Beyond Financial Motivations in Crowdfunding: A Systematic Literature Review of Donations and Rewards

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - This study presents an interdisciplinary systematic review of the literature on donation-based and reward-based...     

The French Nonprofit Sector: A Literature Review

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations -     

Frontex: A Literature Review

Frontex is the EU agency in charge of managing the external borders of the European Union. Its budget and tasks have expanded dramatically since it was founded in 2004. Academic attention for Frontex has likewise increased. This article provides an overview of the existing literature on Frontex. In total, 72 articles were selected and analysed. Five dominant themes of research emerged from this review: Frontex’ activities, the agency’s characteristics, its operational effects, the issue of human rights and its position in the EU bureaucracy. Recurring debates and relevant findings in these research strands are reported. In the final section, a research agenda with recommendations for future studies is formulated.     

Homicide Arrest Clearances: A Review of the Literature

This is a review of the research literature on homicide arrest clearances or homicides for which no offender is arrested. The article describes the decline in the percent of homicides resulting in arrests and charges from over 90 pecent in 1960 to 61 percent in 2006. Research is reviewed on the reasons for the lack of public attention and concern and the low homicide clearance rates in the USA in comparison with other countries. Research on the extent to which homicides are uncleared because they involve low-status persons and those economically disadvantaged is compared with research suggesting that it is the characteristics of the homicide event that make clearance difficult. It seems that such factors as age, gender, and race/ethnicity play a role in whether the homicide is cleared by arrest. Characteristics of homicides that increase clearances include occurrence in private residences, domestic homicides, and homicide with weapons other than firearms. Research on what police can do to increase clearances is examined. Suggestions on how to increase access to information on how homicide investigations are carried out are also discussed.     

国际金融危机下的金融创新与金融监管

金融创新会对金融业和整个国民经济的发展起到极大的促进作用,但是金融创新是一把双刃剑,处理不好就会对金融业甚至国民经济造成极大的危害,因此就需要金融监管。本文主要阐述金融创新和金融监管的关系,它们是对立统一的关系,我国现有的金融监管的不完善之处,以及在金融危机的背景下,对金融监管提出的新挑战,并提出完善我国金融监管的对策。     

Child Sexual Abuse and the Media: A Literature Review

The media play an important role in practice, policy, and public perception of child sexual abuse, in part by the way in which news stories are framed. Child sexual abuse media coverage over the past 50 years can be divided into five time periods based on the types of stories that garnered news coverage and the ways in which public policy was changed. This systematic literature review of research on child sexual abuse media coverage across disciplines and geographic boundaries examines 16 studies published in the English language from 1995 to 2012. A seminal work is identified, citation network analysis is applied, and a framework model is developed.     

Arousal and Gambling Mode Preference: A Review of the Literature

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature examining subjective and physiological arousal associated with an individual’s preferred modes of gambling. Arousal is hypothesised to play a central role in the onset and maintenance of problem gambling. Most studies have failed to differentiate relevant patterns of arousal elicited by stimuli associated with preferred versus non-preferred modes of gambling on the assumption that similar processes motivate all gamblers. At the conceptual level, sub-typing theories of problem gambling propose differences in the motivation to gamble, and the associated role arousal plays in maintaining behaviours. A review of the existing literature reveals preliminary findings that indicate that gamblers respond differentially to preferred compared to non-preferred gambling stimuli, and that gamblers may display greater reactivity in arousal to gambling cues compared to non-gamblers. Understanding differences in such patterns of arousal can be used to inform clinical interventions by effectively targeting the nature and role of arousal associated with preferred modes of gambling, and determining the extent to which non-preferred modes act as secondary reinforces triggering by gambling urges.     

The Animal Rights Movement in Theory and Practice: A Review of the Sociological Literature

Traditionally, philosophers have had most to say about the ethics of our treatment of non‐human animals (hereafter animals); it is only in recent years that social scientists have engaged with issues concerning humans and other animals. However, in the sociological literature and more generally in the emerging field of Human–Animal Studies (HAS), evidence of interest in the animal protection movement is slight. This review of Eliasian theory, Marxist realism, feminism, ecofeminism, and social constructionist theory – along with key activist approaches to animal activism and advocacy – indicates the theoretical richness of the topic that is nonetheless empirically poor. The animal protection movement is referred to here simply as the animal movement or where appropriate, as one of its three strands – animal welfare, animal liberation and animal rights. The article concludes with a discussion of how social movement theory (the ‘why’) and practice (the ‘how’) might be enhanced by social movement scholars working in collaboration with animal activists.     

Social Alienation: A Review of Current Literature

In recent years considerable attention has been focused on delineation of the concept of alienation and on measurement of its relationship to modern social structure and function. This paper reviews the alienation literature, largely empirically oriented, for the last decade. Included with works of primarily theoretical and methodological importance are substantive studies of the relationships between the alienated individual and his social order. Suggestions for further research are given.     

Film in History Education: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

This article charts the ways in which film has been included in history education over time and the research that has accompanied this. Through an analysis of historical development, current strands of educational research are realigned according to Epstein’s theory of historical perspectives. Following this, the article presents a thorough critique of research on film in history education and suggests a path for future research based on an informed appreciation of the past.     

Experiencing Homelessness: A Review of Recent Literature

Homelessness holds a longstanding place on the sociological research agenda, and has become particularly prominent in sociological literature since the 1980s. Recent literature reviews have summarized this research, but have only briefly considered the body of work focused on the experience of homelessness. I use this literature review to provide a more complete summary of this work on the daily lives, activities, subcultures, social relationships and networks, and social interactions of homeless individuals. I then explore variations in these experiences across important characteristics – such as gender, race and ethnicity, family status, and sexual orientation – as well as within three particular contexts that have been studied by sociologists: the streets, shelters and other service organizations, and social movements and collective action. I also consider how the homeless encounter and manage stigma and salvage the self. In addition to reviewing this literature, I consider how this work contributes to sociological understandings more broadly, and potential future research directions.     

城市经济学发展历程研究综述

城市经济学（urban economic）是以城市这一独特的空间组织结构为研究对象的经济学科,与区域经济学（Regional Economics）、新经济地理学（newgeo graphyeconomic;）等学科同属于空间经济学（spatial economy）,与这些学科关系极为密切。在对城市经济学的形成历程、理论渊源、研究对象和与其他学科的关系进行回顾的基础上,最后对城市经济学的未来发展方向进行分析。     

Traumatic Stress and Homelessness: A Review of the Literature for Practitioners

Clinical Social Work Journal - A growing body of evidence connects traumatic stress and homelessness, which illustrates the importance of trauma and-resiliency-informed care (TIC) to appropriately...     

网络意见领袖:一个基于国内文献的述评

互联网改变了人们的生活方式,网络意见领袖群体迅速崛起,国内对其进行研究的文献也呈现出逐年增长的趋势。基于国内现有对网络意见领袖的研究成果,本文力图辨析这些理论和实践问题,借以提出若干研究趋势展望。当前,国内网络意见领袖研究多在理论层面,迫切需要建构科学可行的网络意见领袖影响力指标体系;草根成为意见领袖已是必然的趋势;对网络意见领袖道德层面、价值观层面等的研究仍需进一步提炼。     

Treatment of Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Review of the Literature

This article reviews the literature concerning the treatment of juvenile sex offenders, an area that has only recently begun to receive attention by researchers. This review considers the types and modalities of treatment methods available as well as the research supporting their efficacy. Special issues for therapists who work with juvenile sex offenders are also discussed. This review found that although there is a wide variety of treatment techniques available to treat juvenile sex offenders, very little research has been done to validate their efficacy. The need for controlled systematic research is noted.     

Divorce Insurance: Mitigating the Adjudication Period Financial Crisis

Divorce can subject both parties in a troubled marriage to one of the most emotionally and financially trying periods they will experience in their life. Much attention has been given toward life after divorce—either the decisions such as custody of children that will influence this, or the changed circumstances that both parties will find themselves facing. Yet the period from filing to final grant of a divorce poses additional challenges on top of the emotional uncertainties suffered during this period. Total household expenses might double or triple as a result of spouses seeking separate residences, legal bills, added travel, and other expenses forced by a divorce. At the same time, disruptions in one's personal life due to a divorce can disrupt job performance, and in certain situations, even make it difficult or impossible to work; household income can drop accordingly. This article proposes a workable insurance solution to alleviate this second lesser known challenge that a changed financial situation imposes on couples during the divorce adjudication period.