隐性就业与就业管理

本文对隐性就业劳动者和原单位、就业单位之间的经济关系和制度联系进行了综合性研究 ,认为隐性就业造成劳动关系和劳动过程分离 ,对宏观经济资源配置和劳动就业管理体制市场化、法制化具有消极影响。同时 ,本文结合当前实际 ,对解决隐性就业问题和完善劳动力市场体系提出若干可行的对策建议     

关于构建农民工社会保障体系的思考

作为边缘人口的农民工,他们既被城镇社会保障体系所排斥,又与传统意义上的农民存在着隔阂,其生活状况令人担忧。要保障农民工的基本生活权益,必须建立一套既针对农民工自身特点,又与城镇社会保障体系相联系的过渡性社会保障制度,以便为将来建立全国统一的社会保障体系提供实践经验。     

论工资上升对劳动者的激励与就业 --一个有别于凯恩斯就业理论的就业模型

文章认为,凯恩斯在货币工资富有刚性的假设下,通过提高价格水平、降低实际工资,解决非自愿失业问题的理论,只能在短期有效.于是提出工资上升-就业模型,即通过提高货币工资达到使劳动者感到实际工资上升、且能最大限度地激励劳动者的积极性,以提高劳动的边际产出率,增大厂商用于生产和经营的资本量.在用于生产和经营的资本数量的增加会提高厂商对劳动的需求下解决就业问题,则会长期有效.     

中国就业增长机理与后金融危机时期的就业促进

通过对1991-2007年就业状况的研究可以发现,中国的就业增长在宏观产业领域主要产生于非农产业,在微观经济单位主要产生于非公有制经济单位和非正规就业部门．而导致就业增长缓慢的根本原因在于片面追求经济增长、依靠投资拉动的经济发展模式。经济复苏并不一定能够带来相应的就业复苏．在经历全球金融危机之后技能不足所导致的结构性失业有可能成为我国失业的主要形式。为了促进经济复苏和经济发展方式转变．就业增长应成为宏观经济管理的优先目标,为此应在城乡统筹发展和区域协调发展、支持中小企业发展和个人创业、加强城乡一体化的职业教育培训体系建设等方面做出努力。     

Fragile Employment,Liquid Love: Employment Instability and Divorce in Israel

The study examines the relationship between the employment stability of first-marriage couples and risk of divorce in Israel. This research question is of particular interest owing to the centrality of the family in Israeli society, rising divorce rates, and increasing employment instability and “deregulation” of the labor market. We capture employment instability through two dimensions: the pattern of employment instability within couples and the continuity of each partner’s employment instability. We utilize this conceptualization to identify the link between employment instability and divorce, focusing on gender and socioeconomic resources. Data were from combined Israeli census files for 1995–2008, annual administrative employment records from the National Insurance Institute and the Tax Authority, and the Civil Registry of Divorce (N = 10,891 couples). Using a series of discrete-time event-history analysis models, findings indicate that husbands’ employment instability, especially when wives have stable employment, increases the risk of divorce; employment stability continuity has opposite gender effects on that risk; and the effect of employment instability on divorce remains significant after taking into account household economic resources. The findings reveal asymmetric gender patterns of the effect of employment instability on divorce, beyond the socioeconomic resources of the household.     

灵活就业形式对女性就业的影响及对策

本文在揭示中国灵活就业现状的基础上,着重分析了灵活就业的发展对女性就业的积极影响即:使女性有更多的就业机会;有利于女性竞争力的增强;促进了社区就业;缓解了女性家务与工作的矛盾等。而灵活就业的发展也同时带来女性职业不稳定、女性劳动报酬普遍偏低、女性社会保障水平偏低等负面影响。最后提出了大力发展灵活就业,制定有关法律、改革社会保障制度等应对措施。     

广东妇女就业状况分析

本文以广东省第二期全国妇女社会调查资料为依据,首先对广东妇女就业现状进行分析,以此为基础,探讨广东妇女就业过程中存在的一些具体问题,最后就解决妇女就业难的问题提出了自身的见解。     

关于拓宽就业渠道的几点思考

就业渠道是劳动者就业的职业、行业的可能去向和国家促进就业的政策、措施的统一。正确判断就业形势 ,适当降低劳动力参与率 ,推进就业的金融支撑体系的建设是拓宽就业渠道 ,缓解就业的总量矛盾和结构矛盾的科学选择     

迁入地就业容量与就业风险对劳动力流动的影响——以广东省为例

文章运用2001～2008年广东省的面板数据,考察就业容量和就业风险对劳动力流动的影响,发现迁入地经济发展创造的就业容量足够大时,劳动者为追求就业机会选择迁移就业;而迁入地的就业风险又会减少地区的吸引力,对劳动力流入有负作用。要实现劳动力平衡流动和平稳就业,就必须平衡发展地区经济以扩大总体就业容量、提供均等化公共服务和统筹社会保障以减少就业风险,减轻失业成本。     

区域从业人口的适度系数分析

适度人口理论是当代西方人口学说的重要组成部分。近年来 ,有些学者对这种理论提出了质疑 ,质疑的主要理由就是认为“适度人口”的概念模糊 ,难以度量 ,缺乏可操作性。的确 ,适度人口的定量分析一直是人口学中的一个难题 ,而没有定量研究的支持 ,适度人口理论就只能停留在纯理论的推演阶段 ,无法为社会实践服务。本文在借鉴以往适度人口定量研究的基础上 ,以合理就业为目标 ,从区域经济发展的角度对区域适度从业人口的定量分析进行了新的探索 ,并运用所得结论对贵州省的适度从业人口进行了实例分析     

劳动力就业的歧视问题探析

针对劳动力就业歧视现象 ,分析就业歧视产生的原因及其危害 ,提出解决就业歧视问题的一些建议。     

浅析我国非正规就业的发展与对策

转轨时期 ,就业一直是中国国民经济发展中的最大难题 ,非正规就业作为解决就业问题的新途径 ,必将成为我国就业政策的首选。文章着重介绍了非正规就业的理论、特点、正功能 ,参与群体和领域 ,并就相关问题提出了建议。     

关于我国妇女就业问题的思考

本文通过对我国 5 0年来妇女就业问题的回顾与理性思考 ,就未来在妇女就业问题上应采取的对策 ,提出建议     

Temporary Employment Contracts and Household Income

Social Indicators Research - It is widely accepted that temporary jobs tend to be associated with low pay which, in turn, will have negative consequences for household income. Evidence in support...     

What Does Non-standard Employment Look Like in the United States? An Empirical Typology of Employment Quality

Despite significant interest in the changing nature of employment as a critical social and economic challenge facing society—especially the decline in the so-called Standard Employment Relationship (SER) and rise in more insecure, precarious forms of employment—scholars have struggled to operationalize the multifaceted and heterogeneous nature of contemporary worker-employer relationships within empirical analyses. Here we investigate the character and distribution of employment relationships in the U.S., drawing on a representative sample of wage-earners and self-employed from the General Social Survey (2002–2018). We use the multidimensional construct of employment quality, which includes both contractual (e.g., wages, contract type) and relational (e.g., employee representation and participation) aspects of employment. We further employ a typological measurement approach, using latent class analysis, to explicitly examine how the multiple aspects of employment cluster together in modern labor markets. We present eight distinct employment types in the U.S., including one resembling the historical conception of the SER model (24% of the total workforce), and others representing various constellations of favorable and adverse employment features. These employment types are unevenly distributed across society, in terms of who works these jobs and where they are found in the labor market. Importantly, women, those with lower education, and younger workers are more likely to be in precarious forms of employment. More generally, our typology reveals limitations associated with binary conceptions of standard vs. non-standard employment, or insider–outsider dichotomies envisioned within dual labor market theories.

     

Employment deconcentration in the nonmetropolitan migration turnaround

Since 1970, metropo1itan-to-nonmetropo1itan migration has substantially exceeded the corresponding and historically greater stream of migrants from nonmetropolitan to metropolitan areas. Previous research has concentrated on the changes in retirement mobility, growth of recreation and tourism, and residential preferences responsible in part for the new trends in population distribution. Relatively less attention has been paid to the corresponding phenomenon of the deconcentration of persons who remain actively engaged in the labor force. This research uses data from the Continuous Work History Sample merged with a file of county characteristics to examine trends in location of employed workers from 1960 to 1975. The analyses document changes of county of employment that parallel the trends in general population mobility. The CWHS data show increased movement of employed workers out of the largest SMSAs and into the smaller SMSAs and into both adjacent and nonadjacent nonmetropolitan counties. These data also indicate that the rate of change is greatest for nonadjacent counties. Both increased metropolitan outmovement and decreased nonmetropolitan outmovement are significant in producing the observed net changes.     

Fertility,Employment, and Child-Care Costs

A sample of labor-market and birth histories is used to estimate the effects of child-care costs on employment and fertility decisions. A reduced-form empirical analysis is performed, which is based on hazard functions for transitions among various fertility--employment states. Higher child-care costs result in a lower birth rate for nonemployed women but not for employed women. Higher child-care costs also lead to an increase in the rate of leaving employment and a reduction in the rate of entering employment. The results suggest that potential behavioral effects of child-care subsidies could be significant and should be taken into account when alternative child-care policies are being debated.     

论我国的非正规就业问题

阐述非正规就业的基本概念、发展背景和关键问题,进而估算我国非正规就业的数量和发展潜力,分析现行国家政策与制度方面的问题,提出促进我国非正规就业合理发展的对策体系。     

影响中低层灵活就业群体实现就业的推拉因素分析——以3120名中低层灵活就业人员的调查为例

本文运用推拉理论对影响中低层灵活就业群体最终实现就业的因素进行分析.作者认为中低层灵活就业的实现是原行业的"推力"大于"拉力",而灵活就业"拉力"大于"推力"合力作用的结果.但由于个体就业意愿和就业环境因素对推力和拉力效应的制约,必须营造良好的制度环境,增大灵活就业的拉力作用.     

多维劳动力市场分割、大学生就业流动与就业空间拓展

遵循多维劳动力市场分割逻辑,面对我国大学生就业流动现实,从政府体制创新、高校突出创业教育、社会助推创业、就业信息共享平台打造、多元机制提升就业整合力等方面拓展大学生就业空间.