高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的影响机理研究

基于对782名服务业和制造业员工进行的调查,分析了高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的影响及作用机制。研究表明,高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的积极影响不是直接的,工作幸福感的核心概念——积极情绪和工作满意度在其中起完全中介作用,而消极情绪的中介作用未得到支持。研究发现,高绩效工作系统实质上是动机激励的工作环境塑造系统,由此形成了激发员工内在工作动机和积极心理体验的组织环境。此外,进一步揭示了工作幸福感是促进员工敬业的关键环节,启示组织应加强员工工作中的情感管理,塑造员工积极的心理力量,从而构建幸福组织。     

如何提升员工敬业度

员工敬业度对企业具有重要作用。本文在阐述员工敬业度概念及重要性的基础上,提出了企业提升员工敬业度的几条措施。     

餐饮行业员工敬业度提升策略

文章首先对员工敬业度的研究进行了介绍，界定了餐饮业员工敬业度的内涵，分析了餐饮行业的工作特点及其对员工敬业度的要求，在此基础上对如何提升餐饮业员工敬业度进行了探讨，具体包括科学设计工作内容，建立公平、合理的薪酬福利制度，帮助员工制定科学的职业生涯规划及注重情感激励四个方面。     

员工敬业度、工作绩效与工作满意度的关系研究

本文基于角色理论,探索员工敬业度、工作绩效与工作满意度之间的关系,以及工作绩效在员工敬业度与工作满意度之间的中介作用。利用在职学生的137份调查数据进行统计分析,结果显示,中国文化背景下,工作绩效也包括任务绩效和关系绩效两个维度;员工敬业度、工作绩效和工作满意度之间存在显著正相关;工作绩效在员工敬业度与工作满意度之间起完全的中介作用。     

职场排斥对员工敬业度的影响研究——情绪耗竭的中介作用

员工敬业度问题关系到企业的生存与发展。引入情绪耗竭中介变量,探讨在中国组织文化情境下职场排斥对员工敬业度的影响机制。通过研究得出:职场排斥显著负向影响员工敬业度,职场排斥正向影响员工情绪耗竭,情绪耗竭对员工敬业度有负向的消极影响,情绪耗竭在职场排斥与员工敬业度之间起部分中介作用。     

员工满意度与敬业度关系实证研究--以饭店企业为例

本文通过对饭店企业进行实证调查研究发现,影响员工满意度与敬业度的因素并不相同。多元回归分析表明,满意度与工作本身、职业发展、薪酬福利、人际关系、工作生活环境、信息沟通、参与管理存在相关关系;而敬业度只与工作本身、职业发展、管理制度、领导水平存在相关关系。员工根据满意度和敬业度存在4种组合类型:满意度敬业度双高;满意度低敬业度高;满意度高敬业度低;满意度敬业度双低。调查显示,不同管理体制下员工的满意度和敬业度有明显差异,其中,实行合同制的员工在满意度和敬业度双高中占的比例最高。由此,建议国有饭店应推行合同制管理。与饭店服务质量、顾客满意度和企业利润直接相关的是员工的敬业度而不是满意度,因此,未来应该注重员工敬业度的研究,实现人力资源的高效管理。     

员工敬业度的影响因素及提升措施研究

员工敬业度的高低直接影响着个人行为和企业绩效,进而决定着企业的竞争能力.本文首先探讨了学术界对员工敬业度的内涵界定,然后基于相关理论模型,分析员工敬业度的决定机制和影响因素,最后提出企业提升员工敬业度的具体措施.     

刍议新生代员工敬业度影响因素及提升方法

文章概述了敬业度的定义,分析了影响新生代员工敬业度的因素,探析了提升新生代员工敬业度的有效方法,希望能够为相关学者和企业的管理者提供一定的参考。     

有效员工社会化的影响因素实证研究

通过对477名进入企业组织一年半的新员工的实证研究,探讨了与有效员工社会化相关的影响因素;选取有效员工社会化的两个测量层面,即员工社会化程度和员工敬业度,二者呈显著性相关.结果显示,中国企业组织的员工社会化程度是比较有效的,依次是任务社会化、团队社会化和组织社会化;员工的自我效能与员工社会化程度、员工敬业度均呈显著性相关,对于有效的员工社会化起着重要作用;心理契约的预期、执行和违背情况都在不同程度的影响着员工社会化程度和员工敬业度.     

公务员敬业度及其影响因素的实证研究

以191名政府公务员为样本,研究我国公务员敬业度的构成,以及个体因素、工作特征和组织人际因素对敬业度的影响。结果表明,我国公务员敬业度由奉献和活力2个维度构成;男性公务员在活力水平上显著高于女性;年长、工龄较长、职务较高、学历较低的公务员奉献水平相对较高。通过逐步多元回归分析验证了工作重要性、工作反馈对敬业度各维度及总体均有促进作用;工作自主促进奉献维度和总体敬业度;技能多样性对敬业度无显著性影响;上级支持促进整体敬业度;同事支持促进奉献。最后,在实证研究的基础上,提出了提升公务员敬业度的管理策略。     

Engaging leader – Engaged employees? A cross-lagged study on employee engagement

The goal of this study is to provide a cross-lagged examination of the relationships between engaging leadership, job resources and employee work engagement. We propose a mediation model and we postulate that engaging leadership can increase perceptions of three specific job resources (i.e. autonomy, support from colleagues and opportunities for learning and development) which theoretically correspond to the three facets of engaging leadership (i.e., inspiring, connecting and strengthening, respectively). Subsequently, in keeping with the extant body of Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) research, we link job resources to employee work engagement. Our hypotheses were tested on data collected at two time-points – T1 (N = 759) and T2 (N = 273) –from employees working for a hotel chain in the Netherlands. In line with our expectations, engaging leadership showed a significant cross-lagged relationship with autonomy and support from colleagues, but did not predict learning opportunities and work engagement across time. While we formulated specific hypotheses, we also tested reversed causation relationships. We found no direct effect from engaging leadership on employee work engagement, however, the reversed effect was significant; employee perceptions of engaging leadership were shaped by their own engagement experiences. Importantly, engaged employees at T1 reported more job resources at T2. By providing a cross-lagged examination of our model, we showed that engaging leaders as well as employees’ positive affective state of being engaged, are essential to shaping a resourceful work context. A comprehensive view on the triggers and outcomes of work engagement and engaging leadership is needed, as the traditional unidirectional cause-effect rationale fails to explain how these concepts relate to one another and to employee experiences of job resources.     

Supervisory coaching and performance feedback as mediators of the relationships between leadership styles,work engagement,and turnover intention

Human resource development (HRD) is key to organizational success. With some HRD roles devolving to leaders in recent years, a gap in understanding is now evident in how leaders’ leadership styles shape development-oriented behaviours that may effectively assist them in fulfilling their HRD roles, and the corresponding effects that this has on employee work engagement and turnover intention. This study compared the effects of transformational and transactional leadership styles on employee attitudes (i.e. work engagement and turnover intention) through leaders’ behaviours (i.e. supervisory coaching and performance feedback). This study used a multilevel approach (i.e. matching leaders to multiple subordinates) with 500 employees, nested in 65 workgroups from private organizations in Malaysia. As hypothesized, we found a link between transformational (but not transactional) leadership and higher levels of supervisory coaching and performance feedback, and that these job resources mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. Furthermore, we found that work engagement mediates the relationships of both supervisory coaching and performance feedback to turnover intention. Overall, the study results reveal one way in which Asian leaders can effectively facilitate some aspects of HRD through development-focused behaviours which serve as job resources to boost work engagement and reduce turnover intention.     

High-involvement work practices and employee engagement

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between high involvement work practices (HIWPs) and employee engagement. HIWPs consist of four main attributes: (a) power – employees have the power to make decisions and/or to participate in decision-making; (b) information – information is shared among employees; (c) reward – employees are rewarded for their good performance; and (d) knowledge – employees are provided with the necessary training to do their work. This paper investigates the connections between engagement and each of these practices, and proposes a conceptual model that links these relationships. It starts by providing a brief overview of HIWPs, followed by a discussion on the connections between HIWPs and engagement, and a conclusion and discussion of implications for practice and research.     

On the psychological and motivational processes linking job characteristics to employee functioning: Insights from self-determination theory

The aim of this study was to provide insight into the differential relationships between job characteristics (job demands and resources) and employee functioning by examining the psychological and motivational processes involved. Drawing on self-determination theory, we tested a model in which job demands are positively related to negative manifestations of employee functioning (psychological distress and psychosomatic complaints) through psychological need frustration and low-quality work motivation (controlled motivation), whereas job resources are positively related to positive manifestations of employee functioning (work engagement and job performance) through need satisfaction and high-quality work motivation (autonomous motivation). Data were collected from 699 Canadian nurses. Structural equation modelling (SEM) results support the proposed model: psychological needs and work motivation partially mediated the relationship between job characteristics and employee functioning. Specifically, job demands negatively predicted employee functioning (high distress and psychosomatic complaints, low engagement and performance) through need frustration and controlled motivation. In contrast, while positively predicting need satisfaction and negatively predicting need frustration, job resources fostered optimal work motivation (more autonomous and less controlled motivation) and employee functioning. The implications for self-determination theory (SDT) and research on occupational health and stress are discussed.     

How Leaders Affect Followers’ Work Engagement and Performance: Integrating Leader−Member Exchange and Crossover Theory

Drawing on leader?member exchange and crossover theory, this study examines how leaders’ work engagement can spread to followers, highlighting the role of leader?member exchange as an underlying explanatory process. Specifically, we investigate if leaders who are highly engaged in their work have better relationships with their followers, which in turn can explain elevated employee engagement. For this purpose, we surveyed 511 employees nested in 88 teams and their team leaders in a large service organization. Employees and supervisors provided data in this multi‐source design. Furthermore, we asked the employees to report their annual performance assessment. We tested our model using multilevel path analyses in Mplus. As hypothesized, leaders’ work engagement enhanced leader?member exchange quality, which in turn boosted employee engagement (mediation model). Moreover, employee engagement was positively linked to performance and negatively linked to turnover intentions. As such, our multilevel field study connects the dots between work engagement research and the leadership literature. We identify leaders’ work engagement as a key to positive leader?follower relationships and a means for promoting employee engagement and performance. Promoting work engagement at the managerial level may be a fruitful starting point for fostering an organizational culture of engagement.     

Relationships of individual and organizational support with engagement: Examining various types of causality in a three-wave study

The challenges associated with facilitating an organizational environment that promotes work engagement and is supportive of employee psychological well-being are well documented. This study focused on the longitudinal relationships between work engagement and three supportive job resources: supervisor support, colleague support and individual perceptions of the wider resource of work culture support. The sample comprised 1196 employees of an Australian state police service, both police officers and civilian staff, who completed self-report surveys across three waves of data collection. Work culture support predicted higher supervisor support, colleague support and work engagement over time lags of 12 and 18 months. Furthermore, work engagement was a significant predictor of work culture support over the two time lags. Significant indirect relationships were also observed. With the large volume of work-related factors potentially influencing work engagement, the results of this research assist in clarifying the specific supportive job resources that impact upon work engagement over time. The paper discusses practical implications for the promotion of support and work engagement within high-stress occupations.     

Contextualizing Cultural Orientation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This research attempts a more contextualized approach to examining organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Borrowing from theory in international and cross cultural management as well as organizational behavior, context is conceptualized as multi-level and as a shaper of meaning and variability in employee citizenship behaviors. By centralizing the unique socio-cultural, political and historical national context (i.e., omnibus context) of Lebanon at the core of our theorizing, we hypothesize, contrary to previous research, a positive relationship between idiocentrism and employee engagement in organizational citizenship behaviors. Furthermore, we explore the influence that unit level OCB (i.e., discrete context) has on the idiocentrism–OCB relationship. Our analysis confirms the positive relationship between idiocentrism and OCB in this unique context. In addition, our cross-level analysis suggests that in workgroups with higher levels of unit level OCB, idiocentrism is more strongly related to employee engagement in OCB. The findings highlight the value added in contextualizing research on OCB and employee behavior in general.     

Skill utilization and well-being: a cross-level story of day-to-day fluctuations and personal intrinsic values

The opportunity to use one's skills at work is an important prerequisite for employee well-being. Drawing on self-determination and person-environment fit theory, this diary study aims to add to our understanding of this important phenomenon in two ways. Firstly, we examine the associations of within-subject daily variations in skill utilization with well-being. Secondly, we model work value orientation as a between-subject factor that moderates this within-subject relationship. Specifically, we advocate that daily skill utilization is more beneficial (in terms of more daily work engagement and less daily emotional exhaustion) for employees holding predominantly intrinsic (i.e. self-development, community contribution) as opposed to extrinsic (i.e. financial success, status) values. Results of multilevel modelling using diary data from 99 service workers over five working days, supported the assumption that daily skill utilization was positively related to daily work engagement, particularly among employees holding a predominantly intrinsic work value orientation. Contrary to our expectations, daily skill utilization was unrelated to daily exhaustion, both for employees holding high and low intrinsic values. The discussion highlights the importance of, and employees’ receptiveness to, variations in beneficial working conditions.     

Country differences in the relationship between leadership and employee engagement: A meta-analysis

Leadership is frequently related to important organizational outcomes such as follower engagement. However, to date we have little insight into the degree to which this relation is contingent upon (a) types of leadership style and (b) national culture. These two issues are addressed in a meta-analysis of 209 independent (257 effect sizes), mainly cross-sectional studies (79%), involving 82,386 participants from 45 countries. The findings show that whereas abusive supervision was negatively associated with work engagement, several leadership styles (e.g., servant, empowering, ethical, and charismatic leadership) have positive correlations with subordinate engagement; some dimensions of national culture (e.g., gender egalitarianism, human orientation, performance orientation, future orientation, and power distance) moderate the leadership–employee engagement relationship. However, the correlations between servant, ethical, and transactional leadership and subordinate engagement are less likely to vary across national cultural characteristics. Notwithstanding the proliferation of leadership–employee engagement literature with more than 200 published articles, a strong reliance on cross-sectional designs have impeded it to gain any solid conclusions about causality due to endogeneity biases. We conclude by providing a detailed future research agenda and discussing how our results can stimulate future leadership research and inform practices with regards to leader development.