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1.
An Index of Child Well-being in the European Union 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
While the living conditions of children and young people in the European Union have gained increasing recognition across the
EU, the well-being of children is not monitored on the European level. Based on a rights-based, multi-dimensional understanding
of child well-being we analyse data already available for the EU 25, using series data as well as comparative surveys of children
and young people. We compare the performance of EU Member States on eight clusters with 23 domains and 51 indicators and give
a picture of children’s overall well-being in the European Union. The clusters are children’s material situation, housing,
health, subjective well-being, education, children’s relationships, civic participation and risk and safety. 相似文献
2.
Asher Ben-Arieh John Gal Lenna Nepomnyaschy Irwin Garfinkel 《Social indicators research》2007,80(1):223-248
This article presents a comparative study in which social indicators were employed as a means to examine differences in living
conditions and family and children outcomes on a local level. The study obtained household-level data on the well-being of
children and families in two cities: New York (NYC) and Tel Aviv (TLV). Data were collected using computer assisted telephone
interview (CATI) technology and random digit dialing (RDD). Telephone interviews were conducted with the randomly selected
adults in English, Spanish and Chinese in NYC and in Hebrew in TLV. The study reported here documented differences in family
and child well-being between the two cities. It further documented that family size and caregiver level of education play
a similar role in both cities and their importance in regard to child and family outcomes. The significant differences found
in adults’ and especially children’s outcomes were analyzed by the caregiver’s level of education and further support the
need for policies that alleviate the burden of less educated caregivers and aim to improve the well-being of them and their
families. The study demonstrates the relevance of social indicators at the local level, not only for measuring outcomes among
specific populations, but also in regard to their possible implications for social policies, a most timely task in an era
of social services devolution. 相似文献
3.
Self-Reported Fears as Indicators of Young Children’s Well-Being in Societal Change: A Cross-Cultural Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Merle Taimalu Anja Riitta Lahikainen Piia Korhonen Inger Kraav 《Social indicators research》2007,80(1):51-78
Our main interest in this paper is in studying children’s well-being by using children themselves as informants and fear as
an indicator of insecurity from cross-cultural and longitudinal perspectives. More specifically our paper documents the changes
in the content and prevalence of children’s fears in two neighboring countries, Finland and Estonia, during the last decade.
The study was carried out in 1993 and replicated in 2002/2003 in both countries with the random samples of total number of
420 five to six-year-old children (in Estonia 115 in 1993 and 91 in 2002; in Finland 105 and 109, respectively). For both
countries the decade in question was a period of social, political and economic transition including post-socialist transformation
in Estonia. Especially informationalization and globalization had a profound impact on the everyday life of parents and children.
The increase of insecurity among children in both countries was expected. Children’s fears were investigated by means of an
individual semi-structured and picture-aided interview. The most important findings are: the prevalence of children’s self-reported
fears has generally increased during the ten years, especially among the Estonian children. The most significant increase
was observed in both countries in fears of imagination-related things including television-related fears, fears of imagined
creatures and of nightmares parallel to children’s increased media-exposure in daily life. Despite the increase of␣general
welfare in both countries our results suggest the opposite tendency among young children; decrease of safety and increase
of insecurity. The level of children’s insecurity was higher in Estonian than in Finland at both times. It is noteworthy that
some fears of young children are ‚universal’ (fear of getting lost, fear of darkness, fear of being alone), while some fears
are more context dependent (television-induced fears, fear of strange people). Young children proved to be competent informants
of their condition and well able to provide essential and invaluable information about their problems and well-being.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
4.
Laura H. Lippman 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):39-53
This paper traces the history of indicators and indices of child well-being from its origins in the social indicator movement
of the 1970s through recent developments in the field. Initial work calling for comprehensive sets of indicators of child
well-being and later recommendations for indicator improvement are detailed. Products that resulted from these recommendations,
such as comprehensive indicator reports and online resources are described. The development of child well-being indices is
shown to parallel the history of indicators. The contributions of state and international indicator and index projects are
included as well. Important aspects of child well-being indicator development are uncovered through documenting its history,
including the need to focus on subjective as well as objective measures of well-being, and the need to develop indicators
for the multiple ecological contexts of children’s lives, but to separate measures of context from measures of child outcomes.
A rough consensus emerges across the history of indicator efforts on the critical domains of child well-being: physical, psychological,
cognitive, social, and economic well-being. Recent recognition of the importance of indicators of positive development is
noted.
This paper was funded by the KIDS COUNT project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation. 相似文献
5.
Daniel F. Neff 《Social indicators research》2007,80(2):313-341
South Africa has one of the highest inequality levels in the world. In 1993, nearly half of the population were considered
poor. These poverty and inequality levels were and still are a legacy of South Africa’s colonial and apartheid past. Since
the end of apartheid, there has been a strong governmental effort to combat poverty and in this light a ‘social indicators
movement’ has emerged. The aim of this article is to contribute to the South African social indicators research in three ways:
Firstly, this article introduces ethnicity as a unit of analysis in the context of poverty and well-being. It is argued that
racial categorisations are not justifiable and in the case of South Africa hide valuable insights. The results of an exploratory
analysis suggest that ethnicity allows a more insightful analysis of poverty and well-being than race. Secondly, this article
introduces a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) in the context of subjective well-being research. Many studies regarding
subjective well-being in South Africa use ordered probit regression models. It is argued here that these models are based
on false assumptions and that a MCA can be seen as a suitable alternative since it constitutes an assumption free model. Lastly,
the insights gained from the exploratory analysis are discussed. The MCA seems to show that subjective well-being can be regarded
as an outcome measure. Furthermore, it is argued that there are cultural differences (between the ethnic groups) regarding
subjective well-being. It seems that the ethnic groups in South Africa have different conceptions of well-being and that different
factors influence their subjective well-being assessments.
This work is partly based on a Master thesis from 2004 at the Institute for Development Policy and Management at the University
of Manchester. I am grateful for the intellectual guidance, the constant support and encouragement by Wendy Olsen and for
the comments on earlier drafts from Peter Edward, David A. Clark and two anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
6.
One way of making the capability approach (CA) operational uses fuzzy poverty measures. In this paper, we present a new approach
to applying these measures in the South African context using responses to a questionnaire on ‘The Essentials of Life’ in
conjunction with a methodology for dealing with the vagueness of poverty. Our results suggest very low cut-offs for people or households to classify as definitely poor for some social indicators. These cut-offs are far lower
than those Klasen used in his application of the CA. The attempt to apply the CA using Cheli and Lemmi’s ‘totally fuzzy and
relative’ poverty measure in conjunction with our approach to specifying cut-offs can lead to incoherence. This measure can, nonetheless, be useful when social indicators have a ‘relativist component’. While the Cerioli and Zani
measure does not lead to such incoherence, it also has a serious weakness. 相似文献
7.
Neil T. Higgs 《Social indicators research》2007,81(2):331-356
South Africa has a Gini co-efficient of 62, one of the world’s highest (Finmark: Project FinScope 2004 and 2005, FinMark Trust, Johannesburg). Hence, measures of wealth are ubiquitous social indicators in South Africa. However, a growing emphasis in government towards measurable service delivery targets and remedial action to redress the inequalities of our past makes the reliable measurement of people’s quality of life in greater depth in quantitative terms an imperative.We have developed a simple framework to measure people’s quality of life in key domains that extend beyond that simply of wealth, using composite indices to allow progress to be tracked and to make valid comparisons across our diverse population. Termed the Everyday Quality of Life Index (EQLi), it comprises a suite of measures encompassing socio-economic status (with special reference to poverty), urbanisation, health (nutrition, exercise and fitness), stress/pressure, quality of the environment, satisfaction of human needs, connectivity, optimism, subjective well-being (happiness, after Diener and Lucas: 2000, in M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland (eds.), Handbook of Emotions. (2nd ed) (Guilford, New York)), and the overall measure of well-being, the EQLi itself.The initial framework was developed from a structured questionnaire administered to a probability sample of 2000 South African adults in 2002. From this, a 52-item shortlist was derived to create the series of measures. This has been tested and refined in three subsequent annual studies, each of 3500 people across urban and rural South Africa. In 2004, items involving work as well as determining the balance of skills and challenges at work using the concept of “flow” (Csikszentmihalyi: 1990, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (Harper and Row, New York)) were added.This paper outlines the rationale behind the selection and development of these measures, describes the EQL of South Africans using these and other key measures and concludes with implications for policy-makers and service providers in South Africa. Some marketing implications are also given: there is a growing emphasis worldwide on corporate social investment initiatives and, particularly in South Africa, on community upliftment and development – poverty alleviation and improving the lives of the disadvantaged (“people” rather than “consumers”). Further, people’s well-being affects how they react to marketing activities. 相似文献
8.
Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in the Measurement of Rural Poverty: The Case of Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Poverty reduction is one of the major challenges confronting mankind and a principal obstacle to well-being for a large proportion
of the world’s population. New paradigms of development as advocated by Chambers and others focus strongly on poverty reduction.
Poverty is increasingly recognised as a multifaceted concept that can be elucidated through both qualitative and quantitative
analysis. In researching poverty it is desirable to recognise both the value position of researchers and the values of local
people. This paper uses qualitative and quantitative data and considers both outsiders’ and insiders’ views through the use
of participatory approaches in selected rural areas of Iran. A poverty index is constructed and validated in a six-stage process.
On the basis of the findings, a number of recommendations are made about appropriate approaches to the investigation of poverty. 相似文献
9.
Recently, the first ever estimate of the number of children living poverty in developing countries was undertaken. The incidence
of child poverty was estimated by establishing how many children suffer severe deprivation in at least one out of seven indicators
which are internationally recognized as their rights as well as constitutive of poverty. This is a major step forward in the
analysis of poverty. In this paper, we generalize these findings on the incidence of children living in poverty by exploring
how to estimate the depth and severity of child poverty.
Two countries can have the same proportion of children living in poverty, however, the actual plight of children could be
very different depending on how many deprivations, on average, children suffer. In addition, even if they suffer from the
same average number of deprivations, these deprivation could be the same for all children or be very unevenly distributed.
We show how these considerations can be used to estimate the depth and severity of poverty. We use regional data to provide
applied examples of this methodology.
The method proposed in this paper is similar to the one used to estimate the incidence, depth and severity of income poverty.
The paper also offers some possible generalizations and ways forward for future research. 相似文献
10.
Individuals can be money poor, time poor or both. While income is the most used indicator of poverty, broader indexes including
non-monetary aspects of deprivation have been proposed and measured. As one such measure, our study focuses on the element
of deprivation arising from the time deficit of many working people. The usual poverty threshold is calculated as the amount
of income to buy the minimum required goods and services from the market. This minimum required purchase is greater for these
people since they have less time than the average person to produce some goods and services for themselves at home. So, they
need money to buy these in the market in order to maintain the same consumption. The income standard must be supplemented
to adequately measure actual poverty.
Time use data make it possible to establish time requirements and time availability and provide a measure of time poverty.
Using Canadian GSS 1998 data, and building on the work of Vickery (1977, ‚The time poor: A new look at poverty’, The Journal
of Human Resources 12(1), pp. 27-48) and of Douthitt (1993, ‚The inclusion of time availability in Canadian poverty measures’,
Time-Use Methodology: Toward Consensus (ISTAT, Roma), pp. 83–91), and our own previous study, we estimate time-adjusted poverty
thresholds and rates for single and dual parent Canadian families. As expected, we have found high incidence of time deficit
among the employed single parents with children. We make a case for the acceptance of a redefined poverty standard for such
time-deprived groups. 相似文献
11.
Happiness functions with preference interdependence and heterogeneity: the case of altruism within the family 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study investigates the prevalence and extent of altruism by examining the relationship between parents’ and their adult
children’s subjective well-being in a data set extracted from the German Socio-Economic Panel. To segregate the share of parents
with altruistic preferences from those who are selfish, we estimate a finite mixture regression model. We control for various
sources of potential bias by taking advantage of the data’s panel structure. To validate our modeling approach, we show that
predicted altruists indeed make higher average transfer payments.
相似文献
12.
Lara Ayala-Nunes Lucía Jiménez Saul Jesus Cristina Nunes Victoria Hidalgo 《Social indicators research》2018,140(2):811-836
Despite its social, political and economic relevance, child well-being remains a challenging construct to define and measure accurately. This holds true especially for children growing up in at-risk families, where their development is hindered by many adverse circumstances. Typically, the well-being of child welfare (CW) referred children has been conceptualized as the absence of negative outcomes, and the study of its determinants has been limited to children’s micro-systems. In this study, we aimed to obtain a suitable indicator of child well-being and to test a model of the determinants of CW referred children’s well-being including parental, family and wider contextual variables. The sample included 249 parents and 46 case managers from Portuguese and Spanish CW services. A three-domain solution from selected items of the Child Well-Being Scales (Physical, Academic and Socioemotional) was tested and confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results of structural equation modeling for each domain revealed that risk factors nested in the wider context and those related to material disadvantage were the most powerful predictors of physical well-being, while parenting and family functioning variables predicted better both academic and socio-emotional well-being. Our findings suggest that different risk and protective factors matter for different outcomes and that most of these factors are associated with each other. Therefore, interventions with at-risk children must take this specificity into account when targeting each domain of well-being, and efforts could be allocated to a few modifiable dimensions, which would in turn positively affect other parental and family factors. 相似文献
13.
This paper starting point is the dynamic changes and shifts in the field of measuring and monitoring children’s well being.
In the paper we focus on one specific change – the “new” role of children in measuring and monitoring their own well being
– a role of active participants rather then of subjects for research. We then turn to present based on a sequence of arguments
and findings what role children should carry in measuring and monitoring their well being. Followed by a presentation of five
possible roles for children involvement in such studies and in regard to the specific roles existing knowledge from various
studies and suggested directions for future research are presented. The danger of children’s involvement is such studies are
then discussed followed by a presentation of what do children think on this all issue. Finally we conclude that the potential
involved in children’s involvement is much greater then the hazards. 相似文献
14.
Theorizing indicators 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ivar Frønes 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):5-23
Policymakers and social theorists have increasingly come to rely on social indicators to guide their decisions and theories.
Social indicators are also useful in bridging theory and empirical research as well as the traditional gap between policymaking
and social theory. The concept of social indicators covers interpretation of cultural signs, simple statistical measures,
and complex statistical indexes related to sets of domains. The article views the development of child well-being indicators
as central not only in the social welfare field, but as an indicator of future societal conditions, given that children’s
lives are especially sensitive to social change. The paper addresses the development of indicators of children’s well-being,
arguing that the expansion of the field, the complexity of new domains and indicators, and the position of children as “being”
and “becoming”, they are citizens of the present as well as being socialized for the future, illustrates that the next crucial
step for the field is to further elaborate theories and models. 相似文献
15.
Children Living Without Their Fathers: Population Estimates and Indicators of Educational Well-being
Matthew DeBell 《Social indicators research》2008,87(3):427-443
This paper estimates the number of American children in grades K–12 who live without their biological fathers and examines
the association of absent-father status with children’s well-being. The 2003 Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey
of the National Household Education Surveys Program (n = 12,426) shows that 28% percent of White students, 39% of Hispanic students, 69% of Black students, and 36% overall live
without their fathers. In bivariate comparisons, absent-father status is associated with reduced well-being: worse health,
lower academic achievement, worse educational experiences, and less parental involvement in school activities. When socio-economic
factors are controlled, father-absence is associated with small deficits of well-being. The findings suggest that the conventional
wisdom may exaggerate the detrimental effects of father absence. 相似文献
16.
Martin Guhn Bruno D. Zumbo Magdalena Janus Clyde Hertzman 《Social indicators research》2011,103(2):183-191
This paper delineates general validity and research questions that are underlying an ongoing program of research pertaining
to the Early Development Instrument (EDI, Janus and Offord 2007), a population-level measure, on which teachers rate kindergarten children’s developmental outcomes in the social, emotional,
physical, cognitive, and communicative domains. It describes the large-scale research projects that are using the EDI to measure
children’s developmental outcomes for entire populations (e.g., provinces, cities). Given the uniqueness of the EDI’s use
as monitoring tool, or social indicator, for children’s developmental health at an early age, we spell out the opportunities
and challenges that these projects provide with regard to validation research. The article sets the stage for the special
issue, as it is dedicated to showcase the different aspects of the conceptual, theoretical, and empirical validation research
as well as the collaborative community-based projects that are currently being undertaken with respect to the EDI. 相似文献
17.
Measuring trends in child well-being: an evidence-based approach 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Kenneth C. Land Vicki L. Lamb Sarah O. Meadows Ashley Taylor 《Social indicators research》2007,80(1):105-132
This paper first reviews the goals of the founding documents of the social indicators and quality-of-life movements of the
1960s and 1970s. It next describes the current state of knowledge with respect to the founding goals of this field. The focus
then turns to the topic of measuring changes in child and youth well-being in the United States over the past few decades.
In particular, the evidence-based approach used in the construction of the recently developed composite Child and Youth Well-Being
Index (CWI) is described. Some findings from the CWI regarding changes in child and youth well-being in the period 1975–2004
are reported. Trends in the CWI then are compared with data on trends in subjective well-being of high school seniors – similarities
of trends in these two series provide validating support for the interpretation of the CWI as an index of changes in the quality-of-life
of children and youth. Using data on some additional indicator series, most of which were initiated in the 1990s, an Expanded
CWI is then described. The qualitative pattern of change in the expanded CWI is shown to be similar to that of the basic CWI,
except that the expanded CWI shows a more pronounced decline in the early-1990s and a slower rate of improvement into the
early-2000s. The paper concludes with some possible directions for future work.
Revision of a paper presented at the Measuring Child Well-Being: The Pros and Cons of Composite Indices Session, American
Statistical Association Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, August 7–11, 2005. We thank Kristin Moore for useful comments. The
research on the Child and Youth Well-Being Index reported herein was supported by a grant from the Foundation for Child Development. 相似文献
18.
Longitudinal indicators are measures of an individual or family behavior, interaction, attitude, or value that are assessed
consistently or comparably across multiple points in time and cumulated over time. Examples include the percentage of time
a family lived in poverty or the proportion of childhood a person lived in a single-parent family. Longitudinal indicators
reflect exposure not at a “snapshot” moment but over the lifecourse and may also be more reliable assessments of the family
environment or experience. We highlight potential longitudinal indicators and discuss methodological issues. 相似文献
19.
Poverty in Ireland in Comparative European Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we seek to put Irish poverty rates in a comparative European context. We do so in a context whereby the Irish
economic boom and EU enlargement have led to increasing reservations being expressed regarding rates deriving from the EU
‘at risk of poverty’ indicator. Our comparative analysis reports findings for both overall levels of poverty and variation
by household reference person characteristics for this indicator and a consistent poverty measure for Ireland, the UK and
five smaller European countries spanning a range of welfare regimes. Our findings demonstrate that the distinctiveness of
Ireland’s situation lies not in the overall levels of poverty per se but in the very high penalties associated with being
in a household where the household reference person is a lone parent or excluded from the labour market. 相似文献
20.
Child poverty has been widely discussed in Germany since the publication of the third official Poverty and Wealth Report of
the German government in 2008 which—inter alia—focused on the situation of children and families. However, child poverty is
not only caused by low household incomes and impacts of child poverty are not only restricted to financial consequences. The
capability approach takes into account this multidimensionality of well-being and poverty of children. It conceptualizes human
well-being as not only depending on financial means but also gives the same importance to the personal and social conversion
factors which determine how far financial means can be converted into personal well-being. Before 2008 the capability approach
had only been applied to the well-being of adults in Germany, but not specifically to the well-being of children. However,
there are several reasons why a capability analysis for children will differ from a capability analysis for adults. Adults’
capability sets comprise dimensions that are less relevant for small children while other valuable capabilities have to be
added. Furthermore the capability set depends to a large extent on the age of the child. The paper focuses on a multidimensional
poverty analysis in the capability perspective of 5–6 years old children. In the domains of “Education/Leisure”, “Health”,
“Social Participation” and “Income” child poverty is measured by predefined indicators. The relationship to the social and
personal conversion factors of the caretakers is then evaluated. Additionally, a multidimensional poverty measure is analyzed. 相似文献