20世纪90年代西北城市社区民族通婚调查研究--以西宁市城中区为例

城市社区民族通婚现象调查研究是当今民族社会学研究的一个重要内容。笔者对西宁市城中区20世纪90年代近8年的民族通婚变动状况进行了调查研究,试图以小见大,揭示在经济发展、社会转型的新形式下,城市社区民族通婚有关发展演变规律。并借此间接地或直接地了解在城市这个大环境中各民族的生活状况、价值观念以及民族关系的发展状态与演变情况,从而为民族工作者提供一些有益的借鉴。     

Diverse Muslims in a Racialized Landscape: Race,Ethnicity and Islamophobia in the American City of Milwaukee,Wisconsin

Studying the racially and ethnically diverse Muslim minority population in any US city must take into account the racialized landscape prevailing in the city. Milwaukee is a highly racially segregated city, where residential patterns have been shaped by decades of immigration by various ethnic and racial groups, and by restrictions on residential housing, as well as industrialization, deindustrialization and suburbanization. This paper presents findings of an ethnographic research along with the results of a household survey of Muslims in Milwaukee in the context of Milwaukee's urban landscape. Muslims in Milwaukee are racially, ethnically and linguistically diverse. Their patterns of residence and of worship suggest the influence of not only segregation and the typical patterns of ethnic immigration but also clustering and dispersal. Patterns of residences also show the influence of not only Muslim leadership and organization but also of the racialized landscape of the city. Our survey provides a portrait of a community negotiating racial and ethnic differences and solidarities.     

多民族聚居城市社区组织建设研究——对社区居委会的分析

民族地区城市社区居委会工作人员的身份认识存在偏差;社区居委会工作庞杂,工作难度大;居民参与社区事务多为动员式(或被动式)参与,社区事务参与内容简单,结构失调,总体参与度不高;社区居民对社区居委会自身的职能(性质)认识不足,社区居委会与其他组织的关系模糊,导致在日常工作中疲于应付上级政府。对于民族地区城市社区组织建设的研究,应注重从民族地区的文化特性出发,挖掘民族地区内部的社会潜力,这样才能有助于社区居委会真正发挥社区管理的推动者与执行者的职能,提升多民族聚居地区的社区能力。     

Considering Racial Attitudes and Empathic Concern as Predictors of Prosocial Behaviors Among Emerging Adults

Race and Social Problems - The goal of the current study was to examine the role of racial attitudes, empathic concern, and prosocial behaviors among emerging adults. Research linking racial...     

乡土社会的民间信仰与族群互动：来自田野的调查与思考

通过对一个移民性乡村社区的田野调查,从民间信仰的角度,以历史人类学的分析方法,探讨了地方性族群关系的形成和发展。认为神明信仰是整合和稳定民间社会的重要力量源。最后结合人类学族群研究理论对神明信仰做了历史的文化解析,并对田野调查提出了若干思考。     

Understanding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Arrest: The Role of Individual,Home, School,and Community Characteristics

Contact with the justice system can lead to a range of poor health and social outcomes. While persons of color are disproportionately represented in both the juvenile and criminal justice systems, reasons for these patters remain unclear. This study sought to examine the extent and sources of differences in arrests during adolescence and young adulthood among blacks, whites, and Hispanics in the USA. Multilevel cross-sectional logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 12,752 respondents). Results showed significantly higher likelihood of having ever been arrested among blacks, when compared to whites, even after controlling for a range of delinquent behaviors (odds ratio = 1.58, 95 % confidence interval = 1.27, 1.95). These black–white disparities were no longer present after accounting for racial composition of the neighborhood, supporting the growing body of research demonstrating the importance of contextual variables in driving disproportionate minority contact with the justice system.     

美国的种族居住隔离:理论与现实

种族居住隔离被视作美国社会的基本组织特征,因而也成为审视美国种族关系和社会结构的独特视角。其成为众多学科研究的焦点,与历史进程、现实因素、意识形态和学术传统有着深层次的关联。本文在文献整理的基础上对美国种族居住隔离的现状和特点进行了总结,并对其形成机制的三种主要解释范式进行了详细介绍,试图从理论和现实两个层面勾勒出这一社会现象的基本面貌。     

Teacher-Based Racial Discrimination: The Role of Racial Pride and Religiosity Among African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents

This study explored the extent to which private regard and religiosity beliefs serve as protective factors for school bonding among African American and Caribbean black adolescents who experience racial discrimination in school. Findings are drawn from a nationally representative sample of (n = 810) African American and (n = 360) Caribbean black adolescents (52% girls) aged 13–17 (M_age = 15, SD = 1.42) years. Results suggest that perceiving racial discrimination from teachers was associated with lower levels of school bonding for African American and Caribbean black adolescents. For African American adolescents, perceiving more racial discrimination from teachers and reporting lower private regard beliefs was associated with less school bonding. The findings for Caribbean black adolescents revealed that endorsing moderate levels of religiosity and perceiving higher rates of teacher discrimination was associated with less school bonding. The developmental significance and implications for future research are discussed.     

Racialization in Public and Private: Memories of First Racial Experiences

Research suggests retention of childhood memories into adulthood requires such memories to hold a certain amount of importance. Therefore, initial racial memories likely play a role in one??s racialization process, or formulation of an understanding of race. This study uses data from 49 in-depth interviews with white undergraduate students on memories of their first experiences of race. Data generally fell into the categories of private and public racialization. Private racialization included accounts of events that took place at home, primarily consisting of racist joking, derogatory comments, and family storytelling. Public racialization consisted of events that took place outside the home, most commonly at school. Data also revealed interactions between private and public realms, where accommodations were made in private to control, minimize or restrict interracial contact in public.     

珠江三角洲外来企业中的族群与族群关系(上)——以深圳中成文具厂为例

珠江三角洲外来企业中的族群成分是多元的。在内地大量农村剩余劳动力及各类专业人才流入珠江三角洲地区的背景下,运用人类学的理论和方法,对深圳中成文具厂进行个案研究考察,分析了该厂的族群构成,并在此基础上探讨了其族群的认同特征。     

Exploring Politicized Trust in a Racially Diverse Computer Science Classroom

ABSTRACT

Over the past decade, abroad range of policymakers, corporations, educators, and scholars in the United States have catapulted computer science (CS) education from the sidelines to the center of K-12 public education discourse. While calls for CS education are often framed in terms of national and economic competitiveness, there is a growing interest amongst equity scholars in curricular interventions that directly engage the ethical and sociopolitical issues surrounding CS and its role in society. Yet, less attention has been given to how sociocultural dynamics of classrooms play a mediating role in these spaces. Drawing on video data from an equity-oriented CS classroom, we argue aconflict that arose during design activities was rooted in alack of trust and solidarity between students. Ultimately, we make the case that in addition to curricular innovations, equity efforts in CS education must prioritize the cultivation of positive student relationships.     

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Leisure-time Physical Activity in California: Patterns and Mechanisms

Evidence has shown that racial/ethnic minorities in the United States are less likely than whites to engage in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA); yet few studies to date have included Asian subgroups in the analyses and mechanisms underlying these disparities are not well known. This study uses data from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey (N = 37,164) to examine racial/ethnic disparities in self-reported adherence to LTPA recommendations and to explore the mediating roles of socioeconomic status (SES), acculturation, and neighborhood perceptions. Nine racial/ethnic groups were included: non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexicans, and six largest Asian subgroups. Results confirm that racial/ethnic minorities are, in general, less likely than whites to meet LTPA recommendations, whereas heterogeneity is also evident across Asian subgroups. No significant disparity is revealed for the Japanese and Filipinos but whites are advantaged compared to all other Asian groups. Educational attainment, percent of lifetime spent in the United States and access to park, playground, or open space are significantly associated with meeting LTPA recommendations. SES and acculturation play differential roles in explaining group disparities for blacks, Mexicans, and some Asian subgroups. Perceived neighborhood environment does not mediate LTPA disparities by race/ethnicity. Net of these mediators, the advantages of whites in meeting LTPA recommendations persist for blacks, Mexicans, the Chinese, and Koreans. Future research should theorize and operationalize additional multilevel pathways linking race/ethnicity and LTPA while assessing measurement errors in the existing constructs.     

民族互嵌式社区治理共同体的系统审视与建构路径——以云南省洱源县郑家庄为考察中心

社会治理共同体视域下推进我国民族互嵌式社区治理共同体建设,既是促进各民族相互嵌入的基本着力点,也是落实民族工作“重在基层”的重要体现。本文通过对郑家庄典型社区进行调查研究,将民族互嵌式社区的系统建构与社会治理共同体建设相结合、相融通,见微知著,研究和探讨多民族社区治理的普遍规律,在共同体叙事中探寻我国民族互嵌式社区治理共同体建构的内在机理与框架体系。郑家庄通过系统推进“居住互嵌、组织互嵌、经济互嵌、文化互嵌与心理互嵌”,探索建构民族互嵌式社区生活共同体、组织共同体、经济共同体、文化共同体与情感共同体,为多民族社区实现“建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体”目标提供了实践样本。     

从奥巴马现象看美国社会种族融合问题

具有黑人血统的奥巴马当选美国总统,这是美国社会漫长的种族融合过程中具有里程碑意义的事件,表明美国种族关系已经发生了深刻变化。而黑白混血儿在美国历史上的独特遭遇更加凸显了这一现象的历史意义。然而,美国社会还远没有进入后种族时代。奥巴马竞选前后及竞选过程中美国社会各方的反应充分说明,美国种族问题在当前及今后很长一段时间内依然是影响美国社会和谐、阻碍美国社会进步的一个重要因素。     

Goal-Striving Stress and Racial Differences in Mental Health

This study investigated the associations among goal-striving stress, racial related stressors, and mental health. Goal-striving stress was defined as the discrepancy between aspiration for and achievement of a better way of life, weighted by the subjective probability of success, and the level of disappointment experienced if those life goals were not realized. Data are from the National Survey of American Life’s African American (N = 3,570) and non-Hispanic white (N = 891) adult samples. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between goal-striving stress and five mental health outcomes: happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological distress, and depressive symptoms. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, a personal problems checklist, and racial discrimination, goal-striving stress was significantly related to all mental health measures such that as goal-striving stress increased, mental health worsened. Additionally, the relationship of goal-striving stress to mental health was found to be conditional upon race. Specifically, goal-striving stress had a stronger effect among white Americans than African Americans. Goal-striving stress was associated differentially with lower levels of mental health for black and white Americans. Racial differences in the impact of goal-striving stress suggest a need for analyses exploring resilience and coping in relation to the impact of goal-striving stress on black–white differences in mental health.     

通辽市近45年农业水资源变化分析

分析了通辽市近４５ 年降水、潜在蒸散及农田水分盈亏的变化,结果表明：年降水量在周期变化中具有减小的趋势,年降水量的稳定性增加,潜在蒸散波动上升。本世纪６０ 年代以来,春旱有所缓减,秋旱有所加剧     

Closing the Racial Wealth Gap: Establishing and Sustaining an Initiative

By 2003, the savings and asset building field had achieved critical research and policy successes. However, some challenges it faced were the lack of a substantial presence of organizations of color in the field and the absence of experts of color at decision-making tables. Over the course of 11 years, a strategy was developed within the Ford Foundation to gain an understanding of the knowledge and perspective of communities of color about saving and wealth building and to then include this perspective within the asset building field. This article provides a social history of the work undertaken to create and sustain this initiative.     

红色文化与铸牢中华民族共同体意识的耦合协调度：基于百色市的实证分析

选取红色文化旅游、红色文化宣讲、红色文化教育作为评估指标构建红色文化子系统,选取“五个认同”作为评估指标构建铸牢中华民族共同体意识子系统,运用耦合协调度模型分析百色市红色文化与铸牢中华民族共同体意识的耦合协调度。实证研究表明,百色市红色文化与铸牢中华民族共同体意识内部要素之间相互促进作用显著,具有高度耦合;2019-2021年百色市红色文化与铸牢中华民族共同体意识分别处于勉强协调、初步协调、良好协调阶段,二者的良性互动已显现成效,但协调发展水平有待进一步提高。最后,从推动红色文化进产业、进社区、进学校,夯实铸牢中华民族共同体意识的经济基础、群众基础、社会基础方面提出提升红色文化与铸牢中华民族共同体意识耦合协调度水平的实践路径。     

Men and Their Father Figures: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Outcomes

Though gender, racial, and ethnic disparities in health in the United States are well documented, it is less clear how these factors intersect to produce patterns of mental health outcomes among men. This study examined the presence of father figures in the lives of African American, Caribbean black and non-Hispanic white American males until the age of 16; assessed the current socio-demographic factors of these men as adults; and explored whether these factors lead to variations in mental health outcomes. Regression models were used to examine the correlates of socio-demographic, psychosocial, and retrospective father figure measures for depressive symptoms and non-specific psychological distress among African American (n = 999), Caribbean black (n = 506), and non-Hispanic white men (n = 193) from the National Survey of American Life. Findings revealed racial and ethnic group differences by age, employment status, education, and household income on depressive symptoms (measured using the CES-D scale) and non-specific psychological distress (using the Kessler-6 scale). Findings suggested that being raised by a grandfather placed both African American and Caribbean black men at greater risk for depressive symptoms and non-specific psychological distress under certain socio-demographic conditions. This study is unique in that it considers the influence of father figures on the mental health outcomes of adult males across three racial and ethnic groups. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for future mental health research and practice with men of color.