资源分布、阶层地位与社会支持 基于东亚华人社会的比较

已有研究大多从网络结构角度讨论社会支持,本文基于2006年“亚洲民主动态调查”（Asian Barometer Survey）的数据,从地位结构观角度探讨了东亚华人社会城市居民的社会支持选择。研究结果表明,在不同资源分布格局的华人社会中,阶层结构对城市居民在社会支持选择上的影响存在差异。具体而言,在正式支持和混合支持的选择上,与中国大陆相比,教育地位对港台地区居民选择混合支持的几率有更明显的正向作用;在正式支持和非正式支持的选择上,教育地位对中国大陆居民选择正式支持的几率的正向作用更强。     

代际流动与外群体歧视——基于2005年全国综合社会调查数据的实证分析

本文基于CGSS2005的调查数据,以对角线参照模型为分析工具,考察了阶层代际流动对城市居民歧视性态度的影响。研究发现,在工作歧视和邻里居住歧视上,代际流动本身能够产生独立于流动者出身阶层与现处阶层的影响;随着年龄的增长,相对于出身阶层,流动者现处阶层对其歧视态度影响程度明显增强;进入社会歧视氛围更低的阶层能够显著降低流动者的歧视态度;相比向上流动,地位下降者对外来人口的歧视程度更高。研究指出,分层与流动研究不仅要考察客观社会结构及其开放状况,也要重视分层及流动对个体行为与态度所带来的主观层面影响。     

浦东居民如何交友

交友行为是人类内在心理互动需求的产物。自从人类社会伊始,这种特定的人际互动就伴随而生。而交友作为一种社会性行为,在不同的社会阶段都不可避免地会烙上各种社会因素的印记。浦东正处于走向市场的社会转型期,社会的诸多领域正经历着前所未有的变革。这种影响将不可避免地渗透入人际互动领域。有鉴于此,复旦大学社会学系与浦东新区社会发展局联合进行的“一九九八年浦东新区社会发展千户调查”中特别增设了关于交友状况的问题,用于对浦东地区1000多户居民的交友状况进行调查。在对数据进行相关统计分析后,笔者发现,浦东地区居民交…     

国家认同的影响因素及其代际特征差异:基于2013年中国社会状况调查数据（英文）

本文基于2013年中国社会状况综合调查数据,深入分析社会、经济、文化等因素对民众国家认同感的影响,重点比较青年一代和老一辈人的差异。结果显示,青年一代的国家认同感弱于老一代人,受过高等教育的青年的国家认同感弱化更为明显;老一代人的国家认同感更易于受到社会结构因素的影响,特别是社会阶层位置;而青年一代的国家认同感更易于受到文化因素和经济因素的影响。另外,本文还发现,在中国,优势阶层的国家认同感比中间阶层和基础阶层更强,这与亨廷顿、英格尔哈特等人的"精英群体国家认同弱化"观点相左,这可能是由于国家在全球化和经济增长中的不同作用而导致的结果。     

美国混合居住模式对我国社会福利事业的启示

自20世纪80年代以来美国的社会福利政策发生重大变化,在住房领域的"混合居住"模式被提出,并逐渐上升为一种发展策略,这种模式将收入不同的阶层结为邻里关系,从而形成邻里之间相互利益互补的一种居住方式和住房保障模式,以此增加中低收入群体的社会资本,同时使其不至于远离主流社会,从而促进社会融合。该政策取得很好的政策效果,而我国社会福利事业方兴未艾,需要加大投入,美国经验提供非常好的吸纳民间资本、公民个人参与进社会福利事业的微观路径。     

与祖辈同住:当前中国家庭的三代居住安排与青少年的学业表现

通过分析具有全国代表性的初中学生样本数据，本研究考察了影响当前中国家庭三代共同居住的决定因素、三代居住安排与青少年学业表现之间的关系及其中间机制。首先，家庭社会经济地位较低、母亲在职或单亲家庭的青少年更可能与祖辈同住。其次，代际居住安排会显著影响青少年的学业表现，控制了其他因素之后，三代共同居住（与祖辈同住）家庭的学生的学业表现要优于两代核心家庭的学生。第三，与祖辈同住的效应受到家庭社会经济地位和家庭结构的调节，来自较低阶层或非双亲家庭的学生从与祖辈同住中获益更多。最后，与祖辈同住在一定程度上通过加强亲子间的家庭社会资本这一机制作用于学生的学业表现。本文表明，在现代社会，家庭亲属网络仍然对个体的地位获得或社会流动具有十分重要的作用。     

多代流动效应：来自中国的证据

多代流动是社会流动中的重要议题。本文利用中国劳动力调查2012年数据,检验了不同世代社会流动的多代效应模式。研究发现,1980年以前出生的世代累积性的优势或劣势主要表现在两代之间,多代的效应并不明显;但随着市场经济的确立,累积性不平等的效应从两代之间扩展到三代之间,即在控制了父代的阶层地位后,祖代-孙代的影响效应仍显著存在,祖代职业阶层越高,孙代进入高职业阶层的可能性越大。此外,研究发现教育是个体实现向上流动的重要变量,但教育获得本身受家庭背景的影响。文章从实证和理论两方面的论述有助于加深对中国社会流动与代际不平等的理解。     

城市农民工阶层的语言使用状况及思考

本文以社会语言学理论为指导，初步考察了目前城市中农民工阶层的语言使用状况，也探讨了与农民工阶层语言生活相联系的一些社会问题，并提出了自己对这些问题的思考和建议。     

阶层归属意识及其成因分析--中国广州市居民的一项调查

对于中国社会分层这一"社会事实",大多数研究者是通过"收入分层","经济分层","政治分层","职业声望分层"乃至"消费分层"等来加以探讨的.无疑,这种用客观社会指标来分析、认识当代中国社会分层结构,是非常必要和重要的,今后它仍然是揭示中国社会分层结构的主要方法和途径.但是,我们还应看到,社会分层不单是一种社会事实,而且还是一种心理事实.也就是说,社会分层不但可以通过社会指标,例如,收入、财富、权力、声望、教育机会等来加以客观评价,还可以通过自我认定,进行主观评价,这也就是本文所讲的"阶层归属意识".具体来说,表现为在社会分层结构中,本人所做出的阶层归属的主观认定,是归属于上层,中上层,中层还是中下层,下层等.显然,一方面它反映了社会存在,反映了用不同社会指标或综合社会指标来进行社会分层的这一社会事实;另一方面,这种阶层归属意识的本身又是相对独立的存在--心理存在.从现实上看,客观的社会分层与带主观色彩的阶层归属意识难免会有不一致,不重叠之处,尽管如此,阶层归属意识本质上仍是一种社会存在,是现实社会分层结构的反射物.基于这种认识,本文试图从阶层归属意识的角度,并根据1999年对广州市居民的有关调查,来分析中国城市的社会分层结构问题.     

Perceptions of Distributive Justice of the Residents in Contemporary China’s Large Cities: An Empirical Study Based on the Survey in Shanghai〖JP〗

本文从自利理论和归因理论出发,以2006年8月-2007年1月上海大学社会学系“上海市居民的阶层地位与社会意识”调查数据为基础,分析当前中国大城市居民的分配公平感及其形成机制。研究发现,大城市居民对主要社会群体的收入分配感到明显不公平。阶层地位是否具有优势对居民分配公平感的形成没有显著影响,但社会经济地位及其对导致社会不平等的归因则与分配公平感明显相关。具有优势经济地位的群体既直接影响人们的分配公平感,又通过对社会不平等的归因偏好间接影响人们的分配公平感。归因偏好对分配公平感的影响比社会经济地位的影响更加显著：越是将社会不平等归因于个人绩效因素（内因）,其分配公平感就越强;越是将社会不平等归因于权力、政策因素（外因）,其分配不公平感就越强。     

基线评估法在社会工作实务过程中的应用

社会工作作为一种应用型较强的职业,它的工作过程是怎样的呢?其效果又如何呢?要做出对社会工作过程和效果的客观评价,就需要评估。那么具体采用什么样的评估方法呢?在社会工作实务过程中有一种比较有效、直观的方法叫基线评估法。本文试就基线测量法的含义、基线测量法的操作程序、基线评估法的优缺点等方面作探讨。     

Part-Time Workers in Welfare: Who Wins,Who Loses,and Why?

This paper reviews the literature on part-time employment and presents data from a survey of part-time social workers in Melbourne. Information on part-time employment by age and gender is presented and industrial issues relevant to part-time work are discussed. Data on demographic characteristics, working conditions and employer perception of advantages and disadvantages of part-time social work are presented from a postal survey of Melbourne health and social welfare agencies.     

Conditions for migrant mothers' socioeconomic disadvantages in Hong Kong

The present study utilizes both survey and interview data to examine the socioeconomic disadvantages in terms of limited social support, poverty, and non-employment in migrant mothers in Hong Kong, China. It seeks to understand the disadvantages from a social distance perspective, which holds that social distance hinders access to employment, and social and formal support. This article surveyed 837 mothers living in two impoverished communities. A subsample of 72 migrant mothers participated in follow-up in-depth interviews. Findings indicate the socioeconomic disadvantages and reveal some local conditions for the disadvantages. Specifically, the norms of childcare and self-reliance, social stigmatization of welfare recipients, and remote residential community come to shape migrant mothers' experiences of caring for young children. These findings provide implications to social work practitioners for targeting migrant mothers to reduce their social distance from local community resources.     

Organizational affiliation and effectiveness: the case of rape crisis centers

Many rape crisis centers (RCCs) that were founded as autonomous organizations have affiliated with other organizations. The relationship of affiliation type and effectiveness is examined in a sample of 25 RCCs in Florida. Effectiveness is defined in terms of range of services for rape victims and involvement in rape prevention (social change) activities. The data show that 23 RCCs are affiliated with six types of organizations and two are free-standing. Each affiliation type has advantages and disadvantages but, overall, free-standing RCCs appear to be most effective and RCCs affiliated with community mental health centers, least effective. Of the seven types, free-standing agencies are most involved in rape prevention activities aimed at social change.     

我国高校社会工作专业学生课外能力培养探索

我国社会工作专业是一门新兴的学科,它的发展特别是在学生能力的培养方面还存在不足。本文结合高校社会工作学生能力要求,针对其培养现状,提出了以课外能力方式培养学生专业技能,并通过实践探索总结了该模式的优势和作用,分析其中的不足,对该模式的实施提出了意见。     

影响我国邮政特快专递业竞争力的因素分析

从市场环境的角度出发,我国的邮政特快专递从现在的垄断竞争阶段发展到完全竞争阶段是大势所趋。我国的速递公司和竞争对手各有优劣势,通过对哈尔滨地区用邮结构的调查分析,可以看到,EWS有其存在的必要性。影响其交换量的因素可概括为:商业因素、经济因素、技术因素、社会、地理因素、法律因素等。     

Using a hybrid data collection tool: Analysis of youth labour market trajectories integrating quantitative,qualitative and social network data

This article explains the factors that led to the use of a hybrid data collection tool—i.e., a single questionnaire designed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data—in two different research projects that focused on the relation between the labour market trajectories of young people and the use and accumulation of network social capital in these trajectories. The article describes the characteristics of this tool and the methodological challenges posed by its use. The advantages and disadvantages of this specific type of data collection are also addressed. Among the main advantages, the improvement of data quality and the overarching picture obtained of the career path and use of personal networks are highlighted. The most important downside found is the amount of time needed in the interview, which shows the need to pay attention to the balance between quantitative and qualitative elements in the structure of the questionnaire.     

Understanding Canonical Discriminant Function Analysis

The intent of this paper is to explain nonmathematically the appropriate use and interpretation of canonical discriminant function analysis. The two primary purposes for which this multivariate statistical technique are employed are elucidated as (1) exploratory dimension-reduction, and (2) the testing of typological hypotheses. A heuristic discussion of the technique is provided emphasizing applied rather than theoretical issues presented via an empirical question relevant to social work. A detailed explanation of how the question was answered is provided in a discussion of the output from the SPSSx statistical package. Throughout the paper, the advantages and disadvantages of doing a discrminant function analysis on both SPSSx and SAS are explicated by an ongoing comparison of each package's features.     

Childhood origins and adult destinations: The impact of childhood living conditions on coexisting disadvantages in adulthood

The aim of this study was to analyse linkages between childhood living conditions and coexisting disadvantages in adulthood. Analyses were based on the Stockholm Birth Cohort, consisting of more than 14,000 individuals born in 1953, followed up until 2007. Based on education, labour market outcomes, economic poverty and health, four outcome profiles with varying levels of disadvantage were identified by means of latent class analysis. Coexisting disadvantages were present in approximately one‐fifth of the individuals. Low educational attainment, social welfare recipiency and mental health problems simultaneously occurred in two of the profiles, suggesting that these dimensions are highly interconnected. Results from multinomial regression analysis showed that individuals who had experienced disadvantaged childhood conditions had particularly high risks of ending up in these two outcome profiles, with or without the presence of unemployment. Key Practitioner Message: ● Four outcome profiles with varying combinations of adult disadvantage are identified; ● Coexisting disadvantages are present in approximately one‐fifth of the individuals; ● Those experiencing adverse childhood conditions have higher risks of coexisting disadvantages, with or without the presence of unemployment.     

The purchaser/provider separation in child and family social work: Implications for service delivery and for the role of the social worker

This paper discusses some of the findings from a research study that was carried out in 1995. The study aimed to examine the implications of the use of the purchaser/provider separation (and associated care management processes) in social work with children and families, focusing on the effects of separation on service delivery and on the role of the social worker. The research involved two stages: a telephone survey (to gather quantitative data about the prevalence of organizational separation in England and qualitative data about perceived advantages and disadvantages of separation) and a single exploratory case study in a Local Authority Social Services Department.
The paper is concerned primarily with the case study findings. It begins by locating organizational separation within a social policy context. This is followed by an overview of the existing literature on the implications of the purchaser/provider separation and care management for service delivery and for the social work role. The methods and key findings for the telephone survey and the case study are then described. Analysis of the case study data suggested that separation in this setting could be understood along three dimensions: efficient processing versus delays; control of the work and work processes versus lack of control; and clarity of role and task versus duplication. The paper ends with a discussion of the study's main conclusion – that the purchaser/provider separation in child and family work may introduce benefits of specialization whilst also bringing problems associated with fragmentation of the traditional social work role.