based knowledge to post-socialist economic actors.
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Nina BandeljEmail: |
8.
Lorenz M. Hilty Andreas Köhler Fabian Von Schéele Rainer Zah Thomas Ruddy 《Poiesis & praxis》2006,4(1):19-38
Information technology (IT) is continuously making astounding progress in technical efficiency. The time, space, material
and energy needed to provide a unit of IT service have decreased by three orders of magnitude since the first personal computer
(PC) was sold. However, it seems difficult for society to translate IT’s efficiency progress into progress in terms of individual,
organizational or socio-economic goals. In particular it seems to be difficult for individuals to work more efficiently, for
organizations to be more productive and for the socio-economic system to be more sustainable by using increasingly efficient
IT. This article provides empirical evidence and potential explanations for this problem. Many counterproductive effects of
IT can be explained economically by rebound effects. Beyond that, we conclude that the technological determinism adopted by
decision-makers is the main obstacle in translating IT’s progress into non-technical goals.
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Lorenz M. HiltyEmail: |
9.
Peter N. Stearns 《Theory and Society》2007,36(4):373-379
This is a discussion of two books by Cas Wouters, Sex and Manners: Female Emancipation in the West 1890–2000 (London: Sage, 2004), and Informalization: Manners and Emotions since 1890 (Sage, forthcoming 2007, English version).
相似文献
Peter N. StearnsEmail: |
10.
Consider an individual whose judgments are always based on a fundamental criterion such as a political ideology or a religious doctrine. In a choice situation, he always prefers any alternative that is compatible with the criterion to any that is not. When individuals are allowed to have preference spaces restricted in this manner, we investigate Arrow-consistent domains. We observe that a diversity of attitudes is essential in order to escape an Arrovian impossibility.This paper received the Kanematsu Fellowship from RIEB, Kobe University in May 2002. We are much indebted to two anonymous referees of this journal, three anonymous referees of the Kanematsu Fellowship, Jun Iritani, William Thomson, and John Weymark for helpful comments. We also thank Takashi Kamihigashi, Tetsuya Kishimoto, Ryo-ichi Nagahisa, Hiroaki Nagatani, Tadashi Sekiguchi, Koji Shimomura, Tomoichi Shinotsuka, Koichi Suga, Makoto Tanaka, Ken Urai, and participants at the Kobe-Osaka Joint Seminar in Mathematical Economics at Osaka University in March 2001, the meeting of the Japanese Economic Association at Hiroshima Syudo University in May 2001, the Far Eastern Meeting of the Econometric Society in Kobe in July 2001, the Seventh Decentralization Conference at Waseda University in October 2001, the Sixth International Meeting of the Society for Social Choice and Welfare at Caltech in July 2002 for valuable suggestions. The first version was written while we were graduate students in Economics at Kobe University.
相似文献
Toyotaka Sakai (Corresponding author)Email: |
Masaki ShimojiEmail: |
11.
Agreeing on more than chicken soup: Intra-household decision-making and treatment for child psychopathology 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Frederick J. Zimmerman 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(3):229-252
Using a large, U.S. dataset it is shown that children are more likely to receive needed mental health specialty treatment
when women have greater decision-making power, as measured by an index of wife-favorable divorce laws and by the sex ratio
at the time of marriage. Stratified analyses show that this effect is modified by the degree of marital conflict. Marriages
characterized by high conflict conform more closely to the unified household model. The paper then presents a model of household
decision-making consistent with these results that incorporates both objective determinants of bargaining power as well as
the role of violent coercion in maintaining otherwise unsustainable equilibria. Implications for improving children’s access
to mental health treatment are offered.
相似文献
Frederick J. ZimmermanEmail: |
12.
In the late twentieth century, many social scientists and other social commentators came to characterize the world as evolving
into an “information society.” Central to these claims was the notion that new social uses of information, and particularly
application of scientific knowledge, are transforming social life in fundamental ways. Among the supposed transformations
are the rise of intellectuals in social importance, growing productivity and prosperity stemming from increasingly knowledge-based
economic activity, and replacement of political conflict by authoritative, knowledge-based decision-making. We trace these
ideas to their origins in the Enlightenment doctrines of Saint Simon and Comte, show that empirical support for them has never
been strong, and consider the durability of their social appeal.
James B. Rule is Distinguished Affiliated Scholar at the Center for the Study of Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley. He has researched and published widely on matters relating to sociological theory and the role of information in social life. His most recent books are Theory and Progress in Social Science (Cambridge University Press, 1997), Computing in Organizations; Myth and Experience (co-authored with Debra Gimlin and Sylvia Sievers, Transaction, 2002) and Privacy in Peril (Oxford University Press, 2007). Yasemin Besen focuses on young people in the United States in her work, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Her research interests include teenage labor, gender, and inequality. Her work has been published in Contexts, Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, NWSAJ, and Equal Opportunities International. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. She is currently Assistant Professor of Sociology at Montclair State University. 相似文献
James B. Rule (Corresponding author)Email: |
Yasemin BesenEmail: |
James B. Rule is Distinguished Affiliated Scholar at the Center for the Study of Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley. He has researched and published widely on matters relating to sociological theory and the role of information in social life. His most recent books are Theory and Progress in Social Science (Cambridge University Press, 1997), Computing in Organizations; Myth and Experience (co-authored with Debra Gimlin and Sylvia Sievers, Transaction, 2002) and Privacy in Peril (Oxford University Press, 2007). Yasemin Besen focuses on young people in the United States in her work, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Her research interests include teenage labor, gender, and inequality. Her work has been published in Contexts, Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, NWSAJ, and Equal Opportunities International. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. She is currently Assistant Professor of Sociology at Montclair State University. 相似文献
13.
In 2007, both Moldovan and Ukrainian authorities took firm steps to reduce corruption along the Transdnistrian border. This
paper—aimed mainly at anti-corruption practitioners and scholars in public administration—discusses the background and underlying
principles guiding the anti-corruption work being adopted by both governments in order to facilitate discussion about optimal
anti-corruption programme design. This paper presents a set of tools used during the planning phase of the anti-corruption
programme—outlining the methodology used to assess the extent of corruption on the Transdnistrian border, the problems of
legislative transplants, a “contract test” for defining corruption offenses, a method of risk analysis, and a model of optimal
anti-corruption programme organizational design.
相似文献
Mariya PolnerEmail: |
14.
Olav Helge Angell 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(3):296-315
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate and explain how a Norwegian voluntary, faith-based organization—the Gospel Centre
of Norway (Pinsevennenes Evangeliesenter)—successfully substituted a “network” for “market” strategy vis-à-vis the public sector in order to obtain organizational
legitimacy and financial security. During the first decade of its existence it obtained a unique position in its relationship
with the state, as a separate item in the budget of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The organization operates in
the field of substance abuse rehabilitation, i.e., in a situation where instrumental effectiveness is difficult to assess.
In such a situation ritual or other institutional criteria may replace effectiveness criteria and impression management is
shown to be a successful strategy. Attention is paid to the relevant environmental conditions under which this organizational
change of strategy was successful.
相似文献
Olav Helge AngellEmail: |
15.
Larissa Buchholz 《Theory and Society》2006,35(4):481-490
This is a discussion of a book by Kathryn Linn Geurts, Culture and the Senses. Bodily Ways of Knowing in an African Community, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002; and a book by Judith Farquhar, Appetites. Food and Sex in Post-Socialist China, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2002.
相似文献
Larissa BuchholzEmail: |
16.
Noting the existence of social choice problems over which no scoring rule is Maskin monotonic, we characterize minimal monotonic
extensions of scoring rules. We show that the minimal monotonic extension of any scoring rule has a lower and upper bound,
which can be expressed in terms of alternatives with scores exceeding a certain critical score. In fact, the minimal monotonic
extension of a scoring rule coincides with its lower bound if and only if the scoring rule satisfies a certain weak monotonicity
condition (such as the Borda and antiplurality rule). On the other hand, the minimal monotonic extension of a scoring rule
approaches its upper bound as its degree of violating weak monotonicity increases, an extreme case of which is the plurality
rule with a minimal monotonic extension reaching its upper bound.
相似文献
M. Remzi SanverEmail: |
17.
American organizational theorists have not taken up the call to apply Bourdieu’s approach in all of its richness in part because,
for better or worse, evidentiary traditions render untenable the kind of sweeping analysis that makes Bourdieu’s classics
compelling. Yet many of the insights found in Bourdieu are being pursued piecemeal, in distinct paradigmatic projects that
explore the character of fields, the emergence of organizational habitus, and the changing forms of capital that are key to
the control of modern organizations. A number of these programs build on the same sociological classics that Bourdieu built
his own theory on. These share the same lineage, even if they were not directly influenced by Bourdieu.
Frank Dobbin is Professor of Sociology at Harvard University. His The New Economic Sociology: A Reader (Princeton University Press 2004) traces modern paradigms in economic sociology to their origins in sociological classics. His Inventing Equal Opportunity, chronicling the construction of corporate anti-discrimination strategies by human resources professionals, will be published by Princeton University Press in 2008. 相似文献
Frank DobbinEmail: |
Frank Dobbin is Professor of Sociology at Harvard University. His The New Economic Sociology: A Reader (Princeton University Press 2004) traces modern paradigms in economic sociology to their origins in sociological classics. His Inventing Equal Opportunity, chronicling the construction of corporate anti-discrimination strategies by human resources professionals, will be published by Princeton University Press in 2008. 相似文献
18.
Dana R. Fisher 《Sociological Forum》2006,21(3):467-494
This paper analyzes how natural resource interests have been translated into political outcomes in the form of American climate
change policy. Incorporating data about natural resource use and national decision-making, this paper concludes that comprehending
fully political decisions about global climate change in the United States requires us to recognize how land-use interests
in the growth machine are translated into political outcomes. The findings of this paper suggest that, in order to understand
social phenomena more fully, sociologists must recommit to studying the conjoint constitution of natural resources and social
processes.
相似文献
Dana R. FisherEmail: |
19.
Decision-making by children 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shelly Lundberg Jennifer L. Romich Kwok Ping Tsang 《Review of Economics of the Household》2009,7(1):1-30
In this paper, we examine the determinants of decision-making power by children and young adolescents. Moving beyond previous
economic models that treat children as goods consumed by adults, we develop a noncooperative model of parental control of
child behavior and child resistance. Using child reports of decision-making and psychological and cognitive measures from
the NLSY79 Child Supplement, we examine the determinants of shared and sole decision-making based on indices created from
seven domains of child activity. We find that the determinants of sole decision-making by the child and shared decision-making
with parents are quite distinct: sharing decisions appears to be a form of parental investment in child development rather
than a simple stage in the transfer of authority. In addition, we find that indicators of child capabilities and preferences
affect reports of decision-making authority in ways that suggest child demand for autonomy as well as parental discretion
in determining these outcomes.
相似文献
Kwok Ping TsangEmail: |
20.
David S. Loughran Ashlesha Datar M. Rebecca Kilburn 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(3):223-242
The theoretical and empirical literature on parental investment focuses on whether child-specific parental investments reinforce
or compensate for a child’s initial endowments. However, many parental investments, such as neighborhood quality and family
size and structure, are shared wholly or in part among all children in a household. The empirical results of this paper imply
that such household parental investments compensate for low endowments, as proxied by low birth weight.
相似文献
M. Rebecca KilburnEmail: |