Recent changes in long range corporate planning in Japan

In his article the author discusses an emerging new stage in Japanese long range corporate planning which reflects the struggles of Japanese companies against the new economic situation in which it is very difficult to enjoy a high economic growth rate. Among the many long range plans launched in 1976 and 1977 Hitachi's new long range plan provides an excellent illustration of the main features of the struggles. Using Hitachi as an example various new aspects manifested in Stage IV of Japanese long range corporate planning are described with reference to the economic and social background and its implications for Japanese companies.     

Approaches to implementing manufacturing information systems

Since computers lie behind almost all aspects of new technology, industry now has the chance to develop true integrated Manufacturing Information Systems. This paper examines the developments in this direction which new technology makes available, and why companies should embrace them. Case studies are presented in which the progress achieved and problems encountered by three companies in realising their manufacturing information system are discussed. General conclusions are drawn from them and recommendations for successful implementation are put forward.     

民营上市公司控制类型、多元化经营与企业绩效

本文将2006年度民营上市公司分为直接上市和间接上市两种类型,考察了所有权与控制权分离程度、多元化经营与企业绩效之间的关系。发现间接上市民营公司所有权与控制权分离程度、多元化经营程度均显著高于直接上市民营公司。多元回归结果表明,直接上市民营公司最终控制人金字塔持股和多元化经营对企业绩效没有显著影响;而间接上市民营公司最终控制人所有权与控制权分离程度和多元化程度越高,企业绩效越低,说明代理问题在此类公司比较突出。所有权与控制权分离程度和多元化指标的交互关系也为此提供了进一步的证据。本文的贡献在于对民营上市公司进行了更为细致的分类,并从动机和行为两方面考察了其所导致的经济后果。研究增进了对我国民营上市公司的认识,对理解民营上市公司控制类型以及多元化经营也提供了新的视角。     

Guided product idea generation

This article describes a successful method for getting many good product ideas during a short period of time, which was developed by the patent broker New Products NordInvent (NP) to be used instead of the normal method of spontaneous idea generation. The article is based on a project ‘Swede Innovation '81’ in which 12 large Swedish companies formulated 64 search profiles and asked all Swedish inventors to invent new products with this guide. NP formulated the original model—which has advantages for the companies, the patent broker and the inventors—and carried through the project on commission from these companies. Out of 2710 product idea contributions sent for evaluation, about ten products will go into production. This figure could have been higher if the companies had been better prepared to receive new products and had had a better knowledge of managing innovations.     

Inter‐Firm R&D Networks: the Importance of Strategic Network Capabilities for High‐Tech Partnership Formation1

We examine the role of different network capabilities of companies that influence the formation of R&D partnerships in pharmaceutical biotechnology. Strategic network capabilities, specifically centrality‐based capabilities and the efficiency with which companies choose their partners, are found to facilitate the formation of new partnerships. Unlike general experience with partnering, these strategic network capabilities play a crucial role in enabling companies to continue to interact with other companies through partnerships in a complex network setting.     

基于LGCNET多层网络的中国A股上市公司系统性风险度量

系统性风险度量一直是金融风险领域的热点问题,但是对于复杂网络条件下的度量方法还缺乏深入研究。本文将滑动窗口分位数回归与局部高斯相关方法相结合,构建出一种全新的多层时变网络——局部高斯相关网络(Local Gaussian Correlation Network, LGCNET)。基于此方法,本文通过研究中国证券市场股票总体及尾部收益的非线性相关性,分析了2018年至2021年我国A股50家上市企业关联网络的演化特征,通过考察金融网络系统性风险水平在整个时间段内的变化情况,探究了新冠疫情及中美贸易摩擦期间上市公司网络的风险变化情况。结果表明：第一,金融与科技行业是网络节点的中心,与其他行业公司存在较高关联性,表明该类行业是风险传导的中心。第二,基建及银行类公司因为其市值高,在系统中的重要程度普遍较高;同时,尾部风险排名高于其市值排名的企业具有较大市场影响力和风险传导能力,也应该受到关注。第三,在系统层面,受信用风险加剧及中美贸易摩擦的影响,2018年整个网络系统普遍具有较高风险水平;但在2020年新冠疫情期间,国内系统性风险一直控制在较低水平。     

炫耀性产品品牌策略：品牌延伸或新品牌？

企业在推出炫耀性产品时，可以采用两种品牌策略：品牌延伸或新品牌。为分析企业的炫耀性产品品牌策略，通过博弈论本文建立了无新产品、品牌延伸和新品牌三种模型，并得到了垄断情形与竞争情形下企业在不同品牌策略下的最优定价和利润。研究发现：在垄断情形下，企业总是采用品牌延伸策略。而在面临企业竞争时，如果消费者对地位身份不敏感，则企业选择不推出新产品；如果消费者对身份地位敏感，则当创建新品牌成本较小时，企业采用新品牌策略，否则企业选择放弃推出新产品。此外，一定条件下，企业推出新品牌会增加竞争对手的利润。     

发达国家企业后勤战略的新趋势

企业后勤战略是企业战略的一个重要组成部分.企业重组和兼并的浪潮、地区一体化和全球化的发展趋势以及竞争的日益加剧,使得企业的经济环境发生了很大变化.发达国家的企业审时度势,纷纷制定和实施新的后勤战略,如及时后勤战略、一体化后勤战略和全球后勤战略,以适应当今的经济环境,保持竞争优势,获取更大的生存与发展空间.这些战略对于即将加入WTO的我国企业来说,具有很大的借鉴作用.     

Approaches to Stimulating Change in Mature Insurance Companies

The findings reported in this paper address problems confronting chief executives and functional specialists involved in turnaround situations. A comparison is undertaken of companies in which innovation was successfully started – called 'pacesetters'– with companies which were less successful. Starting innovation was an important precursor for profitability in all the companies studied. Without change there would be no tomorrow. In pacesetter companies, chief executives used an unconventional approach to shock staff into action. They ruthlessly opened minds to market threats and opportunities. After administering shock treatment, they carefully returned responsibility to first line managers through a deliberate 'managerial shift'. They insisted that the new style of managing they introduced be market-focused. In contrast, chief executives of companies which were less successful at starting innovation encouraged debate on alternative strategies as a prelude to any action. This apparently more logical approach led to frequent disagreements which sapped employee motivation. It lacked the urgency of an approach firmly grounded in the realities of the market place.     

Empowered Learners: The New Paradigm for 2000 and Beyond

In the fast-growing new technology-based industrial landscape in the UnitedStates, companies have had to face a major problem. Many job applicants havehad such a poor educational preparation that many companies are required tooffer remedial courses in the basic subjects to ensure employee readiness forsuch positions. Many times, however, the educational approach taken bycompanies is very similar to that which was taken by the schools which havefailed these employees – the typical `chalk and talk' approach. Thisarticle suggests an alternative approach to employee education. Thisresearch-based theory states each individual learns in a unique way which canbe diagnosed and utilized to ensure maximum educational effectiveness. Thisapproach has already been employed in a high school setting, and the resultssupport this approach. The theory is not predicated on school-age studentsalone, hence a transition to the workforce is entirely credible, to thebenefit of companies and individuals alike.     

Knowledge Acquisition Strategies and Company Performance in Young High Technology Companies

Research on knowledge strategies argues that the configuration of activities used by companies to acquire new and leverage existing knowledge is an important influencing factor of company performance. However, we do not know very much about how companies actually structure knowledge acquisition. In addition, we do not know which configurations of knowledge acquisition are conducive to company performance. Furthermore, knowledge strategies have largely been neglected in the context of young and entrepreneurial companies. Drawing on an explorative analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, we investigate strategies and activities for knowledge acquisition in the context of young biotechnology companies in Germany. The study reveals four distinct knowledge acquisition strategies (low key, mid range, focus and explorer) and shows that these strategies differ in their relation to company performance as a result of their configuration of knowledge acquisition activities and the type of knowledge acquired.     

Strategic information management in global manufacturing

Responding to new forces on the competitive landscape, global manufacturing companies are restructuring corporate cultures, organizational cofigurations and management coordination channels and styles. The emergence of flexibility as a prime competitive parameter for manufacturing is paralleled by companies shifting toward flexible, adaptive structures. A major challenge is to develop and deploy information technologies linking organizational subgroups for a streamlines process of new product/service creation and delivery. This article describes the convergence of information management and manufacturing activities over the past 30 years and suggests what the future will hold.     

A case study in venture management

This paper examines the venture concept as a means of stimulating new product development within large companies. The literature reveals a significant difference between the venture idea as originally conceived in North America and as applied in European companies. A case study of a UK venture experiment is then presented which clearly demonstrates the resistance to substantive change which may characterise large organisations.     

数据驱动的产品研发转型：组织惯例适应性变革视角的案例研究

现有研究多聚焦于大数据对产品研发流程与绩效的影响,对基于经验的产品研发转变为数据驱动的产品研发的转型路径、实现机制与转型范式缺乏理论探讨。本文基于组织惯例适应性变革的整合视角,通过对韩都衣舍的纵向案例研究,提出从基于经验的产品研发转变为数据驱动的产品研发的两阶段转型模型,剖析了数据驱动的产品研发转型的组织惯例适应性变革机制,提出了数据驱动的产品研发转型范式理论模型,对"数据驱动"的内涵进行了创新性阐述。本文从转型路径、实现机制与转型范式3个方面构建了数据驱动的产品研发转型理论,研究结论对数字经济时代数据驱动产品创新的企业实践提供了政策启示。     

资产减值准备计提与会计盈余价值相关性——基于亏损上市公司的经验数据

采用多元回归分析法对新8项资产减值会计准则实施后,亏损上市公司计提减值准备的会计盈余价值相关性进行了研究;在考虑公司个体特点的基础上,运用堆栈回归法,采用随机效应影响的面板模型对不同年度的会计盈余价值相关性进行了分析。结果表明,从整体上看,亏损上市公司计提减值准备后增强了会计盈余价值相关性,计提的减值准备数据本身也具有增量价值相关性,同时,研究还发现盈利年度的会计信息对投资者的决策更有用,以及投资者不能有效识别微利公司的会计盈余质量,而对于巨亏公司与通过转回减值准备方式盈利的公司来说,其会计盈余数据的决策相关性显著低于对比公司,投资者能有效识别其会计盈余质量,这为2007年1月1日起实施的《企业会计准则第8号——资产减值》中规定的关于已计提的减值准备不可转回的会计准则变革提供了实证支持。     

家族控制与对价支付——一项基于中国家族上市公司的实证研究

随着家族上市公司的数量不断增多,对家族企业的研究也越发显得迫切和重要,然而目前在我国,对于家族控制是否有利于上市公司的发展,理论界始终没有形成统一、全面的评价.本文借助股权分置改革的契机,以"对价"这个囊括公司表现、市场评价、投资 者预期等各方面因素的综合指标为切入点,利用该指标的综合性与预期性优势,重新审视家族控制对我国上市公司的影响.以2006年底进行股改的上市公司为样本,研究发现家族控制有利于我国上市公司的发展,市场给予良好的评价,其在全流通过程中支付的成本较低;对家族分样本进一步分析得出,直接上市的家族企业比买壳上市的家族企业总体表现更好;聘请职业经理人管理的比家族成员直接参加管理的上市公司市场评价更高.     

Company rescue—An example

Growing competition and rising costs, together with an international recession, have made it much harder for companies to survive. The most prosperous companies are often those based on new inventions and new products while the hardest hit seem to be those engaged in conventional, mature products. This example described in this article is a case where a company, at the eleventh hour, was saved from bankruptcy by proper, systematic use of well known management techniques. The economic results developed so well, after the change of strategy, that in 4 years time it was possible to build and invest in new, modern plant.     

关联方关系及其交易的信息披露问题

上市公司关联方关系及其交易一直是证券市场关注的热点问题,对这一事项的信息披露是财务报表附注中的一项重要内容.因为关联方关系及其交易不同于-般的公司间关系及交易,有其自身独具的特点,因而成为投资者决策的一条主要依据.从中报和年报的总体来看,大部分上市公司能够比较客观、清楚地披露该项事宜,但仍然有一些上市公司不能按照准则要求去做,在信息披露中暴露出一些问题.因此,不论关联方关系及其交易的信息披露还是关联交易本身都有待于进一步规范.     

Cloud platforms for remote monitoring system: a comparative case study

Abstract

Currently, industrial companies are increasingly introducing services to extend their tangible products. Remote monitoring solutions are one of the most implemented services by machine builders to manage their relationship with customers and also improve their business performance in the digital manufacturing era. However, the conventional method of remote monitoring cannot fulfill distributed business environments. Therefore, new solutions are needed to enable remote connection in manufacturing. By reviewing recent literature and proposing new features for software which can be used for remote service and operations, this research paper introduces a remote monitoring system connecting into a central cloud-based system with edge computing network architecture, namely Cloud-based Remote Monitoring (CloudRM). This proposed CloudRM also has been implemented in two different case companies for analysis and evaluation from a value proposition and technical implementation point of view. It shows significant improvement in production management and measurement by using CloudRM.     

天津企业市场导向的探索性研究

天津企业表现出两种形式的市场导向:全面市场导向(ComprehensiveMarketOrientation)和竞争与顾客导向(CompetitorandCustomerFocusedOrientation)。这两种导向产生于五个关键的市场导向(MO)因素和一个市场环境(ME)因素。其中市场导向因素包括:“企业各部门协调一致来满足目标市场的需要”、“企业十分重视售后服务工作”、“企业凭借自身的竞争优势招徕顾客”、“‘为顾客创造价值’的信念是企业制定竞争战略的动力”和“达到顾客满意是企业制定各种经营目标的动力”;市场环境因素则为“与企业核心产品/服务相关的技术变化程度”。研究表明,实行全面市场导向的企业在新产品的相对成功率和相对投资回报率(ROI)上都取得了明显高的绩效,但在组织特征上无独特性。