向现代化迈进——呼伦贝尔草原育肥牛基地见闻

新情况下的新问题美丽富饶的呼伦贝尔草原,被人誉作内蒙古草原上的一颗“明珠”,她同北美草原和中亚草原并驱,为世界最丰美的三大草原之一。党的十一届三中全会以后,呼盟牧区实行了生产体制的改革,推行了“畜草双承包”责任制,解决了长期以来牧业生产劳动和收益分配上“吃大锅饭”的弊端,把牧业经营同牧民切身的责、权、利紧密联系起来,从而大大地调动了牧民管护和建设草原,     

城镇化:西部民族地区草原牧区可持续发展的必由之路--阿克塞县草原牧区可持续发展模式调研报告

文章以阿克塞县实现城镇化模式的调查资料为背景 ,探讨了草原牧区城镇化的必要性、城镇化的模式、城镇化的意义以及实施城镇化需要思考的几个问题。认为 ,牧业自然村的“解体” ,是草原牧区“有增长而无发展”的根本原因 ,解决这一问题的基本途径是草原牧区必须实现城镇化战略。城镇化是草原牧区可持续发展的必由之路 ,对民族地区特别是草原牧区的发展具有划时代的“革命”意义。     

关于草原畜牧业问题的文化人类学透视——以内蒙古为例

本文以内蒙古为例，从文化人类学角度，在对一些历史和现实的资料分析中阐述了草原牧业的环境问题；人——畜——草三者间的适应问题；技术与生产间的关系问题等，并就其产生的背景与根源进行了文化上的剖析，指出解决草原畜牧业问题必须走出单纯的经济学领域，只有全面、合理地认识事物的总体形象，才能找出适合草原畜牧业发展的正确道路     

西部民族地区草原治理难题的破解之道：一个“制度—生活”的分析框架——基于S省H村的田野调查

生态文明建设是实现高质量发展的重要方向和重大任务,在中国式现代化中占据着重要地位。草原环境治理是新时代生态文明建设的内在构成要素。通过对S省H村的田野调查,引入“制度—生活”的分析框架,立足于制度与生活互动的研究视角,对H村破解草原治理难题的深层逻辑进行考察。研究表明,政府与牧民社会的有效互动激活了牧民参与草原环境治理的主体性和能动性,这是草原环境治理取得丰富成果的关键。具体而言,政府不断增强政策性资源供给,通过加大资金供给力度、完善相关法律法规和利用宣传工具造势,建构出浓厚的草原环境治理氛围;村集体组织则承接和传递政府各类资源,采取重塑村社公共精神和重构地方性非正式规定等柔性治理手段,唤醒了牧民对村社集体的信任与认同,实现了村社共同体的再造。在上述草原环境治理实践中,制度主体与生活主体持续互动,促使牧民认识到保护草原生态的重要性,看到了解决草原环境问题的可能性。于是,牧民开始主动参与环保公益活动,并在日常生活中践行节约资源的准则,因而完成了草原治理中“无动于衷”到“被迫参与”再到“生态自觉”的重大转变“。制度—生活”分析框架的引入,拓展了草原环境治理的研究视角,增进和深化了对草原环境...     

积极贯彻实施草原法

我国第一部草原法典——中华人民共和国草原法的颁布和实施,是我国经济建设,特别是边疆牧区经济建设的一件大事。它标志我国草原建设和草原畜牧业发展到了一个新阶段。关于草原建设和牧区经济,我们在建国初期就制定了“以牧为主”的发展方针和“保护草原”的政策,但一直没有一部完备的草原法规。长期以来,由于“以粮为纲”、“向草原要粮”等“左”的思想影响以及十年动乱,人们不重视草原建设,没有法制观念,对草原恣意乱垦滥牧,只利用不建设,造成生态失调,风沙肆虐,虫鼠横行,退化、碱化、沙化现象十分严重,牧业发展处于落后状态。因此,制定出一整套法律,以法制手段保护草原,加强草原建设,这是十分必要的。这部草原法,总结了过去的经验教训,依据十一届三中全会     

内蒙古草原牧区的蒙汉关系演变及影响因素——以锡盟东乌旗一个牧业社区为个案

建国后的60年里,我国草原牧区的各项制度和政策先后经历了多次重大变化,影响了内蒙古牧区"移民-本地居民"关系和蒙汉关系的走向.本文以一个典型性蒙古族草原牧业社区作为分析个案,通过"解剖麻雀"的人类学社区调查方法揭示牧区蒙古族基层社区的体制、结构和蒙汉关系的演变.在当年插队经历和近期实地调查资料基础上,文章详细介绍了这个牧业嘎查的行政沿革和不同体制下人口迁移模式的变化,并对草原牧区蒙汉交往的基本类型及蒙汉交往的影响因素进行了讨论与分析.     

从"Representation"看人类学"表述危机"

本文通过对于人类学中的一个重要概念“representation”的梳理,探讨了其在人类学不同阶段理论背景下的不同内涵以及在人类学本体论、认识论、方法论方面的意义,透过“representation”反映出人类学理论从现代主义到后现代主义的发展过程中,尤其是后现代主义思潮下人类学“表述危机”的理论论争的根源和问题的实质。     

从民族地区实际出发改进高等教育

内蒙古自治区人民政府本着重点优先发展民族教育的方针,最近批准了教育部门提出的改进民族高等教育工作的措施,扎扎实实地解决一些问题。增设蒙语授课专业,扩大招生规模。在新建的内蒙古民族师范学院、内蒙古民族医学院各专业之外,逐步增设反映内蒙古地区特点的一批专业:兽医、草原、地下水开发、牧业机械、林学、牧业经济管理、民族贸易、民族财政金融。此外,还增设法律、外语、化学、植物生态、生物、地理等专业。     

“舍饲禁牧”社区实践中的草原保护与牧民生计——以内蒙古N嘎查为例

基于内蒙古赤峰市N嘎查的实证研究,在"舍饲禁牧"的社区实践过程之中,一方面,政策的实施有利于草原生态环境的恢复,从而能够促进草原畜牧业的可持续发展。另一方面,由于舍饲禁牧所带来的牧业成本的上升,牧民的生计风险增加,他们采取各种手段进行偷牧,加之地方政府治理策略与方式的有限,这在一定程度上消弭了政策的实践效果。在地方政府积极引导的基础之上,因地制宜地凸显社区在禁牧与草原生态保护中的主体地位,提高牧民参与草原保护的能力与发挥牧民的本土生态知识,将有利于草原生态保护与牧民生计的可持续发展。     

富在草山中——湘西开发草山兴牧致富创新路

位于武陵山区的湘西土家族苗族自治州,近几年来,在中央和省畜牧草原部门支持下,在黄族聚居的吉首市郊丹青、排绸两乡和土家族聚居的龙山县八面山,成功地建成了由种草养畜专业户和牧工商服务中心组成的牧业经济联合体。只短短的三年时间,就大大地改变了“一穷二白”的而貌,在各民族群众中产生较大的影响,为我国南方少数民族草山的开发和建设现代牧业。走出了一条新路子。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.