地方政府创新采纳行为研究:一个比较分析

创新研究素来集中在私人领域,而且往往关注的是创新的结果而非过程。在中国地方政府行为研究的框架下,聚焦政府创新,从创新扩散过程中的重要决策行为——创新采纳出发,阐释组织在不同情境所表现出的不同的采纳行为,解析不同采纳行为背后的组织机制,并将采纳行为分为:竞争型采纳、学习型采纳、合法型采纳与压力型采纳。这一分析呈现了创新采纳的多样性,并认为学习型的创新采纳更有可能对组织绩效、制度变革产生影响。     

案例分析开源运动对教育的改变

结合开源运动的概念和特点,通过案例分析的方式,对开源运动对教育方面的改变进行了探索和研究。     

基于知识披露的开源软件创新博弈模型研究

开源软件行业的发展是近年最引人瞩目的经济现象之一,开源模式代表了创新模式的一种根本改变.开源软件与专有商业软件之间的竞争,反映了在知识共享与知识产权保护之间的矛盾.本文回顾了开源运动的历史背景与发展趋势,基于开放知识披露的理论,运用多阶段博弈理论构造模型,研究了企业参与开源运动的商业动机和策略行为.证明了企业参与开源运动的根本原因,是对这一创新模式未来收益的预期.     

组织连接破裂与应对措施:供应商视角的案例研究

在外界环境的突变引发组织连接破裂的情况下,供应商应该如何应对?资源依赖理论认为,应对策略可以分为缓冲和桥接两种,本文将其进一步细化为探索式缓冲、利用式缓冲、探索式桥接和利用式桥接,但具体采取哪种应对策略取决于组织连接双方的权势关系。本文采用多案例研究,在我国对日软件外包情境中选取了五段供应商—客户关系。研究发现:(1)当客户权势较高时,供应商采取桥接策略的可能性更高,其中当供应商对客户的权势也高时,供应商更可能采取探索式桥接,当供应商的权势较低时,采取利用式桥接;(2)当客户权势较低时,供应商采取缓冲策略的可能性更高;(3)利用式缓冲不受供应商—客户权势关系的影响。     

学习型组织理论在我国政府中的应用

江泽民同志在党的十六大报告中指出:要形成全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会,促进人的全面发展。建设学习型组织已成为党和国家适应新的发展形势,实现新的发展目标的重要途径和手段。本文阐述了学习型组织理论的内涵及其运用于我国政府管理的必要性,提出创建学习型政府具体途径和方法。     

政府支持型自组织构建——基于深圳食品安全社会共治的案例研究

现有自组织构建研究强调外在权威不介入或尽量避免介入,但由于食品安全治理的复杂性,政府介入自组织构建不可避免,既有文献对政府介入下的自组织如何构建缺乏深入探讨。本文通过深圳食品安全监管部门、行业协会与会员企业从单一监管体制向社会共治模式转型的案例研究发现,外在权威介入下也可以成功构建自组织,构建过程包括获取社会资本、组织学习、规则谈判和干中学4个关键环节。政府介入表现为直接支持和间接支持,针对获取社会资本和干中学两个关键环节,政府需要"有所为"而进行直接支持;针对组织学习和规则谈判两个关键环节,政府则需要"有所不为"而进行间接支持。研究结果表明:治理意识和策略转型构成政府支持型自组织的构建前提,政府与自组织之间相互作用构成政府支持型自组织的构建逻辑。与政府不介入或尽量避免介入的自组织构建机制相比,政府支持型自组织是一种组织创新与风险管理平衡的构建机制。本文提出了一个介于Ostrom类型的自组织与他组织之间的新型自组织构建理论框架,表明无论权威是否介入,自组织的构建均有可能取得成功。研究结论对社会性规制领域的自组织构建实践具有重要启示和指导价值。     

我国政府对非营利组织管理中的问题与对策

现代公共管理理论认为,政府和非营利组织都是社会公共事务管理的主体,非营利组织在促进社会发展、满足人们公共需求方面具有明显的职能优势。本文分析了我国政府对非营利组织管理现状中的一些不足,并提出一些改善的对策。     

政府公共组织与非政府公共组织比较研究

政府公共组织和非政府公共组织是现代社会组织重要组成的组成部分,两者在社会政治,经济和文化发展中发挥着重要作用,非政府组织已经逐步等到了社会的认可。为了使二者的作用得到更好的发挥,我们有必要将政府公共组织与非政府公共组织的联系和区别加以分析。本文最后对如何促进非政府公共组织的发展提出几点建议。     

基于免疫的组织健康捍卫机制建构:一个案例

本文借鉴医学免疫和健康的新视角,试图建构基于组织免疫行为的组织健康捍卫机制分析框架,探讨组织健康状态的理论维度和组织免疫行为如何捍卫组织健康状态并发挥作用的机制,同时,选取广东粤电集团沙角C电厂进行了案例研究。本文的研究揭示出,组织监视、组织防御和组织记忆是组织免疫过程的主要行为维度,而组织健康的理论维度,包括组织结构均衡性、功能活跃性、社会和谐性和环境适应性,组织免疫行为对组织健康有捍卫作用,任何一个要素和环节的缺失或失灵都会破坏组织健康状态,组织免疫系统的建立对于避免复杂系统的运行失败是非常关键的。     

地方政府与非政府组织关系互动探讨——以汶川大地震为例

本文以四川汶川大地震中的非政府组织作为案例,分析在我国制约非政府组织发展的环境因素,研究社会转型期地方政府与非政府组织之间存在的矛盾与问题,探讨我国地方政府与非政府组织如何实现密切合作和关系互动,本文通过从地方政府规制下的非政府组织的发展现状入手,结合当前非政府组织在四川汶川大地震中参与救援的案例总结非政府组织与地方政府关系的实际问题和面临的尴尬局面。为此,本文提出了一系列关于促进地方政府与非政府组织关系的良性互动的对策,为有效地动员社会资源和力量,维护地方稳定,促进社会发展,实现地方政府与非政府组织和谐关系提供有益的参考。     

Governance of open source software: state of the art

In this overview of governance mechanisms developed within open source software (OSS) circles, three types of governance are studied: ‘spontaneous’ governance, internal governance, and governance towards outside parties. Moreover, two main ways in which lessons from OSS can be applied elsewhere are explored: peer production of products other than software, and embedding ‘peer-produced’ products and peer processes into existing institutions (‘coupling’).

Analytical network process for software selection in product development: A case study

Application of software for manufacturing processes is one of the resolutions many enterprises have resorted to in the 21st century. This has been a result of increased complexity of products, globalization, rapid changes in technology and so on. The idea was that application of software especially for product development would increase the competitive advantage of industry nevertheless the irony has been that most of the investment in software has not achieved the expected results. We carry out a case study to introduce a methodology, the analytical network process as a multiattribute strategic decision making approach to help in the selection of appropriate software to suit the product development process of a particular product.     

Career transition in the Chinese context: a case study

This study explores career transition in the transitioning Chinese context. Given the transitioning nature in the overall Chinese society and the affected individuals involved in equally massive career transitions, this study investigates the career transition phenomenon through the lens of an MBA case in China. We examine career transition types and associated constraints and challenges. Two distinctive types of career transitions emerged as context specific career transitions that have not been documented in the literature. As the study only presented the tip of the iceberg of the large-scale career transition taking place in China, we further discuss the implications and future research directions on the career transition phenomenon.     

The governance of free/open source software projects: monolithic, multidimensional, or configurational?

This paper presents the results of a qualitative review and synthesis of the literature on open source governance, addressing four key questions: (1) How has open source software (OSS) governance been defined? (2) Has the phenomenon of OSS governance been conceptualized as a monolithic or multidimensional phenomenon? (3) What purposes is OSS governance hypothesized to serve? and (4) What are the dimensions of OSS governance, and how are these dimensions related to each other? The results of the review suggest a framework for future comparative and case study research on OSS governance, and they provide a basis for comparison with research on the governance of other distributed, community-based forms of content and creation.     

Constructing a market domain model for start-up software technology companies: A case study

The market for a complex technology product is sometimes called reference business because references are emphasized by corporate customers. A first customer reference is especially important for a start-up technology company attempting to enter the business-to-business market with complex products. Topics relating to customer references have received scant attention from scholars although they embed substantial business relevance. This case study concentrates on evaluating concepts that are central to customer references from the viewpoint of the start-up technology companies. Of concepts prevalent in current literature, those concerning the use of the first customer references, in particular, form an inadequate base for research and are often vague. The purpose here is to introduce a domain model that describes the key concepts and the relationships between them concerning the focus of this present article. The domain modeling technique is a well-known and widely used tool for defining concepts for large-scale information systems. Domain modeling increases understanding of the present problem domain by structuring knowledge into classes, attributes, and relations. This case study approaches the identification of concepts via an illustrative example from software business. Previously known concepts, close to the topic of this present article, are then re-evaluated based on our literature review. Redefinitions of the customer reference and related concepts are introduced.     

Published government documents as a source for interdisciplinary history: A Canadian case study

Taken as a single category, published government documents constitute the richest and most comprehensive information base for investigating a country's modern past. This paper explores the availability, range, and potential usefulness of published federal- and provincial-level Canadian governmental sources to 1925, paying particular attention to those materials most likely to be useful for investigating conditions and behavior over long periods of time. The documents published by the Canadian and the Ontario provincial governments are focused on as being representative of material which researchers should expect to find in documents published by other provinces and, in some degree, other governments in Western countries.     

Ethics and human resource management and development in a global context: case study of an Indian multinational

A firm's orientation to ethics is influenced largely by its national and organizational culture. Research shows that a growing number of Indian firms place a distinct emphasis on long-term orientation to business strategy with a social mission, underpinned by firm commitment to core organizational values, employee development and welfare. Through a case study of a large Indian multinational conglomerate, this article provides preliminary evidence of how some emerging economy firms are successfully mixing and matching indigenous business and people management strategies with the Western emphasis on meritocracy and professionalism to compete in the contemporary global economy. It further shows how the human resource development (HRD) discipline can play a pro-active role in embedding ethics and values throughout the organizational and HR architecture. The HRD professionals in the case study firm also face several structural and cultural challenges in discharging their ethics-driven HR mandate, such as management's ethnocentric attitude to global staffing and clash of work cultures.