Health Literacy Level of Chinese Residents Improved to 9.48% in 2013

Health literacy refers to the ability to obtain and understand basic healt h information and service and use such information and service to make appropriate decisions so as to maintain and enhance one’s own health.Health literacy is an important indicator to evaluate a country’s basic public health service standard and the health status of the people.It is already included in the Twelfth Five-year Plan on the     

母亲受教育水平对儿童健康的影响及其路径

母亲的受教育水平对儿童的健康发展具有重要影响,但鲜有研究针对其影响路径进行深入分析。本文基于1991-2015年中国营养与健康调查数据,利用母亲的兄弟姐妹个数作为母亲受教育水平的工具变量,采用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS),探讨了母亲受教育水平对儿童健康的影响及其路径。研究表明,母亲受教育水平每提高1年,儿童的年龄别身高Z评分和年龄别体重Z评分分别平均显著提高0.129和0.14个标准差,具体来说,5岁儿童身高和体重对应是提高约0.6厘米和0.3千克。使用九年义务教育的实施作为母亲受教育水平的工具变量时,结果仍然稳健。影响路径的研究结果说明,母亲的受教育水平可通过提高其膳食知识水平和家庭资产指数来影响其儿童的健康发展。进一步的异质性分析发现,农村母亲受教育水平对家庭资产指数和儿童健康的影响显著大于城市,但对膳食知识水平的影响不存在城乡差异。基于以上分析,提高女性的教育投入,尤其是农村女性的教育投入可以显著改善儿童的健康状况。     

社会资本对受雇就业农民工职业地位获得的作用

本文以空位竞争模型中对劳动力市场中工作结构与奖励结构的假定为基础,进一步地在理论上推演出了社会资本对农民工职业地位获得作用的假设。对实地调查数据的分析发现:尽管职业流动的频率越高越不利于农民工获得专业技术或管理等较高职业地位,但对于社会关系的广度高的个体,职业流动频率对职业地位的晋升具有正向作用。该结果意味着职业流动频率高并不一定不利于农民工职业地位的获得,在缺乏社会关系广度下的频繁职业流动才是导致农民工水平职业流动的原因。     

城乡流动人口的经济地位获得及决定因素

本文使用了国际间移民研究中常用的理论概念,通过对社会调查数据的分析,对中国城乡流动人口的经济地位获得情况及决定因素进行了研究与讨论。研究结果表明:城乡流动人口的人力资本对其经济地位获得有着重要的影响,主要表现为正规教育与培训的作用。流动人口的社会资本对其经济地位获得的作用则更为明显。值得注意的是,流动人口不仅面临着对原有的人力资本进行转换,使之能更好地在新的环境中发挥作用的问题,还面临着突破在“乡土社会”中形成的“原始社会资本”的束缚,建立新型社会资本的任务。     

中国的百岁老人

本文利用“中国高龄老人健康长寿”课题 1998年调查数据 ,首次对中国百岁老人的基本特征进行了分析。该调查随机抽取了 2 2个省约 50 %的县市 ,在自愿基础上调查了其中所有百岁老人。中国百岁老人是一个以女性、文盲、丧偶者为主的人口群体 ,乐观向上、豁达开朗是共同的性格特征。多数百岁老人在经济活动年龄时从事农业或家务劳动 ,没有退休金 ,只能依靠家庭进行经济供养、生活照料、精神慰藉 ,他们以家庭为主的居住安排也利于家庭养老。中国百岁老人相对比较健康 ,患病率较低 ,多数认为自己身体较好或一般 ,对自己的生活比较满意 ,但有相当比例在日常生活中需要他人提供部分或全部帮助     

四川省计划生育"三结合"走上一个新阶段

计划生育“三结合”是中国人的一大创造。表面上是帮扶者和计生户的结合 ,本质上是人口与经济的结合。它使计划生育工作融入社会经济发展的洪流之中 ,摆脱了就人口抓人口 ,就计划生育抓计划生育的工作模式 ,也是实现计划生育工作思路和工作方法“两个转变”的根本举措。计生“三结合”的推行为提高“三为主”工作水平和质量 ,为稳定低生育水平奠定了坚实的思想基础和物质条件 ,它不但在抓紧抓好计划生育工作 ,使计划生育工作再上一个新台阶 ,改善党群、干群关系 ,转变人们旧的生育观念方面有着巨大作用 ,而且在推动农村“两个文明”建设和农…     

Importance has been Considered in Satisfaction Evaluation: an Experimental Examination of Locke’s Range-of-affect Hypothesis

Importance weighting is a common practice in quality of life (QOL) measurement research. Based on the widespread idea that important domains should make a greater contribution to individuals’ QOL total score, the weighting procedure of multiplying item satisfaction by an item’s importance has been adopted in many QOL instruments. Locke’s [1969, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 4, 309–336; 1976, Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Rand McNally, Chicago, pp. 1297–1343] range-of-affect hypothesis indicated that a satisfaction evaluation is determined by the have-want discrepancy, importance, and the interaction of the have-want discrepancy and importance, implying that a satisfaction evaluation incorporates the judgment of importance and weighting the satisfaction score with the importance score is unnecessary. The purpose of the current study was to address the issue of importance weighting by examining Locke’s range-of-affect hypothesis in the context of QOL research. A within-subject experiment was conducted to see if, given a varying amount of discrepancy, participants would reveal whether or not satisfaction/dissatisfaction is related to the dimension of importance placed on the object. Forty undergraduate students at National Taiwan University participated in the current study. Results revealed that the association between have-want discrepancy and object satisfaction is stronger on the high important dimension than the less important dimension. Generally, the results were consistent with Locke’s range-of-affect hypothesis, revealing that a satisfaction evaluation has incorporated the judgment of item importance, suggesting that the procedure of importance weighting is unnecessary. This paper was a part of the first author’s Master’s Thesis.     

Prenatal Health,Educational Attainment,and Intergenerational Inequality: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study

In this article, we study the effects of prenatal health on educational attainment and on the reproduction of family background inequalities in education. Using Finnish birth cohort data, we analyze several maternal and fetal health variables, many of which have not been featured in the literature on long-term socioeconomic effects of health despite the effects of these variables on birth and short-term health outcomes. We find strong negative effects of mother’s prenatal smoking on educational attainment, which are stronger if the mother smoked heavily but are not significant if she quit during the first trimester. Anemia during pregnancy is also associated with lower levels of attained education. Other indicators of prenatal health (pre-pregnancy obesity, mother’s antenatal depressed mood, hypertension and preeclampsia, early prenatal care visits, premature birth, and small size for gestational age) do not predict educational attainment. Our measures explain little of the educational inequalities by parents’ class or education. However, smoking explains 12%—and all health variables together, 19%—of the lower educational attainment of children born to unmarried mothers. Our findings point to the usefulness of proximate health measures in addition to general ones. They also point to the potentially important role played by early health in intergenerational processes.     

Health and Other Aspects of the Quality of Life of Older People

Celebrating the United Nations' International Year of Older Persons, in September 1999 a survey research project was undertaken throughout the Northern Interior Health Region (NIHR) of British Columbia. A total of 875 people completed 23-page questionnaires, the average age of the respondents was 69 and the range ran from 55 to 95 years. Responses to the SF-36 questionnaire indicated that for male respondents aged 55–64, the mean score for the 8 dimensions was 74.4. This mean was practically identical to that of the United States norm for such people (74.5) and lower than that for the United Kingdom (77.4). For male respondents aged 65 and older, the mean was 68.3. This was numerically higher but again practically the same as that of the norm for the United States (68.1). For females aged 55–64, the mean score for 8 dimensions was 73. This was superior to that of the United States norm of (70.6) for such people and lower than that for the United Kingdom (74.6). For female respondents aged 65 and older, the mean score was 65.4. This was practically identical to that of the United States (65.5).Comparing 18 average figures for our respondents on satisfaction with specific domains of life (e.g., financial security, health, friendships) and life as a whole with those of average adults in Prince George in November 1999, we found that in all but two cases the older people's scores were higher. Only in the cases of satisfaction with health and overall happiness were older people's scores lower, and the differences were not statistically significant.Eleven percent of our respondents reported that they had been a victim of a crime in the last year, compared to 38% in our 1997 adult victimization survey. Older people had a more benign view than ordinary adults of the growth of crime in their neighbourhood and city, although exactly 64% of both groups thought that crime had increased in Canada. Although older people had a more optimistic view than other adults of the increase in crime in their neighbourhoods, fewer of the former than the latter felt safe out at night. Nevertheless, compared to adults surveyed in 1997, the behaviour of respondents in our survey of older people was not as constrained by concerns of criminal victimization.Two or three of the 8 SF-36 health dimensions explained 37% of the variation in life satisfaction scores, 34% of variation in happiness scores, 34% in satisfaction with the overall quality of life scores and 22% in satisfaction with one's overall standard of living. In every case, Mental Health was the dimension that had the greatest impact on our four dependent variables.When all of our potential predictors were entered into a regression equation simultaneously, we found that they could explain 60% of the variance in life satisfaction scores, 44% in happiness scores, 58% in satisfaction with the overall quality of life scores and 59% in satisfaction with one's overall standard of living scores.     

健康资本对我国中老年人医疗服务利用影响研究

基于健康资本对于中老年人医疗服务利用的影响,利用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011年数据,从健康资本及预防学的观点,研究健康资本对于我国中老年人医疗服务利用的影响.结果表明,在控制了社会人口学因素的前提下,健康自评等健康资本都是影响我国中老年人医疗服务利用的重要因素,相对于中年人而言老年人的医疗服务利用行为受到的影响更为显著.应该从预防保健的角度改善中老年人的健康状况,从而减轻对医疗卫生服务形成的压力.     

退休对中老年人健康的影响研究

近几年我国政府不断释放延迟退休的政策意向,但该政策对健康的影响往往被忽略。本文利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,采用法定退休年龄作为工具变量,研究退休(指需要办理退休手续)对中老年人健康的影响。研究显示,退休对自评健康、抑郁和认知均产生了负面影响且对女性、教育程度较低、45⁵4岁的人群影响更为显著。此外,对影响路径的分析表明,退休会通过显著减少人们的社交活动和休息时间来危害健康。本文的基本结论是退休对健康有负面影响,延迟退休有助于优化人们整个生命周期的健康水平。这从健康角度为延迟退休政策提供了实证依据。     

中国朝鲜族人口现代化的成就与经验

朝鲜族在人口现代化方面取得的成就 ,不仅为中国 56个民族之冠 ,在有的重要指标上还达到了世界发达国家水平。这表明 ,朝鲜族已走上了“人口—教育—经济—社会”良性发展的轨道。朝鲜族的主要经验是 :“教育兴族 ,教育优先” ,“超前发展计划生育” ,特别强调保持和发扬本民族的优良传统与倡导现代生育观念     

中国新疆回族人口的变迁、分布与特点

新疆境内回族人口历史,最早可追溯于13世纪,清朝及民国年间为人口增长的一个重要时期。解放后至今除出现一些间断性的小波动之外,均呈稳步增长态势。新疆回族人口集聚于天山以北,与历史上中央政府制定的政策、移民倾向以及地区工农业、商业、交通发展有关。新疆回族人口聚居于海拔500米以及低于海平面的盆地层带,在聚居于农业区比重较大的同时,还具有在城郊、交通枢纽及水源充足的地居住的独有特点。其人口在稳步增长的基础上,各地人口比例出现变化。其城镇化人口比重呈上升趋势,但进度极为缓慢。     

Health of Chinese Students A Great Concern

Despite improving health conditions of Chinesestudents aged 7-22 on the whole in recent years,some problems still exist. These include increasingobesity, a high rate of nearsightedness, weakeningphysical and vital capacities and a low level of healthcare for rural students. These are the results released     

Introduction: Quality of Life of Chinese People in a Changing World

Asking clients to document their perceived quality of life during and after intervention is a popular approach employed by helping professionals to evaluate intervention programs. In the Project Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes (P.A.T.H.S.), students participating in the Experimental Implementation Phase and Full Implementation Phase were invited to write reflective journals in the form of weekly diaries to reveal their perceptions and feelings regarding the program and the perceived benefits of the program. Based on multiple studies, results showed that the respondents generally (a) had positive views on the program, (b) had positive views on the instructors, and (c) perceived that they had acquired competencies at the societal, familial, interpersonal and personal levels and their quality of life was promoted after joining the program. Acknowledging the limitations of diaries, the present qualitative findings provide support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.     

Causal Inference Between the Health Status and Living Arrangements of Elderly People in China

Social Indicators Research - This study investigates the causal relationship between health conditions and living arrangements of elderly people in contemporary China. The endogeneity between...     

儿子和女儿对高龄老人日常照料的比较研究

本文利用2002年中国老年人健康长寿调查数据,对比分析了在家庭中居住的高龄老人由儿子或女儿提供日常照料的可能性。研究发现,高龄老人的日常照料中存在明显的性别差异,高龄老年人有接受来自同性别子女帮助的倾向。     

健康干预对农村中老年人健康知识、态度和行为的影响

随着我国老龄化程度日益加深,中老年人将成为我国人口的重要组成部分,他们的健康状况需要给予特别关注,健康促进工作应该从中年人做起。为了探讨健康干预对农村中老年人健康知识、态度和行为的影响,本文采用2011年和2015年中日家庭保健项目数据,运用Logistic回归分析健康知识、态度和行为的影响因素,运用双重差分法计算健康干预项目的净效果。研究结果显示:接受健康干预后,农村中老年人的健康知识、态度观念以及行为表现等方面均发生了明显的改善。在控制其他变量的前提下,健康干预使中老年人对血压知识、糖尿病知识的知晓率分别提高了29.3%和20.3%,对定期检查身体和饮食营养搭配的认同概率分别提升了10.9%和19.1%,近期体检行为和参加体力劳动的概率分别提升了20.6%和7.9%。健康干预对受教育程度较高、自评健康状况较好、在婚状态的农村中老年人的健康知识、态度和行为的改善效果更佳。中老年人的健康干预项目符合健康中国2030的目标要求,是卫生计生部门整合的有益探索,能够改善农村中老年人的健康状况。在以后的健康干预项目中需要对中老年人进行有针对性的健康干预,不断提升中老年人的健康水平,保障他们晚年的生活质量。     

1978年以来中国三次产业从业人员受教育水平估计

本文的目的是为了解决目前在使用从业人员作为生产函数中劳动力投入的表征指标所存在的问题 ,设计出一个可行的方法重新估计三次产业中从业人员的各级受教育程度构成比例和从业人员的人力资本存量 ,为比较准确地分析三次产业的生产率和经济增长提供可靠的基础数据。