海清:"好媳妇"陷入"谍战风云"

海清,是<双面胶>里泼辣的丽娟、<蜗居>里节俭的海萍、<王贵与安娜>里娇纵的安娜、<媳妇的美好时代>里善良的毛豆豆,如今继<梅花档案>和<追捕>后,海清在热映的<黎明之前>中第三次参演谍战戏,在剧中扮演了潜伏在林永健身边的地下党顾晔佳.     

正邪两赋说与《红楼梦》的写情策略

贾雨村的正邪两赋说和秦可卿的卧室意象不仅昭示着<红楼梦>人物形象的谱系渊源,而且作为<红楼梦>的写情策略贯穿于整部小说的内在肌理中.大观园的世界也是一个正邪两赋的世界.在<红楼梦>的神道设教叙事策略中,秦可卿这个人物远远超越了道德层面,具有写意的特征,曹雪芹塑造这个人物时其关注焦点与其说是道德,不如说是生命本身.正邪两赋的历史谱系在小说中一直被当作贾宝玉和群钗情感世界的祖先和偶像,成为<红楼梦>情节设计和人物设计中的重要组成部分,用以展示大观园诸艳的情缘体验.<红楼梦>并不是一部通俗小说,而应该是一部抒情体小说.诗性叙事,是<红楼梦>叙事上的本质特征.     

由杜少卿形象解读吴敬梓

<儒林外史>是中国古代讽刺文学中最杰出的代表作,作品中塑造了许多典型人物,其中理想人物杜少卿对我们了解吴敬梓具有非常重要的参考价值.金和在其为<儒林外史>写的跋中明确指出:"书中杜少卿乃先生(按:指吴敬梓)自况".鲁迅先生在<中国小说史略>中也提出:"<儒林外史>所传人物,大都实有其人","杜少卿为作者自况".由此我们了解杜少卿这一形象是解读吴敬梓的关键所在,笔者拟由杜少卿形象解读吴敬梓.     

论《白色巨塔》人物塑造的悲剧性

日本作家山崎丰子在<白色巨塔>中塑造了一个悲剧人物.<白色巨塔>在描写手法、塑造人物的观念、悲剧性的冲突和人物形象中,都蕴含着悲剧因素.作品反映了日本现代社会特别是医学界的现实,反映了医院里的勾心斗角和医生对患者的恶劣态度,反映了现代医学中出现的新型医疗问题等.它在掀起巨大社会反响的同时,呼吁了社会对生命尊严的普遍尊重.它塑造了既单纯又十分复杂的财前医生这一悲剧人物.通过财前追逐名誉,道德低下,在生活上遇到种种毁灭性的打击这一盲目的求生意志的悲剧观念来塑造这一悲剧人物,通过教授会的争权夺势,平日的玩忽职守,法庭上固执己见:这三个悲剧性的冲突探测这一悲剧人物的人性.不仅如此,日本虽然具有高科技的设备、现代医疗技术以及超前的医疗条件,但也掩盖不了日本现代社会特别是医学界的问题,它必将对中国的医疗制度的改革具有启迪作用.     

陌生化——《梅丽迪安》的人物塑造

通过对艾丽斯·沃克长篇小说<梅丽迪安>中主要人物形象的解读,探讨了作者对传统人物的反传统塑造带给小说的陌生化效果,为作品的进一步研究提供了一种新的审美视角.     

《金瓶梅》对女性日常生活的描写及其意义

<金瓶梅>对于女性的书写,从传统的伦理道德与情爱神话中走出来,关注日常生活,对衣食住行、休闲娱乐等女性热衷的生活领域有相当的肯定与赞同,这些甚至与当下社会性别理论不谋而合.同时,又对扭曲的人性与人际关系进行生活化的透视与体察,在女性日常生活描写中展现女性的精彩.     

性别政治与女性时间

一、被剥夺的女性时间 性别作为一种权力关系,已经成为文化政治研究的一个重要层面.父权制下的性别政治实质上是男权政治,女性时间的缺席是性别政治的具体体现.丁玲的<"三八节"有感>为经岁月淘洗的中年女性画过群像,"她们的皮肤在开始有折皱,头发在稀少,生活的疲惫夺取她们的最后一点爱娇".这里的女性形象实际上体现了男权主义的性别政治.女性容颜随年龄发生的变化是自然使然,只有作为客体,"爱娇"才成为一种价值存在.人类早期的女神崇拜多突出女性的繁衍价值,女性容颜作为展示价值的意义源于男权统治带来的时间观念的变化.     

美女破国与丑女兴邦的二重奏——《列女传》的女性观及其文学表现

刘向所编的<列女传>体现的是美女破国和丑女兴邦的女性观,构成这两个主题的二重奏.美女破国理念在刘向之前就已经形成,刘向继承的是历史传统.而丑女兴邦理念,是到刘向那里才明确起来的.在表现上述理念的过程中,刘向注重对所涉人物进行形貌描写,较之<史记>等史传文学作品刻画得更为具体,尤其是对丑女形貌的渲染更为充分,兼用实笔和虚笔.刘向所编<列女传>的相关故事具有现实针对性,是对汉成帝的讽谏,类似题材在同时代扬雄的作品中也可以见到.     

颠覆与重构——论《呼啸山庄》的性别意识

<呼啸山庄>是展现英国维多利亚时代人物性剐关系和早期女性主叉意识的典型文本.以往的研究忽视了作品所蕴含的性别意识,事实上,与同时代女性作家的创作相比,<呼啸山庄>对传统的两性原则和父权意识进行了较为彻底的颠覆,展示了男女两性由原初的和谐到对立再到和谐的艰辛历程,且在解构的同时,力图建构一种新型、理想的两性关系,寄寓了作家对自然和谐的两性世界的向往与期盼.     

试论宫廷叙事作品中的帝王师

在当代文学宫廷叙事作品中,凌力的<少年天子>、二月河的<康熙大帝>、<雍正皇帝>等作品都有相当的笔墨塑造帝王师形象.<少年天子>中,帝王师汤若望教给皇上"科学、平等、博爱"等思想虽新鲜美好,却完全脱离中国社会现实,最终导致顺治在政治和爱情上双双幻灭.而作为中国传统士子,<康熙大帝>中的伍次有、<雍正皇帝>中的邬思道教给皇帝的不是平等而是专制,不是博爱而是杀戮,不是科学真理而是阴谋权术,结果两位皇帝双双大获全胜,成为一代英主.不同的帝王师给了帝王不同的影响,也反映出不同创作者对传统历史文化认识的差异,显示出作品思想价值的高下.     

性别模式与性别平等

引言 性别的平权化轰轰烈烈了将近两个世纪,无论是一轮高过一轮的西方女权运动,还是新中国建国后动用行政力量对男女不平等的干预,至少有一点是共同的,即人们都认为,性别不平等的罪魁祸首是传统的性别模式,只有打破它,才能实现男女平等.但是,无论西方还是我国,不仅性别平等问题难以得到根本解决(虽然在社会事实上性别平等已经大大提高),反而又产生了各种各样的问题,特别是使人们的性别角色认同和实践上发生了混乱.     

计算机游戏与性别关系——性别研究的新领域

随着计算机和网络技术的普及，计算机游戏正成为现代社会文化中一个不可忽视的组成部分。它不仅对青少年，而且对成年人也有着重要影响，尤其是对于性别角色期待、性别角色扮演以及性别刻板印象的强化或淡化方面更有着明显的影响。自20世纪90年代以来,计算机游戏的内容及其对于女性掌握数字技术的影响已成为国外一些学者关心的问题。     

对母亲社会性别的思考

在传统话语中，母亲指有德妇女，与伟大、善良、牺牲、慈爱相连；女人是小的、弱的、可被轻贱的、可生灾祸的，与色相连。母亲与女人通过“尊母”与“小女人”的表达方式被分离了，这种分离是创建女性话语的最大困难。     

性别隐匿的赛伯空间

新技术的出现总是会挑战现有的社会结构 ,因为它引入了新的社会关系准则 ;技术革新也会打断常规的发展进程 ,引发问题和困惑。如同电话、广播、电视等电子传播媒体的出现曾引起人们的广泛关注与讨论 ,将上述媒体统统变成传统媒体的因特网 ,更引起人们的关注和思索。关于因特网的神话很多 :匿名性、交互性、实时性、跨时空……。上述特征使得网上人们的行动方式与现实社会中互动大不相同。在基于性别互动的面对面（Ｆ２Ｆ）世界中 ,性别是影响人们的认知、态度和行为的一个重要因素。不幸的是 ,这些认识常常对妇女不利从而削弱了她们对社会的…     

Gender and Social Influence

This review article reveals that men are generally more influential than women, although the gender difference depends on several moderators. Relative to men, women are particularly less influential when using dominant forms of communication, whereas the male advantage in influence is reduced in domains that are traditionally associated with the female role and in group settings in which more than one woman or girl is present. Males in particular resist influence by women and girls more than females do, especially when influence agents employ highly competent styles of communication. Resistance to competent women can be reduced, however, when women temper their competence with displays of communality and warmth.     

Gender and the Internet

Objective. This article examines whether there are differences in men's and women's use of the Internet and whether any such gender gaps have changed in recent years. Methods. We use data from several surveys during the period 1997–2001 to show trends in Internet usage and to estimate regression models of Internet usage that control for individuals' socioeconomic characteristics. Results. Women were significantly less likely than men to use the Internet at all in the mid–1990s, but this gender gap in being online disappeared by 2000. However, once online, women remain less frequent and less intense users of the Internet. Conclusions. There is little reason for concern about sex inequalities in Internet access and usage now, but gender differences in frequency and intensity of Internet usage remain.     

Gender Justice or Just Gender? The Role of Gender in Sexual Assault Decisions at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia*

Objective. This article examines gender justice at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) by analyzing sexual assault cases and the impact that gender composition has on sentencing outcomes. Methods. We employ regression analysis to explain the impact of male and female jurists as decisionmakers and the subsequent outcomes rendered for victims. Results. We find that gender is a determinate factor in sentencing outcomes, and that female judges have a distinctive role that varies depending on the gender of the victim in the case. Conclusion. Contrary to criticisms that the ICTY has not provided justice for victims in sexual assault cases, we find support for the exact opposite. Sentencing disparities indicate that female jurists more severely sanction defendants who assault women, while all male panels of judges do the same for male victims.     

Gender similarities of social work managers

The purpose of this research was to determine if men and women social work administrators can be distinguished from one another by their work behaviors or their attitudes about work priorities. In addition, this prior question is addressed: To what degree is the state of knowledge in social work administration based on research that excludes women managers? Data from two independent samples of directors of hospital social work departments are examined as well as seven years of empirical research published in Administration in Social Work. The authors found that women and men social work managers are quite similar in their use of time and their perceptions of the priority of various organizational goals. Also, they found that the growing empirical research record is based on samples that consistently included women, and generally more than half of the samples are women. After offering an explanation of the findings, the authors propose a research agenda for those interested in social work administration.     

Ethnic Aspects of Gender Social Inequality

Egor Gaidar has just completed work on his book The State and Evolution. Analyzing the major trends in Russia's historical development, the author aims at a deeper understanding of what has happened to us in the recent past, which has been so stormy, of the precise point in our centuries-long journey at which we find ourselves, and of what is inscribed upon the milestone before which the wandering Russian knight stands once again, wondering: "Should I go left, or right?"