Catholicism, Job Security Regulations and Female Employment: A Micro-level Analysis of Esping-Andersen's Social Catholicism Thesis

This article explores the religious roots of job security regulations in Western democracies by putting Esping-Andersen's famous social Catholicism thesis to the test. Esping-Andersen argues that due to religious socialization, Catholics exhibit more conservative family values, i.e. they tend to support the male breadwinner model. To sustain this model of family organization, Catholics are expected to support job security regulations. These regulations have been described in the literature as important determinants of gender-segregated labour markets and low female employment rates. Data from this article show that while Catholics indeed support more conservative family models, so do Reformed Protestants and religious persons in general. Furthermore, no relationship between religious denomination and preferences for job security regulations can be observed. The analysis thus refutes Esping-Andersen's social Catholicism thesis.     

社会治安与社会和谐

本文论述了社会治安在构建和谐社会中的重要作用,分析了当前社会治安形势的特点及原因,提出了改善社会治安状况、促进和谐社会建设的对策建议。     

浅析我国农民工的社会保障问题

近年来,随着我国城镇社会保障制度改革的不断推进,农村进城务工人员的社会保障问题逐渐突显,如何搞好农民工的社会保障工作,保护这个庞大的弱势群体的利益,维护社会稳定和保证改革的顺利进行,就成为政府和社会所迫切需要解决的问题。本文从我国农民工社会保障的现状人手,深入剖析农民工社会保障缺失的原因,并在此基础上提出了解决农民工社会保障问题的若干建议和对策。     

农村社区公共服务与农村社会工作：需求与应答

农村社区公共服务的特性及发展现状要求加强农村社会工作建设。这一现状可以概括为：供给严重不足和供给效率低下。当前要真正做到为农民、农村提供有效的、有保障的、均等化的公共服务就必须进行制度创新。这个制度创新的核心内容在于建立真正的农民组织，使农民成为农村公共服务建设的主体。农村社会工作从价值观到工作目标、工作方法都有助于这一目标的达成，特别是在农村居民对公共服务的需求评估、培育社区居民的自我发展能力等方面。     

建立被害人社会保障制度的探析

因遭受犯罪行为侵害而成为孤、弱、病、残者,成为贫弱者的被害人不在少数。他们与其他接受社会保障支助的社会成员一样,都应该受到来自社会保障的支助。为此,应建立被害人社会保险制度和被害人社会救助制度,将慈善事业扩展到对被害人支助领域。     

Evaluating the Possible Impact of Pension Reforms on Elderly Poverty in Europe

Since the 1990s, reforms have changed substantially both the nature of state pension provision and the level of generosity. This article tries to assess the impact of these changes using estimates of pension wealth for a number of hypothetical cases. By focusing on all prospective pension transfers rather than just those at the point of retirement, this approach can provide additional insights, especially on the impact of changes in benefit indexation. These estimates corroborate existing evidence that reforms have decreased generosity significantly. Moves to link benefits to contributions have made systems less progressive, raising adequacy concerns for certain groups. The reforms have, in particular, strengthened the need of ensuring better access to labour markets, of having in place adequate crediting arrangements and minimum pensions.     

Social Exclusion and Poverty: Translating Social Capital into Accessible Resources

This article investigates the dynamic multi‐dimensional processes through which the poor become excluded from social participation. Drawing on social capital literature, it traces how bridging and bonding capital do not always translate into expected levels of social participation. It does so by detailing research findings from low income focus groups undertaken in Dunedin, New Zealand. These describe the experiences of group members in attempting to manage connections around employment, their own broader social participation or the participation of their children. In each case, the study highlights the difficulties of translation they experienced: in particular, translating available bridging or bonding capital into useful social, cultural or economic resources which could mitigate their social exclusion or enable fuller social participation.     

浅析社会保障覆盖面扩大面临的压力

我国现行社会保障社会化程度低、覆盖面窄的特点已经成为我国现今社会保障体制面临的最重要的问题之一。如何解决好扩大社会保障覆盖面的问题关系到社会主义市场经济的良性运行和社会公平的体现。但扩大社会保障覆盖面需要面临众多困难,任重而道远。     

社会性别意识下的农村流动妇女就业排斥研究

本文主要从社会性别意识的角度,结合目前农村女性外来务工者所受到的就业排斥现象,呈现对农村妇女就业进行排斥的主流性别意识,以及它如何使农村妇女对其进行内化而形成了自身的性别意识。重新审视现有的就业制度与主流性别意识之间的关系,关注农村流动妇女自身性别意识,有利于减轻并进一步消除农村流动妇女受到的就业排斥。     

社会保障立法与社会保障制度建设

我国在计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转换过程中建立的社会保障制度,目前尚存在内容不健全、法制化程度低、实施机制脆弱的不足.比较国外较为成熟的传统型、福利型、储蓄型三种社会保障制度模式,我们可以从中吸取经验,受到启发,进而建立具有中国特色的、保障面宽、保障程度适中的社会保障制度.为此目的,我们必须加强社会保障立法,既要健全社会保障法律体系,又要严格社会保障执行的法律监督.     

我国社会保障法律体制的现状与发展对策研究

社会保障制度作为社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分,被称为"社会安全网"和"社会减震器"。虽然我国社会保障法律体制现在已经基本建立起来了,但尚存在诸多问题。因而有必要在现有社会保障法律体制的基础上,进一步完善立法、执法与司法环节。建立与市场经济发展相适应的社会保障法律体制,使公民的社会保障权益得到充分地实现,从而促进社会保障制度的完善与和谐社会的发展。     

Demographic Transition,Developmentalism and Social Security in China

This article studies the current demographic transition in China and its implications on the country's social welfare reform, particularly its Old Age Social Security (OASS) development. The developmental approach is analyzed to examine how developmentalism affects China's social welfare reform. Reviewing the historical development of the OASS system after the 1980s, this article discusses the major issues and concerns under the current system and the challenges it faces for future development. Further studies are called upon to address these issues in order to build a financially sound and socially equitable welfare system in China.     

社会工作与农村社会工作的使命

从社会工作与农村社会工作发展的现状入手,论述了社会工作尤其是农村社会工作的基础、特征、使命,强调农村社会工作的实践性与反思性,在此基础上提出丰富本土社会工作知识,加强与国际社会工作的对话能力。     

Manageable Discord: Fraud and Resistance in the Social Security System

This article presents findings from a study of the attitudes and beliefs of social security claimants engaged in benefit fraud. The basis for a taxonomy of such claimants is outlined, drawing upon concepts of reflexivity and anxiety. This is compared and contrasted with other theoretically-drawn taxonomies, one relating to workplace crime, the other to the consumption of social care services. Finally, the article considers whether benefit fraud is intelligible as resistance to social control. It is argued that benefit fraud represents a conservative form of resistance. Benefit fraud does not signify a "culture" of resistance, so much as a "manageable" form of rule-breaking.     

反贫困与社会工作的介入

全面构建和谐社会,需要反思原来的反贫困政策。目前的反贫困,仍没有脱离传统的救济式反贫困理念的羁绊。克服反贫困政策的缺陷与不足,需要专业社会工作的介入。专业社会工作的介入,是修正与弥合目前社会救助制度弊端、提升贫困群体“自助”能力的重要举措。本文将全面分析社会工作介入反贫困的必要性以及社会工作在反贫困领域中的作用,希望引起人们对社会工作在反贫困行动中的功能的认识,在反贫困政策设计和具体实践中注意发挥专业社会工作的功能,以期从社会工作专业化的角度发现反贫困行动新的可能路径。     

Social Capital, Social Funds and Poor Communities: An Exploratory Analysis

Social capital has captured the attention of social policy-makers and development administrators, with its emphasis on social relationships, civic participation, collaborative action and norms of reciprocity. Social funds support small-scale community-based development projects aimed primarily at reducing poverty. This article synthesizes the relevant literature and explores the nexus between social capital and social funds in relation to poor communities. Drawing upon primary research in Jamaica, the article reports the outcomes of eight social fund sub-projects that involved local organizations in community-driven development processes. It analyses the role of social networks and the influence of community power structures in social capital creation. Social policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

Social Exclusion in Britain 1991—1995

The purpose of this paper is to offer a working definition of social exclusion and to operationalize it in such a way that an initial empirical analysis of social exclusion in Britain today can be undertaken. After a brief review of conceptions of social exclusion and some of the key controversies, we operationalize one definition based on the notion of participation in five types of activity—consumption, savings, production, political and social. Using the British Household Panel Survey, indicators for participation on these dimensions are developed and analysed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally for the period 1991–5. We find strong associations between an individual's participation (or lack of it) on the five different dimensions, and on each dimension over time. However, there is no distinct group of socially excluded individuals: few are excluded on all dimensions in any one year and even fewer experience multiple exclusion for the whole period. The results support the view that treating different dimensions of exclusion separately is preferable to thinking about social exclusion in terms of one homogeneous group.     

论我国当前社会保障法的价值取向

保障人的生存权与发展权是社会保障法的理论基石,该人文精神决定了公平是社会保障法的价值取向,而分配公平则是市场经济下社会保障法的现实的价值取向。作为中国这个正处于发展中的社会主义国家,我国无力去追求分配结果的绝对公平,只能以追求生存权利的公平为基本价值取向。权利公平体现在社会保障体系设置上,即应以社会救助为基础,社会保险为核心,全面构建社会保障法律制度体系。社会救助是社会保障的基础,是保障公民生存权的底线制度,构建城乡统一的社会救助法律制度,应该成为我国当前社会保障制度建设的首要任务。     

本建立健全农村社会保障体系的经验及其对我国的启示

农村社会保障是我国社会保障制度建设的薄弱环节,而日本作为一个高度重视农村社会保障体系建设的国家,一些成功的经验和做法,如：完善的养老保险制度、健全的法律制度、多层次的保障体系等,对我国都具有一定的借鉴和启示。     

Social Security Options for Informal Sector Workers in Emergent Economies and the Asia and Pacific Region

Does any form of social security make sense in emergent economies, such as those in Asia and the Pacific, where most of the labour force is involved in the informal sector? This article explores various options. Though there are structural obstacles, such as the increasing casualization of labour, the inability of low paid employees to save for the future and widespread corruption, the state is not devoid of policy opportunities. A bottom‐up approach engaging local community organizations to provide suitable security measures is one important option. However, this needs to be achieved in the context of a multifaceted approach to create an environment of decent work and training that increases individuals’ employability.