中阿合作论坛的成就及发展趋势

中阿合作论坛的成立是中阿关系近50年来最重要的事件之一。本文通过笔者与多位阿拉伯国家驻华大使、“论坛”相关人士、中国学者间的直接对话,以及对“论坛”文献资料和数据的分析研究,回顾了“论坛”自2004年成立以来取得的成就,考察了“论坛”的成立对中阿关系的构建、发展、深化互信的影响,评估了“论坛”机制的成效。本文对“论坛”未来的发展提出了若干建议,认为中阿双方都应将中阿合作论坛当作引领中阿全面伙伴关系的重要机制和战略举措,借助这一机制和平台,全面贯彻、落实并推进中国的“一带一路”战略。     

"大周边"战略与未来中阿关系

2006年是中阿开启外交关系50周年.面对当前和今后波谲云诡的世界政治经济格局的严峻挑战,中国必须在"大周边"外交战略视野下对未来中阿关系做出重新定位,在未来的中阿关系构建中应当立足长远战略,矫正目前单一的能源优先的外交政策,避免短视和功利性,牢固树立可持续的发展观,将未来中阿关系全面提升为"战略伙伴"关系.     

中阿峰会成果丰硕 中阿关系谱写新篇

当前,世界进入新的动荡变革期,大国围绕未来国际秩序塑造和世界发展方向的战略竞争将更趋激烈。中国提出的和平发展、合作共赢的理念得到越来越多国家的认同,发展与合作逐渐形成新的时代潮流。在此背景下,举办首届中阿峰会是中国与阿拉伯国家关系史上具有里程碑意义的重大事件,它不仅将提升中阿合作的层级、扩充合作机制和平台、增强彼此战略互信,还会极大丰富中阿战略伙伴关系的内涵,推动中阿战略伙伴关系走上发展快车道。它同时意味着中阿关系在中阿合作论坛第八届部长级会议上提出建立“全面合作、共同发展、面向未来的战略伙伴关系”的基础上变得更加紧密。首届中阿峰会从四大方面和“八大共同行动”明确了共建中阿命运共同体的“四梁八柱”。其中,开展“文明对话共同行动”为中阿文明交流与民心相通带来新的发展机遇,有助于中阿携手共铸当今时代世界文明和谐共处、和合共生之道。     

二十一世纪中阿能源合作探析

中国和阿拉伯国家的能源合作具有厚实的发展基础。二十一世纪初中阿合作论坛的成功启动推动中阿能源合作大踏步推进。互惠共赢造就中阿能源合作强大生命力。未来双方将抓住共建“一带一路”新机遇,构建互利、安全、持久的中阿能源战略合作关系,以推动双方实现民族振兴的共同使命。     

中阿合作论坛与国际、地区变革

本文从中阿合作论坛第一个十年的目标与成就、国际形势变化中的中阿合作论坛、中阿合作论坛与中东剧变等角度展开论述，并基于此论述得出以下重要结论：即中阿间历史悠久的文明、文化交流是双方友好交往史的起点；中阿间官民并举、积极合作具有必要性与迫切性；“论坛”的建立是全球化挑战下中阿关系发展的战略性步伐。过去十年间，中阿关系稳步发展，“论坛”为将彼此关系提升到战略合作层面发挥了重要的基础作用。今天，为古代中阿丝绸之路注入新的活力已成为新的命题，这需要双方全面、长久的战略合作，需要兼顾中阿关系的发展，适应国际形势的变幻。“论坛”在重构丝绸之路，建立经济繁荣、文化互动的中阿战略关系方面，有着义不容辞的责任与义务。     

从中国与海湾八国关系的发展看“中阿合作论坛”

对于中阿战略合作关系的思考,要建立在对中国与阿拉伯国家关系发展的历史和现状研究的基础上。双方关系既涉及到世界大国的因素,也涉及到与阿拉伯国家相邻的非阿拉伯国家的因素。对于中国与海湾八国关系发展的研究,是分析上述因素及其影响,并进而思考中阿战略合作关系的一个重要切入点。中国与海湾国家的关系,是由中国的外交战略、海湾地区的战略格局以及中国在海湾地区的国家利益等因素综合决定的。通过研究1958年以来中国与海湾八国关系的发展,有助于进一步发展中阿关系和推动“中阿合作论坛”的建设工作。     

论中阿战略合作关系

自"中阿合作论坛"成立以来,中阿关系的全面发展得益于双方良好的政治特殊关系,这种政治特殊关系既不同于联盟关系,又超越了普通国家间合作关系,具有"战略合作"之特点。未来十年,中阿战略合作将迎来历史机遇期,但"中阿合作论坛"能否上升为类似于上合组织的多边组织,主要受两方面因素的影响:从促进因素来看,中阿双方拥有共同的战略利益,对重大国际问题持相似看法,不断增强政治互信,共同倡导政治多极化、发展模式多样化和文明对话,这已成为中阿战略合作的利益和价值基础;从制约因素来看,阿拉伯世界的内部矛盾、其缓慢的一体化进程和在安全上依靠西方国家,亦影响其与中国战略合作的深度。中阿战略合作关系的发展,还须消除"伊斯兰威胁论"和"中国威胁论"对双方民众的影响,提升对方在中、阿总体外交中的地位,尊重彼此的核心关切。     

中阿经贸合作的深化与发展

中阿经贸合作由来已久,自2004年起进入了快车道,实现了跨越式发展。2010年“中阿经贸合作论坛”的成立,为中阿经贸合作的进一步拓展提供了广阔的新平台和有效的新机制。当前中阿经贸合作的积极因素主要是：合作基础较好、经济互补性较强、双边投资合作起步良好、存在共同话语、符合共同利益等。未来合作的发展原则与思路是：发挥“中阿经贸论坛”的作用,以大视野看待中阿双边合作,通过提升中阿关系,带动中阿经贸合作。在加强中阿经贸合作时,要重视处理好中美关系;继续扩大市场开放程度,积极推动贸易自由化进程,以能源合作为本,进一步拓展经贸合作领域。     

“中阿合作论坛”框架下的中阿合作范式研究

2004年建立的“中阿合作论坛”顺应了中阿人民巩固传统友谊、加强互利双赢合作关系的共同要求,也体现了中阿关系的历久弥坚和中阿传统友谊的强大生命力。在新形势下,共同的目标、共同的任务、共同的利益,使中阿合作比以往任何时候都更加迫切和重要。全面发展中阿关系和深化中阿在各个领域的合作是大势所趋,是中阿关系持续发展的必然。     

从中国与海湾八国关系的发展看"中阿合作论坛"

对于中阿战略合作关系的思考,要建立在对中国与阿拉伯国家关系发展的历史和现状研究的基础上。双方关系既涉及到世界大国的因素,也涉及到与阿拉伯国家相邻的非阿拉伯国家的因素。对于中国与海湾八国关系发展的研究,是分析上述因素及其影响,并进而思考中阿战略合作关系的一个重要切入点。中国与海湾国家的关系,是由中国的外交战略、海湾地区的战略格局以及中国在海湾地区的国家利益等因素综合决定的。通过研究1958年以来中国与海湾八国关系的发展,有助于进一步发展中阿关系和推动"中阿合作论坛"的建设工作。     

美国撤军和阿富汗总统大选后的重建问题

多国部队从阿富汗撤出与新总统就职后,阿富汗局势复杂性从两个方面凸显出来：一方面阿富汗面临着安全局势恶化的可能性。军阀战争重启、塔利班卷土重来等可能性是国际社会担忧的安全核心问题;阿富汗大选已尘埃落定,新总统已经就职,但各派政治力量之间的竞争在这次选举后不会平息,旧有的民族、部族、地域矛盾依然存在,滞后的经济和社会发展状况不可能在短期内解决,这是国际社会担忧的阿富汗政治与社会的结构性问题。另一方面,这种情况并不是绝对的。因为,多国部队在撤出后的战略部署以及阿富汗自身安全力量的建设都影响着阿富汗未来的前途。例如,无人机战术的使用在很大程度上压制了各派反政府武装的攻势。阿富汗＂天下大乱＂的可能性不大,但局部不稳定却是非常可能的。     

Revisiting the biological perspective in the use of biopsychosocial assessments in social work

ABSTRACT

The call for increased attention to the biopsychosocial perspective in social work practice is now decades old in the USA. And yet the challenge of teaching and learning from this perspective for those with limited background in biology calls for more inter-disciplinary examples to assist students with the process of engaging in theory-informed practice. In addition to identifying the key elements of human biology, this review of the literature focuses on four examples of client behaviors that receive little or no attention in most current textbooks on the inter-disciplinary nature of human behavior in the social environment; namely, the psychobiology of sleep, the sociobiology of eating, the neurobiology of post-partum depression, and the behavioral endocrinology of menopause. This review concludes with implications for practice.     

The changing meanings of religion. Sociological theories of religion in the perspective of the last 100 years

The main aim of the article is discussion of the conceptual framework for defining religion from a sociological perspective. One of the possible orderings of its development is showing historical periods and conceptual streams. As far as history is concerned the author distinguishes three periods: classical, post-classical and contemporary, showing dominant themes and ways of approaching religion in each of them. An alternative way of ordering is proposed in the second part of the article based on the source of religious change identified as the crucial point by sociologists working on theories of religion. There are three perspectives in identifying religious change: giving priority to individuals, to social systems and to religion itself. Every perspective has some outcomes for understanding the place of religion in social and individual life. The last part of the article is devoted to presenting the impact of religious conceptions on interpretational disputes between sociologists of religion.     

上海世博理念、世博精神和世博经验探讨

中国2010年上海世博会是全球经济、科技和文化成果集中展示的一次盛会,形成了独特的上海世博理念、世博精神和世博经验。上海世博理念不仅传承世界博览会“理解、沟通、欢聚、合作”的基本理念,而且凸显了当今世界的发展趋势、时代诉求和历史使命,将成为引领未来世界城市发展的思想源泉。上海世博精神汇聚全国人民踊跃办博的精神风貌和世界人民热情参与的高尚情怀,展现了中国诚待世界的核心价值和世界信任中国的共同价值。上海世博经验是在世博会申办、筹办和举办的过程中所形成的制度、机制以及所创造具有特色的办法、技巧和心得,并在办博实践中不断应用、不断完善的知识体系。     

Sociocultural and epidemiological issues in the assessment of domestic violence

This paper presents alternative models for the integration of multicultural issues in research on domestic violence. Issues are discussed that illustrate ethnic specific strengths, concerns, and weaknesses of ethnic families and communities. These issues need to be incorporated in future research that more thoroughly examines ethnic and cultural issues in violence research. Alternative strategies for future research are also suggested which call for the incorporation of ethnic and cultural issues on an ongoing basis, so that commonalities across studies can emerge and we can begin to understand the cultural context of domestic violence.     

Predictors of Substance Use and Mental Health of Children of Divorce

Abstract

This short-term longitudinal study examined psycho-social influences on substance use and mental health among children of divorced parents. The sample consisted of ethnically diverse fifth and sixth grade students, and compared children of divorced parents (CODPs; N = 176), who were an average of four years post-divorce, with children of married parents (COMPs; N = 213) who had never divorced. CODPs reported more life stress, less problem-focused coping, and more substance-using friends and family members than COMPs. Further, these variables were significantly related to CODPs' greater reported substance use, aggressive behavior, and depression than COMPs cross-sectionally, and longitudinally, four months later. The results suggest the importance of including both substance use and mental health outcomes in preventive interventions for CODPs.     

How to Sociologically Read a Movie

Movies embody cultural values; those of class, gender, ethnicity, region, and nation come immediately to mind. They also reflect deeper civilizational assumptions such as Enlightenment values of moral redemption through human agency toward social progress that will be examined here by comparing the movies Avatar (2009) and District 9 (2009). The methodology is to identify backstage cultural assumptions that have to be assumed to make sense out of frontstage plot development. The idea of “species jumping” is introduced to illustrate the deteriorating idea that distinctly human agency is capable of producing a better social world and attaining secular moral redemption as the protagonists in both films reincarnate into alien species.     

Some first steps in the search for 'hidden' Communities of Practice within electronic networks

Abstract

This article examines the problem of how to discover hidden Communities of Practice (CoPs) inside electronic networks and whether it is possible to nurture them into fully fledged Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoPs). It discusses the characteristics of hidden communities and the relationship between virtual communities, Distributed Communities of Practice (DCoPs) and VCoPs. It then examines some of the methods that might be used to search for hidden CoPs and the ways by which these might be transformed into full VCoPs. Finally, the article presents some findings from two early studies conducted in the Higher Education Academy Psychology Network in the United Kingdom.     

Reasons for Divorce:

A 27-item checklist of reasons for divorce was administered to 437 men and women divorcing in the mid-1980's. Factor analysis revealed nine dimensions underlying the checklist responses. The most frequently cited factors were unmet emotional needs/growing apart, lifestyle differences or boredom with the marriage, and high conflict, demeaning relationships. Statistically significant sex, age and socio-economic differences were found. Correlates between the factors and individual psychological functioning, parental functioning, and the emotional ambiance of the divorce reflected considerable diversity among the divorcing population and have implications for legal and mental health practice.     

Adult Children of Same-Sex and Heterosexual Couples: Demographic “Thriving”

ABSTRACT

Prior research comparing children of same-sex and heterosexual couples is limited by methodological issues such as not including male same-sex couples and not using appropriate comparison groups of heterosexual parents. The current study addresses these limitations by examining differences in demographic characteristics between adult children of female same-sex couples, male same-sex couples, and heterosexual couples (recruited from siblings), using data reported by adult children's parents drawn from a matched longitudinal cohort. Demographic variables include employment, education, religion, and familial status. Results reveal few differences between adult children of same-sex couples and those of heterosexual couples, and no differences between children of female-female couples and male-male couples.