老年家庭照顾者的照料负担及支持体系研究

文章探讨在当前我国社会化养老初级阶段,家庭在老年照料中的不可替代角色及家庭照顾者的重要作用。借助于问卷调查收集数据资料,分析被照顾老年人的基本特征,探析作为主要照料者的家庭成员的照料负担、照料内容、希望得到的支持与帮助;并探寻从经济支持、替代性照顾服务、心理支持、培训服务等方面构建以家庭照顾者需求为导向的支持体系。     

以人为本发展社会化养老服务事业

老龄社会呼唤养老社会化服务 我国已经进入老龄社会，一方面老年人的生活照料需求增多，另一方面家庭照料资源减少，如何解决这一对矛盾，已引起全社会的关注。     

大力发展社区照料服务

长期以来,我国实行以家庭养老为主的养老模式,但随着计划生育基本国策的实施,以及经济社会的转型,家庭规模日益小型化,“4—2-1”家庭结构日益普遍,空巢家庭不断增多。家庭规模的缩小和结构变化使其养老功能不断弱化,传统养老方式难以为继,必须拓展社会化养老服务。其中,社区照料由于能够使老年人在自己熟悉的社区生活环境中享受便捷、专业的服务,兼具家庭养老和机构养老的优势而受到老年人和家庭成员的欢迎。     

养老服务与照料体系建设的探索和实践——以上海市嘉定区为例

本文所论述的“养老服务与照料体系建设”主要是从一个地区民政部门层面，尝试解决区域机构养老发展、管理和满足需求之思考和实践。居家养老服务方面由于开展的时间不长，社会化、市场化发展尚未成熟完善，故未能更多涉及。嘉定区养老服务与照料体系探索和实践自2004年起已经历了4年时间，遇到了历史最好时期，得到党和政府有力的支持，取得了初步成效。     

民间资本怎样参与社会养老

养老是全社会的责任，是社会保障的重要内容，由政府包办社会养老的模式已经力不从心。无论是养老的社会需求，还是政府的财力支持，都需要一个多元化、社会化的养老服务系统。引进民间资本参与社会养老，建设数量更多的养老服务设施，组织提供质量更优质的专业化家政服务、护理与个人生活照料、医疗康复等养老服务，全面推动社会养老行业的快速发展，也是解决养老问题的有效道路。     

农村女儿养老支持力研究

养老是一项关系国计民生的重要工程,关系到整个社会的和谐与稳定。基于豫东A村的调查发现,随着农村大量男性青壮年向城市大规模的流动和女性自主意识的提高,农村儿子养老力量有所弱化,女儿养老的能力和养老意愿不断增强。女儿对父母的经济支持、生活照料、精神支持等方面的支持力作用愈发显著,女儿在家庭养老方面的重要性愈发显现,在农村老人晚年生活保障方面起着非常重要的作用。     

我国养老产业的发展趋势探析

由于中国人口老龄化发展的长期趋势,加上子女流动性增大、空巢老人增加,可以预期机构养老、老年人照料护理的需求将会长期大幅增长。养老服务业发展的一个显著特点是社会化养老机构发展比较快,民办养老机构已成为养老服务的一支重要力量。     

以“大人口”观念探索居家养老服务模式

2007年,太原市人口和计划生育委员会率先实施居家养老服务试点工作,在构建以居家养老为基础、社区服务为依托、机构照料为补充的养老服务体系方面进行了积极探索,受到了社会各界和广大群众的欢迎,有力地推动了太原市养老服务社会化的进程。     

辽宁4年内15万人实现居家养老

据悉,辽宁将构建覆盖全省城乡的老年人家庭自我照料、社区居家养老服务与机构养老服务为一体的基本养老服务体系,力争4年内让15万老人实现居家养老。     

加大“五个力度”解决民办养老机构“三少”、“四个不足”——对湖北省襄阳市民办养老机构建设的调查与思考

民办养老机构是养老服务体系建设的重要组成部分,发展潜力、后劲、空间巨大,具有不可替代的重要作用.随着我国大力推进养老服务社会化,努力构筑以居家养老为基础、社区照料为依托、机构养老为补充的养老服务体系,给民办养老机构带来了历史性的机遇.据调查,近年来,湖北省襄阳市民办养老机构有了长足发展,全市民办养老机构已达36家,拥有床位1350张,但按照养老服务社会化的要求,远远满足不了社会养老需求,还存在着“三少”、“四个不足”的现状和问题,建议加大“五个力度”,为推进养老服务社会化发挥重要支撑作用.     

Home Care

The utility of examining the effectiveness of home care is illustrated by selected examples and applications. The growth rate of home care over the past decade, regarding the possibly substantial differenccs between the quality of home care in rural and urban America, and empirical evidence that suggests inferior quality of home care for health maintenance organization patients support the need for measuring and monitoring outcomes of home care. The conclusions of a research program targeted at developing a system of outcome measures for home care, and the resulting national demonstration program to implement and refine that system, are summarized.     

Long-Term Care

This study examines the redistributive effects of public pensions on old-age income inequality, testing whether public pensions function as the “great equalizer.” Unlike the well-known alleviating effect of public pensions on old-age poverty, the effects of public pensions on old-age income inequality more generally have been less examined, particularly outside Western countries. Using repeated cross-sectional data of elderly Koreans between 1998 and 2010, we applied Gini coefficient decomposition to measure the impact of various income sources on old-age inequality, particularly focusing on public pensions. Our findings show that, contrary to expectations, public pension benefits have inequality-intensifying effects on old-age income in Korea, even countervailing the alleviating effects of public assistance. This rather surprising result is due to the specific institutional context of the Korean public pension system and suggests that the “structuring” of welfare policies could be as important as their expansion for the elderly, particularly for developing welfare states.     

Administrators and Quality of Care in Long-Term Care Facilities

This exploratory study investigated administrator and facility-related predictors of quality of care in long-term care facilities. Quality was measured using several unmet standards of care identified in the last inspection report of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (2007). Supplemental data were gathered from surveys mailed to all 602 long-term care administrators in Ontario, Canada, 302 of whom completed the questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test sets of hypotheses linking characteristics of administrators and those of the long-term care facility to quality of care. Education and experience as an administrator in a participant's current position had a moderate positive influence on quality of care; however, negative associations were found between administrator salary and effort devoted to resident care problems and quality of care. In addition, smaller facilities, being located in less populated communities, and administrators with a nursing background significantly affected quality of care in a positive manner.     

Conversations of Care: A Narrative Review of Collaborative Care Systems for Foster and Kinship Care

This paper reviews the literature on human relational factors and their impact on complex care systems for a highly vulnerable population of children and young people in out‐of‐home care (OOHC). Factors contributing to the functioning of collaborative OOHC systems are reviewed from theoretical and contextual perspectives. The authors posit that secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma are central to understanding the impact of relational trauma and the experience of individuals, families, teams, and the wider ecology of collaborative care systems. Given the challenges of working collaboratively across interpersonal, family, and systems boundaries to support traumatised children in OOHC, further research is required.     

Continuing/Life Care Facilities and the Continuum of Care

The proliferation of continuing/life care facilities in the United States in recent years holds the promise of providing retirees with a full continuum of care. This survey of continuing/life care facilities in the state of Florida was undertaken to ascertain if they indeed were providing the services necessary to fulfill this promise. The results indicate that only a small percentage of continuing/life care facilities offer all the services the authors believe necessary for a full continuum of care, with shelter care being the least frequently offered service.